回转体空泡绕流现象的数值模拟

利用FLUENT 6.0流体动力学计算软件对轴对称回转体的自然空化现象进行了数值模拟,得到了不同头型和不同空化数下的回转体周围空泡绕流流场和体积分数分布.计算结果与其他研究人员的计算与试验结果比较吻合,说明利用FLUENT 6.0软件可以较好地模拟空泡绕流现象,能够正确反映空泡外形随空化数变化的规律,并且能够较准确地捕捉到空泡尾端回射流现象.     

超空泡回转体减阻特性研究

基于Fluent 6.0的气泡两相流模型对超空泡回转体的减阻特性进行了数值研究.内容包括:外形对阻力及超空泡形状的影响;超空泡控制;阻力系数随空泡数的变化规律;长细比对减阻率的影响.超空泡减阻机理的研究表明:超空泡不仅可以减小回转体的摩擦阻力,还可以减小回转体的压差阻力.在外形、长细比和空泡数以及工程可实现性等诸多因素中,存在着一个最佳组合,使减阻率最高.     

回转体空化研究现状及展望

针对水下高速运动回转体周围必然产生空化现象的问题,阐述了空化现象的主要负面影响,详细介绍了回转体空化实验装置、回转体水下空泡流和出入水研究进展及成果,简要分析了回转体空化研究的发展趋势。     

泡状流中空化与激波相互作用的数值模拟

文章针对定常可压缩泡状流中回转体的空化绕流进行了数值模拟,在给定来流速度和环境压力的条件下,对不同含气率下的空化与激波的相互作用进行了研究。首先,对含气率为0的情形进行计算并同试验数据进行对比,证明所采用的计算模型是可信的。其次,改变流场含气率从0至0.5进行计算,结果表明,随着含气率的增大,流场的可压缩性随之增强,体现为数值模拟得到了回转体绕流流场的3种波系,包括回转体头部处的脱体激波、分离面处的膨胀波和空泡尾端的斜激波。而空化与激波的相互作用则体现为:头激波削弱了空化效应,使得空化区域减小;由于空泡外形的影响,使得空泡尾端出现了斜激波;含气率超过一定值,空泡已经无法闭合在物面上,而是闭合在空泡尾端的激波面上,体现为空泡尾端壁面逆压梯度趋于平缓。计算结果揭示了泡状流中空化与激波相互作用的新的物理现象。     

水下高速航行体超空泡减阻特性数值模拟研究

利用CFD商业软件Fluent6.2对水下高速航行体超空泡流进行了数值模拟研究,计算了带圆盘与圆锥两种头部空化器航行体的阻力特性,详细分析了空化器直径、锥角、航行体长细比对超空泡减阻特性的影响,并计算了高速水下航行体自然超空泡减阻率,结果表明,在超空泡形态下,带圆盘空化器头部的水下高速航行体,更加有利于超空泡的减阻,超空泡减阻率可达95%以上.研究结果为进一步研究水下高速航行体的结构设计和水动力布局提供了理论参考.     

FBM湍流模型在非定常通气超空化流动计算中的评价与应用

为了建立通气超空化流动计算的流动模型,应用二次开发技术将FBM湍流模型嵌入商业软件,分别采用FBM湍流模型以及商业软件中的标准k-ε湍流模型模拟了绕圆盘空化器的通气空化流场,并从空泡形态、流动结构和阻力特性等方面与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,标准k-ε湍流模型过高预测了流场的湍流粘性,预测的空泡形态和实验观测结果有较大的差距;采用滤波器湍流模型计算,可以明显地减小通气空泡尾端流场的湍流黏性,精确地捕捉通气空化区域空泡脱落的非定常细节,更加准确地描述通气空化的过程,与试验结果更加接近。     

气核对空化的影响—法国的研究进展

空化机理的研究表明空化核对空泡的起始与发展以至于空泡噪声都有显著的影响。近几年来，法国空化界对这一问题的研究较为深入，本文综述了在法国在这一领域所取得的进展。首先对空化核问题进行了历史回顾，然后以试验结果分析了气核的存在对空化性能的影响。最后阐述片状空泡向泡状空泡转变过程中气核的作用。     

