基于事故树分析方法的内河引航安全研究

随着内河运输的快速发展,船舶交通流的增加,引航安全已成为航运界的热门研究课题。为了改善和提高内河船舶引航作业安全,本文在分析内河船舶引航作业影响因素的基础上,深入剖析导致引航事故的原因,结合长江水域引航作业实际情况和特点,借助事故树分析法(FTA)对常见的事故进行定性分析。最后,针对可能导致引航事故的原因,根据安全系统工程的理论,为内河船舶安全引航提出应对措施和合理的建议。     

“中远釜山”轮碰撞大桥事故分析与反思

海损事故案例分析是船舶安全管理研究的一种方式。为了破断与引航员相关的事故链,避免类似事故的发生,详细分析了"中远釜山"轮碰撞海湾大桥事故的海事报告。海事报告显示事故发生的原因之一是由于当事引航员的工作疏忽和不严谨的工作态度。引航员应当从这起事故中吸取教训,充分重视引航的重要性,端正工作态度,以确保引航安全。     

铜鼓航道夜间引航风险及安全保障措施

待铜鼓航道二期扩建工程的验收后,铜鼓航道夜间引航也将提上日程,本文从深圳港西部港区的自然环境与通航环境入手,通过事故链中的人、船和环境三要素来分析铜鼓航道夜航存在的风险。并在此基础上提出了铜鼓航道夜间安全引航的保障措施和建议,给铜鼓航道夜航船舶的驾引人员提供参考。     

引航作业中应对船舶失控事故的几点思考

<正>近年来,港口水域船舶失控事件频发,船舶失控一直是引发水上交通事故和污染事故的重大安全隐患,已引起海事部门和引航机构的高度重视。交通运输部海事局和中国引航协会要求各地海事部门和引航机构按月上报船舶失控统计数据,定期进行原因分析并制订相应的预防措施。     

烟台港大型船舶引航操纵难点

船舶引航是港口生产中的重要活动,而大型船舶由于其操纵性能特点,引航难度大。本文就大型船舶由于其自身原因、遇到突发情况以及自然环境等造成的船舶引航操纵难点问题进行了分析,并根据实践经验和相关理论知识,针对性地提出了相关应对措施。     

引航员、船长与船舶港内航行安全

讨论了船长与引航员的法律责任、权利、职责和义务，船舶到港的引航准备以及船舶进出港口的引航，阐述了船长与引航员之问复杂的法律关系、引航员登离船事故的预防和发生引航员误操作时船长未能及时纠正的原因，指出了引航员在船引航过程中为确保船舶安全应采取的积极、有效、实用的措施。     

关于FSA在船舶引航风险评估中的应用探讨

通过将FSA和船舶引航风险评估作为主要研究对象,通过重点分析研究船舶引航风险评估当中FSA的实际应用,在结合船舶引航作业的实际特点以及相关数据,提出通过对衡准船舶引航风险因素,在船舶引航事故中存在的引航风险基础上建立起相应的风险矩阵并衡准风险,从而有效验证FSA对于精准评估船舶引航风险具有极高的应用价值。     

引航性质和责任问题分析

<正>0 引言引航是港口运行中不可缺少的一个重要环节,涉及港口、船舶等公共设施安全,引航权是体现国家主权的事务之一。由于各种原因,引航员在船期间被引船舶发生事故造成损失时,引航员应该负何等责任,责任大小如何确定,船长和引航员在事故中的责任关系等,目前我国没有明晰的法律依据可循。现行做法是无论谁的责任,事故造成的经济损失一般由保险公司赔偿。在引航过程中因引航员过失而发生引航事故后,其相应责任的认定和归责却一直存在分歧。     

船舶引航实践中船舶领域理论的应用探析

本文基于融合船舶领域理论和船舶引航实践的基础上,通过分析明确船舶领域中的主要影响因素,并根据藤井狭水道船舶领域模型,详细分析船舶领域大小,力求明确船舶驾驶引导人员在船舶驾驶引航当中的实际应用,从而实现安全、合理的船舶航行,降低碰撞等危险事故的发生。     

船舶引航决策系统的实现

为了简化船舶引航的业务流程，提高引航效率，采用分层模型的方法建立了船舶引航调配模型和系统，并进一步探讨了引航的路由优化、船次优化及其规范化处理、权系数的确定、船次链的确定和船次方案的综合排序，最后实现了引航调配计划的自动生成。     

Determinants of the damage cost and injury severity of ferry vessel accidents

This study investigates determinants of the property damage cost and injury severity of ferry vessel accidents. Detailed data of individual ferry vessel accidents for the 11-year timeperiod 1991–2001 that were investigated by the U.S. Coast Guard are used to estimate ferry-vessel accident property damage cost and injury severity equations. Tobit regression is used to estimate the former equation and the ordered probit model is used to estimate the latter. Property damage costs include damage costs to the vessel itself, its cargo and contents, and other-property damage (e.g., damage to pier structures and waterfront facilities). Injury severity for a ferry vessel accident is measured as an ordinal variable — no injuries, non-fatal injuries and fatal injuries. Damage cost and injury severity of individual ferry vessel accidents are expressed as functions of the type of vessel accident, vessel characteristics, vessel operation phase, weather/visibility conditions, type of waterway, type of vessel propulsion, type of vessel hull construction and cause of vessel accident. The property damage estimation results suggest that allision, collision and fire ferry vessel accidents incur more vessel property damage cost per vessel gross ton than other types of accidents. The injury severity estimation results suggest that injury severity is greater when the ferry vessel accident is caused by human error as opposed to vessel and environmental factors.     

