海洋污损对螺旋桨叶切面性能影响的数值模拟

通常情况下,舰艇螺旋桨桨叶表面为抛光金属材质,没有涂装防污涂层,使得桨叶易受到海洋污损生物的附着和侵蚀,然而污损对螺旋桨性能的影响研究较少。采用CFD方法对污损螺旋桨叶切面流场分布进行数值模拟,在污损生物群落中选取藤壶作为污损对象,并在几何层面上进行直接建模。计算结果表明,污损使得叶切面边界层分离更早、分离区域更大,进而使得叶切面升阻比显著降低(最大降低了近90%),从而导致螺旋桨推进效率大幅降低;当藤壶高度超过一定阈值后,藤壶的继续生长对叶切面升阻力的影响变得较小。     

船用大侧斜螺旋桨的噪声计算与分析

采用分离涡模型(DES)对伴流场中螺旋桨的轴承力进行数值计算,得到轴承力的时域值,通过傅里叶变换得到频域脉动值并分析了轴承力的频域特性。将桨叶表面压力脉动作为旋转偶极子声源,采用Virtual.Lab基于直接边界元方法计算了螺旋桨的无空泡噪声,分析了螺旋桨轴承力与噪声的关系以及噪声指向性。     

可调螺距螺旋桨水动力性能分析

利用面元法分析可调距螺旋桨的水动力性能.计算过程中,采用较为简捷的关于扰动速度势的基本积分微分方程,并采用双曲面形状的面元以消除面元间的的间隙,Newton-laphson迭代过程被用来在桨叶随边满足压力Kutta条件,使桨叶上下表面的的压力在随边有良好的一致性,同时用模拟物体真实行状的面元法来解决调距桨在螺距变化时的叶剖面畸变的问题.用Morino导出的解析计算公式来计算面元的影响系数,加快了数值计算的速度.以无厚度线性尾涡模拟桨叶泄出涡.调距螺旋桨最佳转轴位置由理论方法求出,使得桨叶的转叶矩为零.计算过程中计入了桨毂的影响,并分析了桨毂对桨叶表面压力分布的影响.最后给出了调矩螺旋桨水动力性能随随螺距的变化规律,并和试验结果作了比较分析.     

不均匀进流场下螺旋桨非定常力的数值模拟

本文基于STAR-CCM+对非均匀来流下的螺旋桨非定常力进行数值模拟,通过与试验值进行比较,分析了时间离散格式、单位时间步长螺旋桨旋转角度与网格密度对计算结果的影响。结果表明,在螺旋桨非定常力计算中,螺旋桨单位时间步长的旋转角度应为1.8°同时选取二阶时间离散格式,桨叶表面网格的边界增长率设定为medium就可以达到计算精度的要求。并在此基础上,对Suboff全附体潜艇模型下3个螺旋桨的非定常力进行数值模拟,分析桨叶个数以及桨叶侧斜对非定常力变化幅度的影响。     

某AU型螺旋桨的三维建模及其性能分析

螺旋桨性能将直接影响船舶的快速性和推进效率,文章以AU型螺旋桨为对象,运用实体建模和数值仿真等方法对螺旋桨性能进行研究。首先用MATLAB将螺旋桨的基本参数和不同半径处叶切面二维坐标转换为空间笛卡尔坐标,再将笛卡尔坐标值导入Solidworks中建立三维实体模型,然后在Fluent中选择RNG k-ε湍流模型,运用CFD数值方法对螺旋桨进行性能仿真,研究不同进速下螺旋桨的推力系数、转矩系数、敞水效率和桨叶压力分布等参数特性变化趋势,分析计算结果的准确性。通过对螺旋桨性能的分析,得到螺旋桨运转时尾流场特性,为空泡、振动分析提供理论依据,为以后螺旋桨优化设计提供参考。     

