海洋平台结构系统疲劳可靠性分析方法

本文研究了海洋平台结构系统疲劳可靠性评估方法。文中对平台结构简生管节点疲劳可靠性分析模型进行了简单的评述，在该模型的基础上，建立了用S－N曲线模型与断裂力学模型分别计算平台完好管节点及有初始裂纹管节点疲劳寿命的平告结构系统疲劳可靠性分析模型。作为一个算例，文中运用作者开发的程序系统，对一固定式导管架平台进行了疲劳可靠性计算。     

疲劳累积损伤下海洋平台加强管节点的可靠性分析

对疲劳累积损伤下海洋平台加强管节点的强度衰减进行了分析,得到了疲劳载荷和冲剪载荷作用下加强管节点各失效模式的当量寿命。在此基础上,综合考虑了冲剪载荷和疲劳载荷的相互作用,建立了节点寿命安全余量方程,计算了节点的可靠性指标和失效概率。通过算例计算了某导管架上一加强管节点在服役一定年限后,在地震和正常服役情况下的强度可靠性,以此判断节点加强环的选择尺寸是否满足要求。分析表明,提出的分析和计算是符合工程实际的,它为加强管节点在同时考虑冲剪失效和疲劳失效作用时的可靠性分析提供了一个合理方法。     

轴力作用下T节点焊缝周围的平均应力分布

平均应力模型法是评价海洋平台中管节点疲劳寿命的一种方法,这种方法认为节点的疲劳寿命是由热点应力幅值和焊缝周围的应力分布确定的。管节点焊缝周围应力分布通过一个平均应力分布参数AVS描述。本文研究了轴力作用下T节点的AVS大小,通过对127个不同几何参数的T节点模型的计算,调查了几何参数对AVS的影响,提出了用于计算AVS的参数方程,从而完善了传统的平均应力模型,为轴力作用下T节点的疲劳寿命计算提供了一种快速而高效的方法。     

BINGO9000半潜式钻井平台疲劳强度分析

本文对BIGO9000半潜式钻井平台进行了疲劳强度分析。首先，建立了该平台整体三维有限元模型，结合北海波浪长期分布资料，计算了72种波浪载荷工况下的整体结构应力，为管节点结构局部应力分析提供边界条件。其次，建立管节点避部有限元模型进行疲劳强度分析。在计算管节点结构应力范围时，本文应用热点应力法，并根据DNV规范提供的S－N曲线，以及Miner线性劳累积损伤准则计算管节点结构的疲劳寿命。本文提出给出一些有意义的结论，为国内外后同类半潜式钻井平台的设计和建造提供了宝贵的技术依据。     

基于改进子模型技术的TLP平台疲劳分析

研究适用于TLP平台的疲劳分析方法。首先建立TLP平台的整体结构模型,运用基于累积损伤理论的疲劳谱分析法,根据整体分析初步确定TLP平台疲劳关键节点位置,即疲劳敏感部位。然后建立疲劳敏感部位的中间模型与精细子模型,运用改进的子模型技术分析计算得到关键节点的热点应力,并根据疲劳谱分析法计算关键节点的疲劳寿命,并将之与传统子模型技术的计算结果比较。分析表明,改进的子模型技术比传统方法的应力计算结果更加精确,有利于得到更加真实的疲劳寿命计算结果。     

大型开敞式深水码头导管架结构管节点的疲劳分析

结合大连新港新建30万吨级(兼靠45万t)进口原油码头工程,以导管架结构为研究对象,阐述该结构管节点的疲劳计算方法,并计算开敞式码头导管架结构中管节点的疲劳寿命.结果表明管节点的疲劳寿命满足相应规范的要求,可为实际工程设计提供参考.     