海上船舶碰撞事故原因探讨——侥幸心理的剖析

引起事故的原因有很多,如设备的因素、环境的因素、人的因素等,其中人的因素除了生理因素,还有心理因素,而心理因素则往往是造成事故的主要原因.人的行为是受其心理状态支配的,事故发生前人的心理状态是复杂多样的,其中侥幸心理侥幸心理是引发事故的普遍原因.通过几起典型的船舶碰撞事故案例,对船舶驾驶人员的侥幸心理进行了剖析,引导人们要培育积极的心理状态,以减少人为差错而导致的船舶碰撞事故.     

台湾海峡水域搁浅事故的方差分析

船舶搁浅事故造成的经济损失和海洋环境污染是台湾海峡水域主要危害之一.为减少搁浅事故的发生,使台湾海峡水域的船舶航行更安全、海洋环境更清洁,以台湾海峡水域搁浅事故为例,在统计分析船舶搁浅事故特征的基础上,选用方差分析法对搁浅事故因素相关性和差异性进行了系统的分析.提出了台湾海峡水域搁浅事故中人为因素所占比例最高,水深不足...     

Risk analysis of maritime accidents along the main route of the Maritime Silk Road: a Bayesian network approach

ABSTRACT

The safety of maritime transportation along the twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) is important to ensure its development and sustainability. Maritime transportation poses risks of accidents that can cause the death or injury of crew members and damage to ships and the environment. This paper proposes a Bayesian network (BN) based risk analysis approach that is newly applied in the main route of the MSR to analyse its relevant maritime accidents. The risk data are manually collected from the reports of the accident that occurred along the MSR. Next, the risk factors are identified and the results from the modelling method can provide useful insights for accident prevention. Historical data collected from accident reports are used to estimate the prior probabilities of the identified risk factors influencing the occurrence of maritime accidents. The results show that the main influencing factors are the type and location of an accident and the type, speed, and age of the involved ship(s). In addition, scenario analysis is conducted to analyse the risks of different ships in various navigational environments. The findings can be used to analyse the probability of each possible maritime accident along MSR and to provide useful insights for shipowners’ accident prevention.     

人为失误与海上事故发生的机理分析

海上事故的发生与航海人员在完成航行任务和处理海上风险过程中的能力有非常密切的关系。保障此过程中的行为能有效地完成成为关键，而航海人员完成任务的能力又直接受到人为失误的影响，也就是说，人为失误的发生直接降低了人的处理能力，使航行任务归于失败。现从行为学的观点对人为失误的发生进行了初步的分析，寻求减少人为失误发生的途径。并从统计学的观点解释了由人为失误引起的海上事故发生的原因。     

水上交通事故致因理论探讨

在对比国际上有代表性的事故致因理论的基础上提出水上交通事故致因理论,认为水上交通事故的本质原因在于水上交通安全管理体系的缺陷,并通过案例进行验证。     

8M601型船舶主机抱轴事故分析

文章介绍了8M601型船舶主机抱轴事故的经过,并就主机抱轴事故原因进行了分析,此次主机抱轴事故纯属人为事故,警示船东要切实地执行ISM规则,以防止类似事故的发生。     

多用途杂货船载运原木沉船事故分析

承运原木的多用途杂货船,近年来连续发生沉船事故,事故的发生已不是孤立的一件事故,而是有着内在联系的一类事故。事故的发生有外在的恶劣气象海况原因,更有船舶本身的原因。有货物的原因,更有装载的原因。有装卸的原因,更有船舶结构的原因。总之,事故的发生不是偶然的,而是长期生产营运中船舶疲劳过度的必然结果。     

The subjective measurement of seafarers’ fatigue levels and mental symptoms

Human error is the most important factor causing many ship accidents in maritime industry despite advanced technology and international regulations. Fatigue in seafarers is a well-known problem and a serious cause of ship accidents. There are many factors unique to the marine environment raising the potential for fatigue at sea. Due to the difficulties in measuring human fatigue and also in suggesting fatigue to be a root cause of accident, it is important to devise methods to detect and quantify the fatigue and mental symptoms. In this study, ‘Piper Fatigue Scale’ (PFS) has been used for measuring fatigue level and ‘Symptom Checklist 90- Revised’ (SCL-90-R) for detecting the severity of mental symptoms. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. According to the results of PFS analysis, a slight degree of fatigue is detected in all sub-dimensions of the scale. According to the results of SCL-90-R analysis, the distress of mental symptoms perceived by seafarers is not generally highly detected. In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to determine, by using subjective measurements, the fatigue level and mental symptoms among seafarers caused by working conditions on-board.     

从两起缆绳事故引发的教训

文中通过对两起船员违章操作而导致缆绳伤人事件的调查,指出船员的安全意识薄弱和技能欠缺是导致事件发生的根本原因,强调工作中任何懈怠都可能导致事故发生,总结了为防止类似事件的发生应吸取的教训。