The Reimplementation of the Ra'ui: Coral Reef Management in Rarotonga,Cook Islands

This research focuses on coral reef health in the South Pacific region, an area of high global coral diversity. Coral reef health surrounding two study sites in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, has been assessed in areas that have not been previously surveyed. Each study site has distinct differences based upon marine management practices. Marine management practices are identified and described and some historical reasons as why they exist are discussed. Data are also presented on the ecological condition (coral coverage, number of coral species, clonal condition, disease, and presence and absence of bioindicators). This interdisciplinary research methodology includes both ecological and social data collection to further understand human- environment interactions. In comparing the reefs with different management practices, I argue that the implementation of traditional marine social institutions as exemplified in this case study of the Ra'ui in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, is an effective conservation management tool and is improving coral reef health. The Ra'ui site has significantly higher species diversity/Mortality Index ( F = 2.63).     

Abrolhos 2000 : Conserving the Southern Atlantic's Richest Coastal Biodiversity into the Next Century

The Abrolhos bank, an area of continental shelf off the coast of Bahia, Brazil, has the most biologically diverse coral reefs in the entire southern Atlantic Ocean. The coral reefs and nearby coastal ecosystems constitute a global conservation priority and are the target of the Abrolhos 2000 project, initiated by Conservation International as part of its global marine conservation strategy. Although portions of the Abrolhos reefs are located within a marine park, they are not afforded adequate protection due to insufficient conservation resources and a failure to be part of a broader integrated coastal management program. Through partnerships with government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, local communities, the private sector, and other stakeholders, Abrolhos 2000 is working to provide these needs while establishing local capacity for conserving coastal and marine ecosystems. The project's initial successes provide examples of useful strategies for making integrated coastal management work in the context of emerging economies.     

Governance for Sustainability: Insights from Marine Resource Use in a Tropical Setting in the Western Indian Ocean

The last decade has seen a shift in the Natural Resource Management discourse, a shift from management to governance. Governance is held forward as a prime solution to problems associated with the sustainability of natural resources, including fisheries and other marine resources. Several countries in the Western Indian Ocean are framing governance solutions as a response to coastal/marine resource depletion and environmental degradation, but the challenges are huge and success stories remain few. This study provides an analysis of the governance situation in Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania. It presents the governance actors and how governance is expressed in terms of hierarchy (state), heterarchy (self-organized networks of resource users), and anarchy (market). The analysis illustrates the extreme difficulties of using governance approaches to steer human behavior to solve environmental problems and achieve sustainability. The study also provides some insights when considering the use of governance as a tool for the “designing” and/or “steering” social–ecological systems in subsistence contexts with weak formal institutions. These include the consideration of governance as an intrinsic part of complex societal processes, the idealization of governance as a template for redressing management failure and broader issues such as the importance of meta-governance.     

"船舶轮机设备运行与管理"多媒体素材库的开发与制作

介绍了船舶轮机设备运行与管理多媒体素材库开发中的制作思路、制作条件、制作技巧、素材的组装与管理等方面，分析了轮机专业课程素材库特点，阐述其广阔的应用前景。     

IMO自愿审核机制在航标领域的审核及对策研究

近年来,国际海事组织（IMO）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国带来的影响;第三部分根据SOLAS公约和IALA建议提出了审核机制在航标管理方面的审核内容;在最后一部分通过对中国航标管理现状的分析,尝试性地提出了几个对策性建议。     

Marine Social Science for the Peopled Seas

Coastal communities, indigenous peoples, and small-scale fishers rely on the ocean for livelihoods, for subsistence, for wellbeing and for cultural continuity. Thus, understanding the human dimensions of the world’s peopled seas and coasts is fundamental to evidence-based decision-making across marine policy realms, including marine conservation, marine spatial planning, fisheries management, the blue economy and climate adaptation. This perspective article contends that the marine social sciences must inform the pursuit of sustainable oceans. To this end, the article introduces this burgeoning field and briefly reviews the insights that social science can offer to guide ocean and coastal policy and management. The upcoming United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a tremendous opportunity to build on the current interest, need for and momentum in the marine social sciences. We will be missing the boat if the marine social sciences do not form an integral and substantial part of the mandate and investments of this global ocean science for sustainability initiative.     