高强度螺栓连接节点疲劳性能研究

通过断裂力学方法建立循环荷载作用下节点的疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型,根据现行规范对相应节点疲劳性能的分类和质量要求,确定摩擦型高强度螺栓连接节点疲劳裂纹扩展速率计算参数,在此基础上分析节点构造对节点疲劳性能的影响,提出了提高节点疲劳强度、延长节点疲劳寿命的设计构造建议。     

内环加强管节点疲劳性能研究

本文对无加强和内环加强管节点的应力分布、应力集中系数和疲劳性能进行了试验研究和理论分析。研究结果表明，内环加强能大幅度降低管节点的应力集中系数，改善应力分布状况，并能较大地提高管节点的疲劳寿命。应力集中系数降低的幅度和疲劳寿命提高的程度与加强环的几何尺度有关。研究结果为改善管节点的疲劳性能及管节点的结构优化提供了理论和实践依据。     

W10-3平台结构强度与疲劳分析

本文对Ｗ１０－３导管架海上采油平台结构进行了整体静力分析，根据ＡＩＳＣ／ＡＰＩ－ＲＰ２Ａ １７５Ｈ的设计规范对各构件进行了许用应力校核，对结构节点段进行了冲剪应务校核。并对导管架结构进行了疲劳分析和寿命算，计算了关键管节点和典型有初始裂纹管节点的疲劳寿命。为海上采油平台安全运营提供了科学依据。     

一种新的海洋平台管节点应力评估方法

海洋工程焊接管节点受应力集中及复杂随机载荷的联合作用,容易发生疲劳破坏。为了提高焊接管节点结构疲劳寿命预测的准确性,文章以管壁厚方向上的一点作为疲劳评估点,提出了一种新的管节点结构应力计算方法。通过与国际上公开发表的疲劳试验数据进行比较,证明了文中方法应用于管节点结构的可行性及考虑壁厚方向应力梯度的有效性。基于数值计算,文中还提出了可用于T型管节点应力集中系数计算的参数公式,并对参数公式的精度进行了验证。     

Finite element simplified fatigue analysis method for a non-tubular joint of an offshore jacket platform

This paper proposes the finite element simplified fatigue analysis method for fatigue evaluation of the composite non-tubular joint structure of an offshore jacket subjected to wave loads. The skirt pile sleeve of the offshore jacket, which had been in service, was taken as an example of the non-tubular joint structure. SACS software was used for global analysis of multi-directional wave loads for the jacket platform, and ALGOR software was used to build a finite element model, perform finite element analysis, post-process stress results for acquiring the stress range, and perform fatigue evaluation. The analysis results indicate that the extreme stress range is within the allowable stress range and meets the requirements of DNV code. That means the simplified fatigue analysis method is effective and can be used in fatigue design for the non-tubular joint structure of an offshore jacket.     

Finite Element Simplified Fatigue Analysis Method for a Non-tubular Joint of an Offshore Jacket Platform

This paper proposes the finite element simplified fatigue analysis method for fatigue evaluation of the composite non-tubular joint structure of an offshore jacket subjected to wave loads. The skirt pile sleeve of the offshore jacket, which had been in service, was taken as an example of the non-tubular joint structure. SACS software was used for global analysis of multi-directional wave loads for the jacket platform, and ALGOR software was used to build a finite element model, perform finite element analys...     

On stress concentration factors for tubular Y- and T-Joints in frame structures

This paper is written as a result of some years experience with fatigue analysis of offshore jacket structures where the connections are made as tubular joints. The hot spot stresses at the tubular joints in such analysis are normally derived based on parametric equations for stress concentration factors. These stress concentration factors are normally related to the axial force in the brace. It is observed that the hot spot stresses at the crown positions of the tubular joint in some cases are significantly affected by the local loading on the chord and the bending moment in the chord. In order to use the existing formulae in these cases some engineering effort is required to derive correct hot spot stress. This work can be avoided by using the nominal stress in the chord as the basis for calculating the hot spot stress at the crown position instead of using the axial force in the brace as basis for the analysis. This also extends the validity of the equations for stress concentration factors for T- and Y- joints in design standards. The proposed modification makes it also simpler to include the effect of joint flexibility in a proper way. The basis for a proposed revision of the equations for stress concentration factors for these joints is presented in this paper. It is considered that this modification leads to minor changes of the computer code, but that it will save analysis work for engineers and reduce the possibility of calculating incorrect fatigue lives in tubular frame structures.     

Local joint flexibility element for offshore plateforms structures

A large number of offshore platforms of various types have been installed in deep or shallow waters throughout the world. These structures are mainly made of tubular members which are interconnected by using tubular joints. In tubular frames, joints may exhibit considerable flexibility in both elastic and plastic range of response. The resulting flexibility may have marked effects on the overall behavior of offshore platforms.This paper investigates the effects of joint flexibility on local and global behavior of tubular framed structures in linear range of response. A new joint flexibility element is developed on the basis of flexibility matrix and implemented in a finite-element program to account for local joint flexibility effects in analytical models of tubular framed structures. The element formulation is considerably easy and straightforward in comparison with other existing tubular joint elements. It was concluded that developed flexible joint model produces accurate results comparing to sophisticated multi-axial finite element joint models.     

