A new rational-based optimal design strategy of ship structure based on multi-level analysis and super-element modeling method

A new multi-level analysis method of introducing the super-element modeling method, derived from the multi-level analysis method first proposed by O. F. Hughes, has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of high time cost in adopting a rational-based optimal design method for ship structural design. Furthermore,the method was verified by its effective application in optimization of the mid-ship section of a container ship. A full 3-D FEM model of a ship,suffering static and quasi-static loads, was used as the analyzing object for evaluating the structural performance of the mid-ship module, including static strength and buckling performance. Research results reveal that this new method could substantially reduce the computational cost of the rational-based optimization problem without decreasing its accuracy, which increases the feasibility and economic efficiency of using a rational-based optimal design method in ship structural design.     

采用遗传算法进行球鼻艏优化的流体动力计算(英文)

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) plays a major role in predicting the flow behavior of a ship.With the development of fast computers and robust CFD software,CFD has become an important tool for designers and engineers in the ship industry.In this paper,the hull form of a ship was optimized for total resistance using CFD as a calculation tool and a genetic algorithm as an optimization tool.CFD based optimization consists of major steps involving automatic generation of geometry based on design parameters,automatic generation of mesh,automatic analysis of fluid flow to calculate the required objective/cost function,and finally an optimization tool to evaluate the cost for optimization.In this paper,integration of a genetic algorithm program,written in MATLAB,was carried out with the geometry and meshing software GAMBIT and CFD analysis software FLUENT.Different geometries of additive bulbous bow were incorporated in the original hull based on design parameters.These design variables were optimized to achieve a minimum cost function of "total resistance".Integration of a genetic algorithm with CFD tools proves to be effective for hull form optimization.     

Prediction of Stabilization of Ship in Random Wave

In this paper we show thc method of energy in part with which we can get the model of random wave,and predict theroll motion of unstabilized ship and stabilized ship using the wave model.The control parameters of fin stabilizer are determinedaccording to the performance index. The simulation of the system is also made in this paper. The comparison of the simulationwith real ship indicates that the method can be used in the prediction of roll motion of a stabilized ship in random wave.     

航行于波浪中的肥大型船波浪增阻计算研究(英文)

Under the background of the energy saving and emission reduction, more and more attention has been placed on investigating the energy efficiency of ships. The added resistance has been noted for being crucial in predicting the decrease of speed on a ship operating at sea. Furthermore, it is also significant to investigate the added resistance for a ship functioning in short waves of large modern ships. The researcher presents an estimation formula for the calculation of an added resistance study in short waves derived from the reflection law. An improved method has been proposed to calculate the added resistance due to ship motions, which applies the radiated energy theory along with the strip method. This procedure is based on an extended integral equation (EIE) method, which was used for solving the hydrodynamic coefficients without effects of the irregular frequency. Next, a combined method was recommended for the estimation of added resistance for a ship in the whole wave length range. The comparison data with other experiments indicate the method presented in the paper provides satisfactory results for large blunt ship.     

用于海船精确驾驶的控制率动力修正研究(英文)

The objective of this work is the analytical synthesis problem for marine vehicles autopilots design.Despite numerous known methods for a solution,the mentioned problem is very complicated due to the presence of an extensive population of certain dynamical conditions,requirements and restrictions,which must be satisfied by the appropriate choice of a steering control law.The aim of this paper is to simplify the procedure of the synthesis,providing accurate steering with desirable dynamics of the control system.The approach proposed here is based on the usage of a special unified multipurpose control law structure that allows decoupling a synthesis into simpler particular optimization problems.In particular,this structure includes a dynamical corrector to support the desirable features for the vehicle’s motion under the action of sea wave disturbances.As a result,a specialized new method for the corrector design is proposed to provide an accurate steering or a trade-off between accurate steering and economical steering of the ship.This method guaranties a certain flexibility of the control law with respect to an actual environment of the sailing;its corresponding turning can be realized in real time onboard.     

船舶虚拟装配集成化建模方法研究(英文)

A new method of virtual ship assembly modeling which integrates ship three-dimensional design and ship construction planning was described in this paper. A workflow model of simulation modeling based on the virtual ship assembly process was also established; furthermore, a method of information transformation between the ship three-dimensional design and ship construction plan was formulated. To meet the requirements of information sharing between different systems in the ship virtual assembly, a simulation database was created by using the software engineering design method and the relational data model. With the application of this database, the information of ship three-dimensional design, construction planning, and virtual assembly can be integrated into one system. Subsequently, this new method was applied as a tool to simulate the virtual assembly of a ship, and the results guarantee its rationality and reliability.     