AIS在海事管理中的应用

AIS系统作为新兴的海事管理技术，在当今的海事管理中起着越来越大的作用。文中从AIS系统的结构和功能、技术特点、AIS对航行安全的影响和AIS前景展望等多方面详细介绍了AIS系统在海事管理中的应用。     

Sanctuary Advisory Councils: Involving the Public in the National Marine Sanctuary Program

Scientists work with marine protected area (MPA) managers to design MPAs that will protect marine resources, maintain biodiversity, promote tourism, and enhance biological production. It has become increasingly clear that scientific input is not the only requisite for ensuring establishment of these areas. Understanding the political institutions and management systems that govern these areas is as important for establishing MPAs as understanding the natural resources in the area. Recent studies have found that the success of establishing and managing MPAs can be attributed to increased public participation in the management process. This article looks at the public's involvement in the management of the U.S. equivalent of MPAs, the National Marine Sanctuaries. In particular, Sanctuary Advisory Councils are examined as one mechanism through which the public can participate in the management of marine sanctuaries. The article concludes with comments on the evolving role of these councils in marine resource management.     

DCS在船舶机舱监测报警中的运用

机舱监测报警是船舶自动化的一个重要组成部分。该文设计和研制了适合船用的ＤＣＳ监测报警系统。系统的第一层是主站，功能是管理和显示；第二层为信息转发站，负责主站和监测报警站的通讯；第三层是监测报警站，直接面向船舶机舱的被测部位。本系统对机舱的各种物理信号，包括温度、液位、转速等巡回监测报警，具备丰富的显示和打印功能。系统中采用了各种抗干扰措施，按系统独立原则设计，确保了系统运行的可靠性。     

21世纪欧盟海事综合政策的管理框架解析

为直面21世纪的全球化竞争、气候变化、海洋环境和海上安保、能源安全和可持续发展等挑战，欧盟委员会在各成员国为期一年的专题磋商和分析之后，于2007年10月颁布了欧盟海事综合政策，以确保海洋资源的综合管理。文中从根本原则，基本理论和最终目标，主要内容这三方面，对21世纪欧盟海事综合政策的管理框架进行详细全面的阐述.     

船舶生活污水臭气处理技术研究

船舶生活污水产生的臭气若处理不当将对船员的正常工作及生活产生影响。本文对船舶生活污水产生的臭气进行了分析研究,从危害、组成、排放标准及收集处理技术等方面进行了综述汇总,并对排放控制措施进行了理论计算,认为船舶生活污水臭气控制需是全过程控制方式,即从源头收集、过程处理及排放控制三方面入手才能取得较好的效果。     

水上交通事故致因理论探讨

在对比国际上有代表性的事故致因理论的基础上提出水上交通事故致因理论,认为水上交通事故的本质原因在于水上交通安全管理体系的缺陷,并通过案例进行验证。     

Ship ballast water as a main vector of marine introductions in the Mediterranean Sea

Marine invasive species are currently recognized as one of the most significant threats to global biodiversity. Marine bioinvasions are more likely in the Mediterranean Sea because of its wide temperature range, degraded habitats, historical and high volume of shipping traffic, and high occurrence of aquaculture. One of the main vectors of marine introductions globally and Mediterranean-wide is commercial shipping. Of the 3,000–4,000 species transferred around the world via commercial vessels, approximately 30% of these species may have been redistributed in the Mediterranean. Ships and marine invasive species arriving in the Mediterranean are mainly from temperate to cold-water regions. Standardized research and management approaches between countries are required to address the threat of ballast water borne marine invasives on a global scale. Regionally, a Mediterranean program involving the different states is currently needed to develop a common line of research and management operations.     

U.S. Fishery Management Councils as Ecosystem-Based Management Policy Takers and Policymakers

The United States has a new national ocean policy that adopts ecosystem-based management (EBM) as its first principle for managing U.S. ocean spaces and marine resources. However, U.S. laws that govern the uses of ocean spaces present a challenging tangle of authorities and mandates that do not easily facilitate ecosystem-based policies. For over 30 years, U.S. marine fisheries management has been guided by eight Regional Fishery Management Councils. Working under the many laws that guide setting stewardship priorities for ocean ecosystems, councils provide the Federal Government with advice on fisheries harvest levels, fish habitat protections, and fishing community needs. Implementing EBM for any ocean ecosystem requires a careful examination of the laws and policy processes that affect human interaction with that ecosystem. This article explores the U.S. perspective on federal ecosystem-based fisheries management, its part in U.S. national ocean policy, and how fishery management councils might position themselves as both EBM policymakers and policy takers for ocean resource management.     