轴力作用下X型焊接管节点热点应力的分布规律

海洋平台中的焊接管节点的疲劳寿命是由热点应力的大小和分布决定。热点应力的大小决定了管节点在疲劳失效前所能承受的循环荷载的次数,而热点应力的位置则决定了疲劳裂纹的萌生位置和扩展方式。文中采用有限元方法分析了承受轴向拉力作用的X型焊接管节点在焊缝周围的热点应力的分布情况,通过对112个X节点进行的模型分析,研究了节点几何参数对热点应力大小和分布规律的影响。     

Structural behavior and design of high-strength steel welded tubular connections under extreme loading

The present work is motivated by the increasing need for cost-efficient solutions in offshore structural systems for wind energy production and for improvement of their structural performance. The structural behavior and design of high-strength steel welded tubular connections (yield strength higher than 700 MPa) subjected to monotonic and strong cyclic loading is investigated. In the first part of the paper, an experimental investigation is presented on high-strength steel tubular X-joints subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading far beyond the elastic limit of the material, leading to weld fracture. Two grades of weld metal material are employed in the welding process of the specimens. The experimental results indicate that the weld material grade has a significant influence on the deformation capacity of the welded connection under monotonic loading conditions, and its low-cycle fatigue life. The experimental procedure is simulated using advanced finite element models, elucidating several features of joint behavior and complementing the experimental results. Overall, a good agreement is found between numerical simulations and experimental results, in terms of both global response and local strains at the vicinity of the welds. Furthermore, the structural performance of the welded tubular joints under consideration is assessed using available design methodologies in terms of both ultimate strength and low-cycle fatigue resistance, in an attempt to validate an efficient design methodology for low-cycle fatigue. The results from this research effort are aimed at developing the necessary background for the possible use of high-strength steel in tubular steel lattice structures, particularly in offshore platforms for renewable energy production. They can also be used as a basis for the possible amendment of relevant design specifications and recommendations for including special provisions for high-strength steel structural systems.     

Review of empirical and semi-empirical Y factor solutions for cracked welded tubular joints

The practical use of fracture mechanics has been established for use on large turbine and electric generator rotor components used in the atomic power generation and the aircraft industry. Application areas in the offshore industry have also been identified. Fracture mechanics is currently used at the design stage of offshore facilities. It provides the basis for fatigue life prediction, steel selection and tolerance setting on allowable weld imperfections. Fracture mechanics is also used during the operational stage of a structure to make important decisions on inspection scheduling and repair strategies and as a tool for establishing limits on operational conditions. Linear elastic fracture mechanics relies on the use of the stress intensity factor concept. The stress intensity factor is a very important fracture mechanics parameter. Therefore, the accuracy of any fracture mechanics model for the prediction of fatigue crack growth in offshore structures for example will depend very much on the accuracy of the stress intensity factor solution used. Several empirical and semi-empirical solutions have been developed over the years with varying degrees of accuracy. This paper presents a review of some of these methods and attempts to assess their accuracy in predicting Y factors for welded tubular joints by comparing predicted results with experimental data obtained from fatigue tests conducted on large scale welded tubular joints. The experimental results were conducted under simulated service conditions, using a jack-up offshore standard load history (JOSH). A comparison between the experimental and predicted results shows that there may be other factors, which influence fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude conditions. Some of these factors have been identified and discussed in this paper.     

一种基于冰载荷引起的船体结构疲劳损伤分析方法

目前对基于冰载荷引起的船体结构强度问题已经发展的较为成熟,但是基于冰载荷引起的结构疲劳强度的研究比较少。针对该问题,如果有一种简化方法来指导早期的结构设计,对船舶设计者来说是很有现实意义的。本文对英国劳氏船级社发布的ShipRight FDA ICE_^[1]作概括性的介绍,旨在向读者介绍这一简单而高效的评估方法以及技术背景和注意要点等。最后文章根据这一方法给出数条油船和LNG船的算例,并验证通过该方法改善疲劳节点的可行性。