Hydrodynamic interactions between two bodies in waves in 3D time domain

In this paper, a 3D time domain technique is adopted to calculate the coupled hydrodynamic interaction between two bodies without flare in waves. For verifying the code, two same cylinders are selected to calculate coupled hydrodynamic effects by comparison with the results obtained by 3D frequency method which has been proved to be efficient for solving such problems. In order to improve efficiency of calculation, the effect of history time has been discussed, and an improved method is presented. Moreover, the effect of lateral separation distance is also discussed in detail. The technique developed here may serve as a more rigorous tool to analyze the related transient problems of two ships doing underway replenishment in waves.     

考虑到船舶机动性和会遇情况的一种新的面向船舶领域的船舶碰撞风险参数（英文）

The identification of ship collision risks is an important element in maritime safety and management. The concept of the ship domain has also been studied and developed since it was proposed. Considering the existing trend that the ship domain is increasingly widely used in collision risk-related research, a new domain-oriented collision risk factor, i.e., the current state of domain(CSD), is introduced in this paper, which can effectively reflect the current state and show a certain predictabil...     

舰船刚性阻振质量复合托板隔振特性优化设计(英文)

In considering the theory of structural dynamic optimization design, a design method of the structural style of ship composite brace with rigid vibration isolation mass was studied. Two kinds of structural dynamic optimization formulations minimizing the vibration acceleration of the non-pressure hull on the restraining condition of the gross weight of the ship cabin were established: 1) dynamic optimization of the sectional dimensions of the rigid vibration isolation mass in the composite brace; 2) dynamic optimization of the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass. Through the optimization results, sectional dimensions and the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass with better performance in reducing vibration were gained, and some reference was provided for practical engineering designs as well as enrichment of the design method of a novel ship vibration-isolation brace.     

基于粒子群算法的起重船扒杆结构优化设计

基于Isight优化软件和通用有限元软件,以扒杆重量为目标函数,采用粒子群算法（PSO）和遗传算法对某起重船扒杆结构进行了优化设计,并讨论了PSO算法的稳定性。通过对两种算法优化结果的比较分析表明,PSO算法优化效果好,收敛速度快,且计算稳定性高,验证了PSO算法在工程船舶结构优化设计中的有效性。     

Least-weight topology and size optimization of high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure by genetic algorithm

Selection of the “best” or “optimum” engineering design has always been a major concern of designers. Reduction of hull weight is the most important aim in the structural design of many ship types. But the ability of designers to produce optimal designs of ship structures is severely limited by the calculation techniques available for this task. Complete definition of the optimal structural design requires formulation of size–topology–shape–material optimization task unifying optimization problems from four areas and effective solution of the problem. So far a significant progress towards solution of this problem has not been achieved. In other hand in recent years attempts have been made to apply genetic algorithm (GA) optimization techniques to design of ship structures. An objective of the paper was to create a computer code and investigate a possibility of simultaneous optimization of both topology and scantlings of structural elements of large spatial sections of ships using GA. In the paper GA is applied to solve the problem of weight minimization of a high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure with several design variables as dimensions of the plate thickness, longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames and spacing between longitudinals and transversal members. Results of numerical experiments obtained using the code are presented. They show that GA can be an efficient optimization tool for simultaneous design of topology and sizing high speed craft structures.     

Multi-objective topology and size optimization of high-speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure by genetic algorithm

Ship structural design has become recently an ever more important and difficult task, because it should always take into account several estimation criteria which are a crucial element of shipyard management, as the hull structural strength is one of the most important factors of overall ship safety, and the total cost of structural materials used for the construction of a ship is a significant part of her total construction cost. Simultaneously, a complete definition of the optimal structural design requires a formulation of size-topology-shape-material optimization task unifying the optimization problems from these four areas and giving an effective solution of this problem. So far, a significant progress towards a solution of this problem has not been achieved. An objective of the underlying paper was to develop an evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective optimization of both topology and scantlings of structural elements of large spatial sections of ships. In the paper an evolutionary algorithm where selection takes place based on the scalar objective function is proposed and applied to solve the problem of structural elements weight and cleaned and painted surface area on a high-speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure with several design variables, such as plate thickness, scantlings of longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames, and spacing between longitudinal and transversal members. The results of numerical experiments with the use of the developed algorithm are presented. They show that the proposed genetic algorithm can be an efficient multi-objective optimization tool for simultaneous design of the topology and sizing of ship structures.     