螺旋桨性能和压力分布预估方法的改进

本文提供了一个预估螺旋桨性能的升力面数值计算方法。该方法引入了一种新的螺旋桨尾涡模型,用圆锥螺旋面来模拟尾涡片的变形现象,以考虑尾流收缩等非线性影响。应用离散的涡、源奇点系作升力面数值计算.编制了螺旋桨性能及桨叶表面压力分布的计算程序。对DTNSRDC系列侧斜桨和AU型桨计算了桨叶上环量径向和弦向分布、螺旋桨敞水性能、桨叶上压力分布和桨后尾流场,并与相应的试验结果和其他方法的计算结果分别进行了比较。比较结果表明,利用本文提供的方法可望提高大侧斜螺旋桨性能的计算精度。     

基于PropCad的螺旋桨几何建模研究

为了将螺旋桨设计所得到的主要参数和水动力性能转换为螺旋桨几何模型,基于PropCad软件,对桨型、桨叶数、旋向、桨径、盘面比、螺距、后倾角、侧斜、叶剖面等诸多因素进行精确控制,以准确快捷地完成螺旋桨几何建模。研究结果表明:根据船舶参数和螺旋桨参数等建模输入,借助Prop Cad软件进行输出螺旋桨2D/3D图、桨叶切面型值表、桨叶厚度送审报告,可以精确高效地将螺旋桨设计所得到的主要参数和水动力性能转换为螺旋桨几何模型。     

非均匀伴流下无空泡螺旋桨涡流噪声的数值研究

应用分离涡方法(DES)对螺旋桨的涡流场进行了模拟。提出了一种在桨叶附近生成高质量边界层网格的结构化网格划分方法。利用Q准则和自定义函数对桨叶泄涡及其频率特性进行了研究。以桨叶表面脉动压力为声源,通过求解FW-H方程对螺旋桨噪声进行了预报。频谱分析表明螺旋桨低频离散线谱噪声、低频宽带噪声以及高频涡流噪声都得到了较好的预报,特别对涡流噪声的频谱特性进行了分析。数值计算结果表明:以单桨叶表面压力脉动为声源,涡流噪声为单调音,频率即为桨叶泄涡频率,声压级比宽带噪声高出约15 dB;以整个螺旋桨表面压力脉动为声源,涡流噪声在泄涡频率附近有着多条线谱,各线谱的频率间隔相等,声压级比宽带噪声高出约10 dB。     

全回转推进器螺旋桨桨叶结构强度评估方法

为了解决全回转推进器螺旋桨的单向流固耦合问题,实现螺旋桨桨叶结构强度精确评估,文章基于计算流体力学和有限元法开展了螺旋桨桨叶的结构强度计算方法研究,重点探讨了桨叶表面随机分布压力从流体域到固体域的转换技术。在此基础上,文中提出了桨叶固液交界面上水动力载荷的转换方法,详细研究了插值加权系数和有限元网格尺寸对桨叶结构强度计算精度的影响规律,给出了适用于桨叶强度评估的插值加权系数和单元网格尺寸选取原则。最后,该文以5000 kW级全回转推进器螺旋桨为例,开展了桨叶结构强度数值计算和安全评估,获得了桨叶的应力和变形分布规律,整体上建立了全回转推进器螺旋桨桨叶结构强度评估方法,可为大功率全回转推进器螺旋桨设计提供借鉴和参考。     

叶梢间隙和尖角对导管桨敞水性能的影响

针对叶梢间隙、叶梢尖角对导管螺旋桨Ka4-55+NO.19水动力性的影响问题,采用CFD方法进行模拟分析,对比不同湍流模型数值计算结果并分析螺旋桨表面的压力、速度分布情况;针对不同的叶梢间隙和尖角切割半径分别进行数值模拟计算。结果表明,湍流模型SST k-ω的数值计算精度较高;导管螺旋桨设计时,为满足工艺、结构要求可适当增大叶梢间隙;为减小桨叶受损概率和降低空泡,对叶梢尖角进行倒圆处理,其敞水性能的损失通过增大螺距比来弥补。     

Performance analysis of a vertical axis tidal turbine with flexible blades

In this study, a vertical axis tidal turbine with flexible blades is investigated. The focus is on analyzing the effect of flexible airfoils types and blade flexibility on turbine net output power. To this end, five different flexible airfoils (Symmetric and Non-symmetric) are employed. The results show that the use of a thick flexible symmetric airfoil can effectively increase output power compared to that achievable with a conventional rigid blade. Moreover, the use of highly flexible blades, as opposed to less flexible or rigid blades, is not recommended.     