Level set方法在空化流动计算中的应用

文章将Level set方法应用于自然空化与通气空化流动计算中,通过耦合入相间的质量传输方程,建立了一个用于描述气、汽、液多相空化流动的数值模拟方法,分别对绕圆头回转体和Clark-Y型水翼的自然空化流动和绕圆盘的通气空化流动进行了数值模拟研究,并与实验结果进行了对比,研究结果表明:相较常用的多相流模型(mixture model),Lev-el set方法通过时间和空间上的压缩离散方案,减小了相间界面的扩散,准确地捕捉到了相间的界面,可以有效地运用于空化多相流动。     

水下高速航行体超空泡流动研究进展

介绍超空泡流动特性、空化器设计、航行体稳定性的理论建模和实验研究;对超空泡流动进行数学模拟,发展合理的空化模型、湍流模型等,并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

水下高速射弹超空泡形态特性的数值模拟研究

基于均匀多相流假设,建立了水下射弹自然超空化流动的多相流CFD模型,分析了带圆锥和圆盘空化器头部2种高速射弹模型所产生的超空泡形态特性.仿真结果表明,圆盘头形空化器有利于射弹超空泡的形成;超空泡的相对直径与相对长度随空化数增加而减小;空化数越小,超空泡的长细比越大,减阻效果也越好.最后,通过Fluent软件的自定义函数模拟了带圆盘空化器头部射弹超空泡流发展过程,得到了射弹在水下高速航行过程中超空泡形态的变化特性,研究结果为进一步研究水下高速射弹空泡流水动力特性提供了理论参考.     

超空泡航行体前部线型对空泡生成过程的影响

本文基于航行体超空泡理论和格兰威尔线型设计方法，设计了三种具有不同前部线型的航行体模型．并针对所设计的三种模型和具有锥形前部外型的航行体模型在西北工业大学水洞中进行了前部线形对超空泡生成影响的实验研究．结果表明：超空泡生成速度和空泡成生所需临界通气量与航行体的轴向斜率分布有关，模型表面斜率轴向分布曲线越平坦或变化率越小，越有利于提高空泡的生成速度、减少超空泡生成所需的临界通气量．实验数据显示文中设计的三种格兰威尔前部线型航行体与锥形前部外型航行体相比，生成超空泡所需临界通气量都有明显减小，空泡生成速度有明显提高．文章研究方法为降低超高速航行体超空泡生成所需的临界通气量，提高空泡的生成速度提供了一条技术途径和研究方法．     

Numerical calculation of supercavitating flows over the disk cavitator of a subsonic underwater projectile

To deal with the effect of compressible fluids on the supercavitating flow over the subsonic disk cavitator of a projectile, a finite volume method is formulated based on the ideal compressible potential theory. By using the continuity equation and Tait state equation as well as Riabouchinsky closure model, an “inverse problem” solution is presented for the supercavitating flow. According to the impenetrable condition on the surface of supercavity, a new iterative method for the supercavity shape is designed to deal with the effect of compressibility on the supercavity shape, pressure drag coefficient and density field. By this method, the very low cavitation number can be computed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data and empirical formula. At the subsonic condition, the fluid compressibility will make supercavity length and radius increase. The supercavity expands, but remains spheroid. The effect on the first 1/3 part of supercavity is not obvious. The drag coefficient of projectile increases as the cavitation number or Mach number increases. With Mach number increasing, the compressibility is more and more significant. The compressibility must be considered as far as the accurate calculation of supercavitating flow is concerned.     

水下亚声速圆盘空化器射弹超空泡流动数值计算方法研究（英文）

To deal with the effect of compressible fluids on the supercavitating flow over the subsonic disk cavitator of a projectile, a finite volume method is formulated based on the ideal compressible potential theory. By using the continuity equation and Tait state equation as well as Riabouchinsky closure model, an "inverse problem" solution is presented for the supercavitating flow. According to the impenetrable condition on the surface of supercavity, a new iterative method for the supercavity shape is designed to deal with the effect of compressibility on the supercavity shape, pressure drag coefficient and density field. By this method, the very low cavitation number can be computed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data and empirical formula. At the subsonic condition, the fluid compressibility will make supercavity length and radius increase. The supercavity expands, but remains spheroid. The effect on the first 1/3 part of supercavity is not obvious. The drag coefficient of projectile increases as the cavitation number or Mach number increases. With Mach number increasing, the compressibility is more and more significant. The compressibility must be considered as far as the accurate calculation of supercavitating flow is concerned.     