晃荡要求对散货船压载舱结构的影响探讨

协调版共同结构规范（CSR-H）对散货船液舱的晃荡强度提出新的要求。针对散货船专用压载舱,通过对晃荡载荷的规范计算,并结合实船统计数据对比,探讨了基于CSR-H的晃荡要求对散货船专用压载舱结构设计的影响,包括有效晃荡长度、有效晃荡宽度和构件尺寸等。     

CSR-H对3.5万吨散货船的影响评估

以3.5万吨散货船实船为例,主要通过SDP规范计算和DSA有限元计算,校核CSR-H对该船结构尺寸和质量的影响。在规范计算方面,主要核算不同工况下的轻货舱、重货舱/风暴压载舱的弯曲强度、剪切强度、极限强度和剩余强度对主要结构尺寸的影响。同时,对重货舱同时兼做风暴压载舱第三货舱的所有区域进行屈服强度评估和屈曲强度评估。     

基于协调版共同结构规范的18万吨散货船结构设计

根据IACS2014年1月推出的CSR-H,对目前CSDC设计的18万吨散货船进行符合CSR-H设计。分别运用美国船级社的CA Stage 1程序和CSR-H Bulk Check Stage 2程序进行规范计算和有限元计算,给出满足CSR-H要求的货舱区结构重量对于CSR规范的增加量。主要内容如下：一、比较CSR-H与CSR对散货船要求的差异,分析CSR-H对散货船设计的影响。二、对货舱区各个横剖面进行规范计算,研究CSR-H对板材和型材尺寸的新要求,分析各结构部位与满足CSR船型结构存在差异的原因。三、应用直接计算法对全船货舱区进行屈服和屈曲强度评估,比较基于CSR-H要求的计算结果与CSR要求结构尺寸存在的差异。     

Influence of different topological variants on optimized structural scantlings of passenger ship

For a multi-deck ships with extensive superstructures (such as passenger and cruise ships, RoPax, mega yachts, etc.) the global structural response can be particularly complex. The influence of the superstructure to the primary strength for those multi-deck ships must be considered from an early design phase. Main global topological parameters (e.g. size of side openings, position and stiffness of longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, etc.) have dominant influence on the shape of hull girder stress distributions over the ship height. The Taguchi concepts and techniques (FFE, orthogonal arrays, ANOVA, etc.) could be used to systematically study influence of multiple topological parameters on the global structural response obtained by FEM analysis. It also enables rational identification of the most dominant parameters and provide designer with the near-optimal level of each topological parameter for the defined design objective. It has been demonstrated how different topological variants can lead to different optimal structural scantlings w. r.t chosen design objectives (mass, VCG, etc.), using simplified full ship 3D FE model of passenger ship as an example. Structural design software MAESTRO and in-house developed framework for the design support system DeMak – OCTOPUS Designer were used as a structural optimization tool. This paper aim to extend the standard scantling optimization by introducing topological aspects as a first STEP in overall optimization procedure.     

航行船舶在波浪中响应长期监测技术

船舶在运营中遭遇恶劣海况时结构可能会发生破坏,从而对船舶在海上航行的安全性产生严重影响.对航行船舶结构安全性的实时监测与评估是船舶设计研究人员非常关注的问题,它对船体结构的研究、设计和标准制定以及航行操作都有重要的意义.对研发成功的一套航行船舶在波浪中响应的长期监测系统(LOTEMS)及其在实船航行中的长期应用情况进行介绍和分析.该系统能对船体结构的总纵强度和局部强度、船舶6个自由度的运动模态以及船舶的加速度进行实时的跟踪测量和分析,可为船舶结构安全状态提供必要的警示信息,以便为船舶操作人员航行决策提供辅助依据.     

基于遗传算法的舰船舱段可靠性优化设计

遗传算法在引入动态自适应策略和"免疫算子"之后,其收敛效率有了较大的提高。对于以可靠性作为约束的随机结构系统优化问题,以罚函数法为基础,构造了有效的约束与目标函数向适应值函数的映射公式。建立合理的安全余量,采用随机有限元法处理结构分析中所涉及的有关参量的随机性,计算结构响应和敏度分析,并进行系统的可靠性计算。通过两种算法的结合,利用自适应免疫遗传算法、随机有限元法及可靠性的基本理论,建立了一套完整的基于遗传算法与随机有限元的结构系统可靠性优化设计方法。对舰船舱段结构梁系截面的优化计算结果表明,算法对多随机因素结构系统的可靠性优化具有良好的收敛效果。