柔性叶片垂直轴潮流能水轮机性能分析（英文）

In this study, a vertical axis tidal turbine with flexible blades is investigated. The focus is on analyzing the effect of flexible airfoils types and blade flexibility on turbine net output power. To this end, five different flexible airfoils(Symmetric and Non-symmetric) are employed. The results show that the use of a thick flexible symmetric airfoil can effectively increase output power compared to that achievable with a conventional rigid blade. Moreover, the use of highly flexible blades, as opposed to less flexible or rigid blades, is not recommended.     

Effects of roughness on hydrodynamic characteristics of a submerged floating tunnel subject to steady currents

The effects of surface roughness as induced by marine fouling on the hydrodynamic forces on a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) are experimentally and numerically investigated in detail at Reynolds numbers Re = 8.125 × 10³–5.25 × 10⁴. A sensitivity analysis to different roughness parameters including roughness height, skewness, coverage ratio, and spatial arrangement is performed. In addition, an optimized parametric cross-section for an SFT is proposed, and the hydrodynamic performance of the parametric shape and circular SFT cross-section shape with roughness elements is compared. The pressure distribution along the SFT, flow separation and wake characteristics are analyzed to provide a systematic insight into the fundamental mechanism relating the roughness parameters and flow around an SFT. In order to better understand the nonlinear relationships among structural geometry, roughness parameters, flow states, and structural response, an artificial intelligence method using Random Forest (RF) for feature importance ranking is applied. The results show that with the parametric shape, the hydrodynamic forces on the fouled SFT can be effectively mitigated. The roughness height and coverage ratio affect the equivalent blockage and hence, change flow separation and recirculation length in the wake. Lower skewness of the roughness elements can increase the critical Re by changing the relative roughness parameter. Horizontal arrangement of the roughness elements on an SFT generally results in the largest hydrodynamic forces, compared to staggered and vertical distributions. Throughout the feature importance ranking, the flow regime is found to be the most important feature of the hydrodynamics of the SFT. In addition, the SFT cross-section shape and roughness coverage ratio play a dominant role.     

风机塔架与叶片相互作用的数值模拟(英文)

Numerical simulations of wind turbine blade-tower interaction by using the open source OpenFOAM tools coupled with arbitrary mesh interface(AMI) method were presented.The governing equations were the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) which were solved by the pimpleDyMFoam solver,and the AMI method was employed to handle mesh movements.The National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) phase VI wind turbine in upwind configuration was selected for numerical tests with different incoming wind speeds(5,10,15,and 25 m/s) at a fixed blade pitch and constant rotational speed.Detailed numerical results of vortex structure,time histories of thrust,and pressure distribution on the blade and tower were presented.The findings show that the wind turbine tower has little effect on the whole aerodynamic performance of an upwind wind turbine,while the rotating rotor will induce an obvious cyclic drop in the front pressure of the tower.Also,strong interaction of blade tip vortices with separation from the tower was observed.     

Multigrid fictitious boundary method for incompressible viscous flows around moving airfoils

In this paper, an efficient multigrid fictitious boundary method (MFBM) coupled with the FEM solver package FEATFLOW was used for the detailed simulation of incompressible viscous flows around one or more moving NACA0012 airfoils. The calculations were carried on a fixed multigrid finite element mesh on which fluid equations were satisfied everywhere, and the airfoils were allowed to move freely through the mesh. The MFBM was employed to treat interactions between the fluid and the airfoils. The motion of the airfoils was modeled by Newton-Euler equations. Numerical results of experiments verify that this method provides an efficient way to simulate incompressible viscous flows around moving airfoils.     