Marine Biodiversity and Institutional Interplay

The interplay between the biodiversity regime and fisheries management and conservation regimes is not a critically important phenomenon at this point in time. For now, the institutions most relevant for the management of marine and coastal biodiversity are entrenched in conventional fisheries management structures. Biodiversity-oriented institutions appear to be less in touch with the practical aspects of resource management. The most significant interplay occurs at the global level, where several oceans-related regimes appear to be affected by the concerns raised by the CBD. The important question with regard to the longer term, is what impact the creation and operation of the CBD will have on various fisheries regimes in the future.     

Designing a Network of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas in Hainan Island,South China

Overexploitation of reef resources and increasing coastal tourism have severely damaged the health of coral reef ecosystems around Hainan Island, South China. Only some reef sites are protected, and the effectiveness of the marine protected areas (MPA) appears inadequate. Networks of MPAs have been widely proposed as a more effective tool for reef conservation. However, little is known about the overall state of the island's coral reefs, and no guidelines exist for MPA network building in China. In this study, the information currently available on the distribution and condition of Hainan's coral reefs is comprehensively used to assess reef status, and to identify other reef areas prior to protection. An MPA network around the island is proposed in terms of monitoring, legal, and management aspects to improve the conservation effectiveness. This could also serve as a model for developing MPA networks for other coastal areas with respect to coral reef conservation.     

从一起船舶主机拉缸故障谈柴油机润滑油的选用

通过某LPG船一起主机拉缸案例,阐述船舶柴油机润滑油合理选用和管理的重要性,讨论选用润滑油应根据船舶柴油机的型号、燃油品质等具体情况,充分考虑润滑油的黏度等级和碱度。介绍船用柴油机润滑油国内外主要生产商及其相应的产品牌号。     

船舶备件管理信息系统的设计与开发

从设备管理的角度论述了备件管理的作用，就本单位在备件管理工作中所开发的船舶备件管理信息系统的指导思想与主要内容进行了阐述，并提出在使用中应注意采取的措施。     

An overview of maintenance management strategies for corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments

Maintenance is playing an important role in integrity management of marine assets such as ship structures, offshore renewable energy platforms and subsea oil and gas facilities. The service life of marine assets is heavily influenced by the involvement of numerous material degradation processes (such as fatigue cracking, corrosion and pitting) as well as environmental stresses that vary with geographic locations and climatic factors. The composition of seawater constituents (e.g. dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature content, etc.) is one of the major influencing factors in degradation of marine assets. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management strategies can have a significant impact on operational availability and reliability of marine assets. Many research studies have been conducted over the past few decades to predict the degradation behaviour of marine structures operating under different environmental conditions. The utilisation of structural degradation data – particularly on marine corrosion – can be very useful in developing a reliable, risk-free and cost-effective maintenance strategy. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and future trends in asset maintenance management strategies applied to corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments. The corrosion prediction models as well as industry best practices on maintenance of marine steel structures are extensively reviewed and analysed. Furthermore, some applications of advanced technologies such as computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), artificial intelligence (AI) and Bayesian network (BN) are discussed. Our review reveals that there are significant variations in corrosion behaviour of marine steel structures and their industrial maintenance practices from one climatic condition to another. This has been found to be largely attributed to variation in seawater composition/characteristics and their complex mutual relationships.     

中国海事测绘能力分析及发展对策

结合近年我国海事测绘的工作实际,从海事测绘装备能力、海事测绘技术应用等方面客观分析了目前海事测绘发展现状,对现阶段我国海事测绘与国际海道测量发达国家在管理理念、技术创新应用能力等方面的差距进行剖析,在此基础上提出了相应的发展对策与建议,以期为推动中国海事测绘长远发展提供有益的决策参考。