表面强化后的柴油机汽缸套/活塞环配副性试验分析

为提高柴油机汽缸套/活塞环摩擦副的耐磨减摩性能,延长其使用寿命,文中对经表面强化后的汽缸套、活塞环进行配副,组成9对摩擦副,通过试验,分析比较各摩擦副的摩擦系数、磨痕宽度、失重3个参数,得出最佳配副性组合为:气环镀CrTiAlN/缸套激光淬火+渗硫.     

柴油机活塞—缸套磨损故障振动诊断机理的研究

通过对活塞组横向撞击的理论分析和活塞－缸套磨损故障的模拟试验，揭示了机身侧面振动的内部激励源及其与柴油机工况，活塞－缸套磨损间隙的内在联系，讨论了故障诊断中振动特征能量折优化选择问题，提出了和种适用于多种机型柴油机不同工况下活塞－缸套工作间隙的振动监测方法。     

泥沙颗粒对UHMWPE材料水润滑性能的影响规律

为研究船舶水润滑尾轴承材料超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）在含沙水质下的摩擦学性能,利用 CBZ-1摩擦磨损试验机进行试验。结果表明：在水润滑条件下,泥沙对试验材料的摩擦学性能有很大的影响,并且泥沙浓度对材料摩擦性能的影响大于泥沙粒度;材料的摩擦性能随着泥沙浓度的增加逐渐下降;泥沙粒度影响着摩擦副间的切应力和沙粒进入摩擦副间隙的难易程度。在泥沙粒度48μm/浓度1.2%的环境下,材料具有更加恶劣的摩擦学性能。适当提高滑动速度会加强摩擦副的润滑性能,但过高的速度会使泥沙颗粒严重破坏磨损表面;材料的摩擦性能随载荷的增大而逐渐恶化,在高载工况下的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

船用气胎摩擦离合器摩擦副瞬态热分析

利用动力学分析软件MSC.Adams和有限元软件MSC.Marc分别建立离合器摩擦副的动力学分析模型和有限元分析模型,分析径向偏移工况下离合器的动力学特性和摩擦副热机耦合特性。通过比较径向偏移工况与正常工况,分析由径向偏移引起的摩擦副接触状态变化将对离合器的传扭性能及摩擦副性能带来的影响。分析结果表明,轴线径向偏移对接合时间以及瞬态温升影响较大,而对传扭能力影响不大。     

大型液化气船泵塔振动特性试验研究

针对某型LNG船液化气封闭舱内的泵塔,采用不同方法进行振动特性测试分析。应用激振试验测试方法获得了某型LNG船泵塔结构的模态,同时通过船舶在航行中不同运行工况下的振动测试,也提取到了泵塔的振动模态特性。对这2种方法的测试结果进行比较,二者吻合良好。表明变工况振动测试方法能够识别结构的模态,尤其适用于难以开展激振试验场合的结构振动特性测量。     

大水位差架空直立式全直桩框架码头在水平撞击力作用下的破坏模式研究

针对内河大水位差架空直立式全直桩框架码头的结构型式,对多种水平集中荷载工况下的结构进行了推覆分析,得到了结构在不同工况下的水平极限承载力,并明确了对结构最不利的水平荷栽工况.同时对寸滩码头结构试验模型进行了最不利水平荷载工况作用下的破坏试验研究,通过数值计算结果与试验结果的对比分析,得到了结构构件的开裂荷栽以及水平极限承载力;明确了结构的破坏模式,弄清了结构的薄弱环节.     

波浪对平板结构冲击作用数值模拟

为研究波浪冲击特性,应用FLUENT软件建立了规则波与平板结构相互作用的二维数学模型,模型中采用RANS方程和κ-ε湍流模型,以VOF方法处理自由表面.对3种典型工况下的冲击过程进行数值模拟,验证了模型的可靠性,并确定冲击压峰值的平均值作为波浪冲击特性指标.通过大量的数值计算,分别对波陡、平板离开水面距离和板宽等因素对波浪冲击作用的影响进行了分析讨论,并与试验结果进行比较.     

大功率柴油机缸套减摩抗划伤技术研究

针对大功率柴油机缸套的划伤失效问题,研究了可以有效地提高缸套减摩抗划伤性能的新技术—离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合处理技术.对用该技术制备的离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合层在含硫添加剂润滑下进行的摩擦学性能研究结果表明,离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合层与含硫添加剂产生协同作用,使复合渗表面的摩擦系数和体积磨损量都明显降低.柴油机台架试验及舰船实航试验表明,该技术可有效地避免柴油机缸套因发生划伤、磨损而失效,延长柴油机的使用寿命.     