长江中游护滩工程边缘防冲促淤水草垫结构试验

通过分析航道整治护滩工程边缘防冲促淤结构不足,提出水草垫结构,并开展定床和动床模型试验,研究不同倒伏程度、不同布置形式、不同水动力条件下水草垫的防冲促淤效果。结果表明:当流速较小时叶片弯曲幅度较小;流速增加至0.3 m/s时,叶片弯曲幅度较大;流速增至0.73 m/s时,叶片弯幅度增加较小。叶片倒伏60°情况,水草垫稀疏布置,防护效果较好;倒伏75°情况,水草垫密集布置,其防护效果较好。当来流速度较大时,水草垫区域内有较大淤积幅度,但淤积范围明显缩窄,侧缘坡度较陡,防护效果并不理想。在此基础上,确定了水草垫结构。     

复合材料螺旋桨尾流场的数值模拟

为了分析复合材料螺旋桨的变形对桨后尾流场分布的影响,利用商业软件FLUENT和ANSYS有限元建立了一种流固耦合方法,基于此方法分析了桨叶变形对螺旋桨压力分布以及尾流场分布的影响。研究结果表明,变形后桨叶两侧压差增大;在螺旋桨尾流场中,变形对各速度分量周向分布的影响随半径增大而增大;在0.9R(R为螺旋桨半径)处,切向速度在变形后减小约30%,轴向诱导速度减小约20%,径向速度增值在0.1m/s内。变形后轴向速度低速度区域增大,径向速度正速度区域增大,叶根处切向速度增大,叶稍处切向速度减小。     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the flow around an oar blade

This article aims at verifying the capabilities of a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANSE) solver (ISIS-CFD, developed at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of Ecole Centrale de Nantes [LMF]) to accurately compute the flow around an oar blade and to deduce the forces on it and other quantities such as efficiency. This solver is structurally capable of computing the flow around any blade shape for any movement in six degrees of freedom, both when the blade pierces the free surface of the water and when it does not. To attempt a first validation, a computation was performed for a simplified case chosen among those for which experimental results are available at LMF. If results prove satisfactory for a simplified blade shape and for a movement that respects the main characteristics of blade kinematics, then the solver could be used for real oars and more realistic kinematics. First, the experimental setup is considered, and the objectives, methodologies, and procedures are elucidated. The choice of the test case for numerical validation is explained, i.e., a plane rectangular blade with a constant immersion and a specified movement deduced from analogy with tests on propellers. Next, the numerical framework is presented and the Navier-Stokes solver and methods for handling multifluid flows and moving bodies are described. Lastly, numerical results are compared with experimental data, highlighting an encouraging agreement and proving the relevance and the complementarity of both approaches.     

基于多目标遗传算法的复式转叶舵机结构优化

针对舰船转叶舵机运动时舵叶与水动力之间存在强力位耦合的问题,设计一种新型复式液压摆动缸转舵机构。为减小结构整体占地面积,基于多目标遗传算法(Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, MOGA)建立以复式摆动缸壳体内径、力矩解耦缸转子内径、驱动缸转子轮毂直径、动静叶片高度、动静叶片宽度和壳体厚度几何尺寸为设计变量的多目标优化模型。在使用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)求解非线性约束条件下的多变量优化问题时,通过设计罚函数,将适应度函数与约束条件分离以处理约束条件,根据设定的准则择优筛选最优尺寸参数。通过有限元软件ANSYS对摆动缸壳体、力矩解耦缸转子和驱动缸转子进行应力应变分析。结果表明,在满足结构强度、刚度和安全因数的前提下,复式摆动缸结构尺寸最优,验证优化后结构的可靠性。     

螺旋桨设计参数对桨叶片空泡性能的影响分析

文章基于扰动速度势面元法建立了在均流条件下螺旋桨桨叶片空泡数值预报方法,空泡模型采用压力恢复闭合模型。通过对5600TEU集装箱船螺旋桨空泡的数值预报,以及与试验结果的比较,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法能够较为快速准确地预报螺旋桨桨叶片空泡,可用于分析参数对螺旋桨空泡性能的影响,为抑制螺旋桨空化设计提供基础。在此基础上重点分析了桨叶侧斜、纵倾以及桨叶剖面型式对螺旋桨空泡性能的影响,计算表明加大侧斜能够减少空泡面积,空泡向外半径偏移;桨叶剖面的设计对空泡性能影响较大,优化设计桨叶剖面可以有效减少空泡面积,提高螺旋桨抗空化能力;纵倾向压力面弯曲的分布形式可以改善梢部的压力分布,减少叶梢附近空泡长度,从而可望减少由空泡引起的脉动压力。