基于服役寿命的海工结构耐久性评定

根据某海港泊位码头及引桥结构构件的使用要求,将混凝土表面出现可接受最大外观损伤作为待估结构构件的耐久性极限状态,提出采用现场实测数据进行海工结构耐久性服役寿命评估.分析海洋环境下影响结构服役寿命的因素,采用现场检测数据推算各构件的耐久性参数(混凝土表面氯离子浓度、钢筋处氯离子浓度、氯离子扩散系数等).耐久性寿命评估结果与现场调查检测结果一致.保护层厚度、保护层中氯离子浓度及混凝土等级的实测.混凝土表面氯离子浓度、钢筋表面氯离子浓度及钢筋锈蚀临界氯离子浓度等的推算与选取是耐久性寿命评估的关键因素.     

华东地区某海港码头结构耐久性调查与分析

氯盐侵蚀是码头构件结构破坏的主要原因之一,华东地区某海港服役15 a码头的结构耐久性调查结果显示,虽然该码头构件的力学性能和保护层厚度基本满足设计要求,但桩帽、横梁和纵梁构件已遭受氯盐侵蚀,产生锈涨裂缝,且各构件混凝土抗氯盐侵蚀能力存在一定差别,其中大直径管桩具有较高的耐久性.     

35%荷载、冻融循环对混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响

采用盐湖卤水分别进行长期浸泡、冻融循环、浸泡-35％荷载腐蚀试验,定期检测了混凝土不同深度的自由氯离子含量,应用二维氯离子扩散定律和Fick第二定律计算了混凝土氯离子扩散系数和混凝土的寿命寿命,分析了水灰比和试验环境对表面氯离子扩散系数的影响。结果表明,氯离子扩散系数随着水灰比的增大而增大,与长期浸泡相比,冻融循环和施加35％荷载都加速了混凝土表面氯离子扩散系数,冻融循环的效果更明显,在盐湖环境下采用高强混凝土是提高混凝土耐久性的有效方法。     

海港码头氯离子侵蚀环向分布规律研究*

对乍浦港圆形混凝土柱进行取粉检测,研究氯离子侵蚀的环向变异性。根据乍浦港的风况、波况,计算圆形截面混凝土柱在各个方位的累积风速、累积风压和波浪压强的环向分布。并通过灰关联分析得到了累积风速、累积风压和波浪压强与表面氯离子浓度、扩散系数之间的关联度。累积风压由于考虑了贝努利效应,比累积风速更能反映真实情况。为建立海港码头相似理论及耐久性评估体系提供依据。     

沿海区域码头混凝土构件检测实例分析

本文结合某突堤码头开展混凝土保护层厚度、碳化深度、钢筋腐蚀电位、抗氯离子渗透性等耐久性指标的检测,系统分析了该突堤码头在使用过程中发生的构件劣化及混凝土腐蚀等情况,并结合《港口水工建筑物检测与评估技术规范》中相关规定,对劣化混凝土构件进行寿命预测,为海港水工建筑物耐久性评价积累了丰富经验和参考依据。     

氯盐环境条件下混凝土氯离子侵蚀模型及其研究进展

通过对钢筋混凝土氯离子腐蚀机理的分析,综合讨论氯盐环境条件下影响混凝土氯离子侵蚀的各种机理。总结国内外对混凝土氯离子侵蚀模型的最新研究进展,并分析评价了考虑多种机理氯离子侵蚀模型的特点和适用条件,为氯盐环境条件下混凝土的耐久性评估提供参考。     

恒定荷载对海工高性能混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

通常混凝土构件均处于受力状态,而对自由状态的混凝土试件开展耐久性研究很难真实地反映出混凝土构件的耐久性状况。本研究采用施加恒定压荷载和弯曲荷载的方式,研究荷载对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。结果表明:混凝土试件纯受弯段的氯离子浓度随弯曲应力水平的提高而增大,且混凝土内的氯离子渗透深度随应力水平的增加而增大。试件距暴露面相同深度处的氯离子浓度随着压应力水平的提高先减少后增大。混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数随压应力水平提高而先减少后增大,压应力水平较低时可提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能。对于典型的海洋工程高性能混凝土配合比,混凝土试件的弯曲应力与其恒定荷载影响因子之间呈近似指数函数关系,在混凝土结构耐久性设计中应考虑弯曲荷载对氯离子扩散系数的影响。     

大管桩现场取样分析与耐久性研究

采用现场取样与室内化学分析相结合的方法,研究海洋环境下大管桩的耐久性能。通过对深圳、连云港和宁波3个地区服役1~17 a的大管桩展开耐久性调查,同时在潮差区和浪溅区的桩身混凝土钻芯取样,采用化学分析的方法测试不同深度混凝土中的氯离子含量,计算混凝土氯离子扩散系数,进而经统计分析得出桩身混凝土的腐蚀参数。通过对比研究桩身混凝土与桩帽节点混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能的差异,研究裂缝对氯离子渗透的影响及大管桩接头处FRP包覆层对接头耐久性的影响。取样研究过程中未发现任何箍筋和主筋锈蚀的现象,服役10~15 a的大管桩箍筋表面氯离子浓度在0.1%~0.2%,箍筋表面光洁如新。     

基于检测数据的钢筋混凝土氯离子侵蚀寿命预测

在对已建多年的钢筋混凝土码头结构检测的基础上,通过分析海工混凝土强度的经时变化,使用混凝土的检测强度值来估计其水灰比;通过检测数据获得能够体现混凝土构件差异性的扩散系数变化的综合系数;使用经检测数据拟合得到的表观表面氯离子浓度进行混凝土氯离子侵蚀寿命计算。最后使用某一码头检测数据,预测该码头氯离子侵蚀剩余寿命。     

现役海港码头钢筋混凝土受弯构件承载力评估方法

在分析钢筋锈蚀造成钢筋混凝土构件力学性能退化的基础上,根据海港码头混凝土构件中钢筋锈蚀规律及混凝土保护层锈胀裂缝宽度与钢筋锈蚀深度的关系,建立了混凝土保护层锈胀开裂前和锈胀开裂后现役海港码头钢筋混凝土受弯构件承载力评估模型,可为现役海港码头钢筋混凝土结构耐久性评估及构件修复决策提供理论依据。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

某海港码头的撞损修复

依据码头撞击受损区域调查检测结果,对受损构件提出合理的修复方案,为码头的安全运行提供保障。