制造柴油机耐磨气缸套的新方法

为克服柴油机气缸套工作表面非均匀磨损,本文提出了制造耐磨气缸套的新方法。在缸套浇铸过程中,对其内表面沿轴线实施按预定规律变化的强制冷却,使缸套内表面的金相及强度各处都不相同,缸套上部硬度高,耐磨性强。试验表明用新方法浇铸的缸套耐磨能力大大提高,并能保持其正常的宏观几何形状,可使发动机工作寿命提高1.5～2.0倍,也使发动机其它性能参数得到改善。该方法简单易行,适于批量生产.     

采用相继增压技术的柴油机低工况性能研究

柴油机作为船用主机需满足全工况工作的性能要求,为了改善其低工况性能,对柴油机进行了相继增压系统的改造,达到了体积小、结构简单、易于维修、可靠性高的设计目的。在此基础上进行了相继增压柴油机的计算,确定了相继增压的切换点,并对改造后的柴油机进行了螺旋桨特性、限制特性、万有特性的试验研究,分析了柴油机1TC工况与2TC工况不同特性的动力性能与经济性能。     

FEM-based evaluation of friction and initial imperfections effects on sandwich pipes local buckling

Sandwich pipes have been studied as one option to overcome the high pressure problems in deep and ultra-deep waters. They have become a possible alternative solution for submarine infrastructure due to its thermal insulation capacity. This contribute to preventing the pipeline from clogging due to the difference in temperature between reservoir fluids and water at the bottom of the sea. The pipelines in ultra-deepwater are continually exposed to severe operating conditions, such as the effect of high levels of external pressure that can cause local deformation or even collapse of the pipe. Thus, a greater understanding of the mechanical behavior of sandwich pipes is required. This paper presents a FEM-based evaluation of friction and initial imperfection effects on sandwich pipes local buckling. The non-linear evaluation was carried out in FEM of local buckling of two sandwich pipes, with polypropylene and cement as filled annular material. The influence of initial imperfections and the degree of friction, between the annular material and the steel pipes, as well as geometric variations of the pipe were considered. The numerical simulations results indicate a capacity to withstand ultra-deep waters collapsing pressures, around 3000 m, either for polypropylene or cement filled annular material model. In addition, the results indicate that the collapse pressure is inversely proportional to the increase in annular thickness and directly proportional to the decrease in friction which have an impact and contribution on the carrying capacity of the sandwich pipe. Further research will consider a design of experiments analysis of reported effects for different diameter-to-thickness ratios.     

富宁港软岩桩基承载特性模型试验成果及数值分析

水库周期性蓄水调度,导致库岸软岩地基的工程力学特性发生较大变化,直接影响桩基承载性能的长期有效性.通过对4种不同工况地基模型下的桩基竖向承载特性进行试验研究,得出了软岩嵌岩桩的桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力特性.结合物理模型实测成果,采用数值模拟分析了3种工况下桩基竖向承载力、桩身轴力和桩侧摩阻力的变化趋势,为内河库区港口工程软岩桩基设计和承载能力评价提供理论依据.     

响应面法模拟轴肩和搅拌针形状对铝合金搅拌摩擦的影响(英文)

The present paper discusses the modeling of tool geometry effects on the friction stir aluminum welds using response surface methodology. The friction stir welding tools were designed with different shoulder and tool probe geometries based on a design matrix. The matrix for the tool designing was made for three types of tools, based on three types of probes, with three levels each for defining the shoulder surface type and probe profile geometries. Then, the effects of tool shoulder and probe geometries on friction stirred aluminum welds were experimentally investigated with respect to weld strength, weld cross section area, grain size of weld and grain size of thermo-mechanically affected zone. These effects were modeled using multiple and response surface regression analysis. The response surface regression modeling were found to be appropriate for defining the friction stir weldment characteristics.     

热老化对热塑性聚氨酯水润滑轴承材料的性能影响

为了探究老化对水润滑轴承材料摩擦性能的影响,本文选用典型的水润滑轴承材料热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）作为研究对象,依照GB/T3512-2014热加速老化标准对材料进行老化处理。所有的摩擦磨损试验均在CBZ-1船舶轴系摩擦磨损试验机上进行,综合运用超景深显微镜、接触式表面轮廓仪、电子扫描显微镜等多种表面测试技术手段探讨了磨损过程中热塑性聚氨酯试样表面的磨损特征,探讨了不同老化状态试样的磨损机理。试验结果表明：70 ℃老化120 h热塑性聚氨酯的平均摩擦系数降低了57.5%;90 ℃老化600 h热塑性聚氨酯的平均摩擦系数上升了32%;通过FT-IR和Raman分析,随着老化进行,氢键化氨酯基增多,少量氨酯基的C-N键断裂。复杂的化学变化改善了热塑性聚氨酯的有序结构,增加次晶和结晶度,摩擦系数降低;进一步老化造成大分子在应力集中处断裂,使部分柔性分子链脱离基体,摩擦性能恶化。     