小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡流特性研究

为研究小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡形态及水动力特性,利用商业CFD软件Fluent6.2,对小攻角下高速航行体超空泡流进行数值模拟,分析了空化数、攻角对水下高速航行体空泡形态以及水动力特性的影响规律.研究表明,攻角为能够明显改变空泡形态的轴对称性;攻角越大,航行体的阻力系数也增大,不利于超空泡的减阻,甚至会导致航行体的失稳.研究结果将为开展水下高速航行体超空泡实验研究提供理论参考.     

Influence of Ramjets’ water inflow on supercavity shape and cavitator drag characteristic

Water ramjets using outer water as an oxidizer have been demonstrated as a potential propulsion mode for underwater High Speed Supercavitating Vehicles (HSSVs) because of their higher energy density, power density, and specific impulse, but water flux changes the shapes of supercavity. To uncover the cavitator drag characteristics and the supercavity shape of HSSVs with water inflow for ramjets, supercavitation flows around a disk cavitator with inlet hole are studied using the homogenous model. By changing the water inflow in the range of 0–10 L/s through cavitators having different water inlet areas, a series of numerical simulations of supercavitation flows was performed. The water inflow flux of ramjets significantly influences the drag features of disk cavitators and the supercavity shape, but it has little influence on the slender ratio of supercavitaty. Furthermore, as the water inlet area increases, the drag coefficient of the cavitators’ front face decreases, but this increase does not influence the diameter of the supercavity’s maximum cross section and the drag coefficient of the entire cavitator significantly. In addition, with increasing water flux of the ramjet, both the drag coefficient of cavitators and the maximum diameter of supercavities decrease stably. This research will be helpful for layout optimization and supercavitaty scheme design of HSSVs with water inflow for ramjets.     

绕水翼非定常空化流动的涡动力学分析

文章采用数值方法对绕水翼的非定常空化流动进行了流动计算,并采用涡动力学方法对非定常空化流场特性进行了分析。计算中,采用基于当地涡旋修正的湍流模型封闭控制方程,通过实验对该计算结果进行验证;采用涡量法分析了空化的发生和发展对涡量输运过程的影响。结果表明:基于当地涡旋修正的湍流模型可以准确地模拟水翼周围非定常空化流场结构;水翼空化流场具有强烈的非定常特性,空化的发展和流场中的涡结构有着紧密的联系;反向射流的作用会导致附着空穴尾缘附近速度梯度的非定常变化,是导致涡量产生和消失的重要因素;空化区域内部水气两相的质量交换会导致流场内体积变化率的变化,使得空化区域内部流体的非正压性显著增强,上述两者导致空化区域内部的涡量分布呈现强烈的非定常特性;空化现象引起的水气两相之间的相互转换以及对湍流的作用都是影响涡结构空间分布的重要因素。     

Cavitation passive control on immersed bodies

This paper introduces a new idea of controlling cavitation around a hydrofoil through a passive cavitation controller called artificial cavitation bubble generator (ACG). Cyclic processes, namely, growth and implosion of bubbles around an immersed body, are the main reasons for the destruction and erosion of the said body. This paper aims to create a condition in which the cavitation bubbles reach a steady-state situation and prevent the occurrence of the cyclic processes. For this purpose, the ACG is placed on the surface of an immersed body, in particular, the suction surface of a 2D hydrofoil. A simulation was performed with an implicit finite volume scheme based on a SIMPLE algorithm associated with the multiphase and cavitation model. The modified k-ε RNG turbulence model equipped with a modification of the turbulent viscosity was applied to overcome the turbulence closure problem. Numerical simulation of water flow over the hydrofoil equipped with the ACG shows that a low-pressure recirculation area is produced behind the ACG and artificially generates stationary cavitation bubbles. The location, shape, and size of this ACG are the crucial parameters in creating a proper control. Results show that the cavitation bubble is controlled well with a well-designed ACG.     

水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下(V=7-15 m/s)生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗洛德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,给出了通气空泡长度与通气率及弗洛德数的经验公式.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,空泡长度一定时,通气率随弗洛德数的增加而减少;重力场造成了空泡形态的严重不对称,通过比较相同空化数下自然空泡与通气空泡的长度,定量地给出了弗洛德数对通气空泡长度的影响.当Fr=43.74时,重力场对通气空泡长度的影响几乎可以忽略.