Research on the pipeline walking caused by cyclic increasing soil friction for free deep-sea submarine pipelines laid on even seabed

Pipelines are important to offshore oil and gas development, but suffers from the pipeline walking phenomenon due to cyclic temperature variations—where large axial walking distances threaten the safety of pipeline systems. Current research indicates that pipeline walking is triggered by steel catenary riser (SCR) tension, seabed slopes, or thermal transients. This paper proposes a new driving mechanism for the pipeline walking phenomenon, involving cyclic hardening soil strength. The finite element analysis method was adopted to analyse the soil friction difference induced walking phenomenon, and the influence of key parameters on the gain in soil friction on walking distance was studied. Pipeline walking distances under different drainage conditions in the heating and cooling processes were also calculated, and the impact of the degree of drainage in the heating process was determined. To better understand the new pipeline walking mechanism, theoretical analysis of the walking behaviour under different cyclic soil friction conditions was carried out. Analytical solutions for estimating the pipeline walking distance were also provided, based on the simplified theoretical analysis.     

Numerical model of energy dissipation and shallow-water sloshing motions in tank under different coupled excitations

Shallow-water sloshing motions in a three-dimensional rectangular tank are investigated. The Boussinesq-type equations in terms of velocity potential and the finite-difference scheme are applied for the solutions of numerical model. Through linking the rate of decay of the wave amplitudes to the energy dissipation due to the friction at the tank walls, a linear damping term is proposed and added into the free surface boundary condition. Taking the tank under excited frequencies near the lowest natural frequency, the maximum transient wave amplitudes and steady-state wave amplitudes of sloshing motions at the tank wall are presented and verified by the experimental results given in the literature. The characteristics of sloshing motions in tank under different coupled excitations are studied. The results indicate that coupled surge-sway excitations lead to the weaker nonlinear sloshing motions in tank than the single degree of freedom excitations. The intersection of sloshing wave crest lines finally tend to the diagonal line of the tank under the coupled surge-sway excitations with different amplitudes. And the irregular free surface oscillations appear at the corners of the tank excited by the coupled surge-sway-roll-pitch-yaw harmonic motions.

     

干密度对黄土邓肯-张模型参数的影响

为研究黄土的工程力学特性,对土样进行不同初始条件的室内三轴试验。将试验结果用邓肯-张模型进行拟合分析,获得了太原地区黄土的邓肯-张模型参数及其随干密度变化的规律。结果表明,随着干密度增大,黄土的抗剪强度、黏聚力和内部摩擦角都有增大趋势,切线弹性模量和体积变形模量迅速增加,初始干密度大的试样表现出剪胀和应变软化现象。试验所得参数可供黄土地区工程设计参考。     

坦墙上土压力计算探讨

为寻求坦墙条件下土压力计算方法,建立坦墙土压力判别式,给出不同情况下坦墙主动土压力计算公式。对于填土水平时的坦墙,可采用朗肯理论或库伦理论计算土压力,前者计算简单方便,后者计算复杂;当填土面倾角等于土的内摩擦角时,由于墙背临界倾角等于零,即第2滑动面为通过墙踵的垂直面,因此,对于俯斜式挡土墙,无论墙背的倾角多大,须按坦墙情况计算土压力。     

海洋污损对船体摩擦阻力影响的预测方法

海洋污损对船体阻力具有严重的不利影响.文章将海洋污损归类到船体粗糙度的范畴内,基于边界层积分法研究了污损对船体摩擦阻力影响的预测方法.通过对光滑平板摩擦阻力系数的计算验证了积分法的准确性.然后采用积分法对美军FFG-7舰在3种钙质污损状况下的摩擦阻力系数进行了计算,计算结果与国外学者的研究结论吻合得较好,说明了积分法预测污损对船体摩擦阻力的影响具有可行性,且准确性较高.最后将积分法在FFG-7舰的计算结果与1957-ITTC公式及其粗糙度补贴系数ΔCf进行了对比,结果表明ITTC提出的ΔCf公式不适于表征污损对船体阻力的影响.     

超厚软土层条件下码头超长摩擦桩分析

福建霞浦核电厂大件码头拟建位置具有40～50 m的超厚软土层,码头桩基采用的超长摩擦桩的桩-土间相互作用较短桩和中长桩相比更为复杂,很多问题均属设计规范的临界模糊范围。采用有限元法对超长桩在水平和竖向荷载作用下的位移、内力和侧摩阻力进行全面的计算分析,总结超厚软土层中超长摩擦桩的桩身节点水平位移和内力的分布趋势:对于超长摩擦桩,同一土层分层提供侧摩阻力更加合理,且泥面50 m以下的桩侧摩阻力会随着土层深度的增加继续增长,增长速率较50 m以上更快。