高速航行体的自然超空泡流阻力特性研究

利用Fluent6.2对水下带圆盘空化器高速航行体的自然超空泡流动进行了数值模拟,计算分析了超空泡高速航行体的阻力特性,研究了空化器直径、航行体长细比对航行体超空泡减阻效果的影响,分析了高速航行体的超空泡减阻率。结果表明,超空泡形态下随着航行体速度衰减,航行体压差阻力系数缓慢减小,粘性阻力系数迅速增大,航行体的总阻力系数增加;航行体阻力系数与头部空化器直径的平方成反比;增加航行体的长细比,可以获得更小的阻力系数;高速航行体的超空泡减阻率可达95%以上。最后将仿真计算结果与水靶道试验进行了对比,二者基本相符。     

水下高速航行体超空泡减阻特性数值模拟研究

利用CFD商业软件Fluent6.2对水下高速航行体超空泡流进行了数值模拟研究,计算了带圆盘与圆锥两种头部空化器航行体的阻力特性,详细分析了空化器直径、锥角、航行体长细比对超空泡减阻特性的影响,并计算了高速水下航行体自然超空泡减阻率,结果表明,在超空泡形态下,带圆盘空化器头部的水下高速航行体,更加有利于超空泡的减阻,超空泡减阻率可达95%以上.研究结果为进一步研究水下高速航行体的结构设计和水动力布局提供了理论参考.     

水下高速射弹超空泡形态特性的数值模拟研究

基于均匀多相流假设,建立了水下射弹自然超空化流动的多相流CFD模型,分析了带圆锥和圆盘空化器头部2种高速射弹模型所产生的超空泡形态特性.仿真结果表明,圆盘头形空化器有利于射弹超空泡的形成;超空泡的相对直径与相对长度随空化数增加而减小;空化数越小,超空泡的长细比越大,减阻效果也越好.最后,通过Fluent软件的自定义函数模拟了带圆盘空化器头部射弹超空泡流发展过程,得到了射弹在水下高速航行过程中超空泡形态的变化特性,研究结果为进一步研究水下高速射弹空泡流水动力特性提供了理论参考.     

水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下(V=7-15 m/s)生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗洛德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,给出了通气空泡长度与通气率及弗洛德数的经验公式.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,空泡长度一定时,通气率随弗洛德数的增加而减少;重力场造成了空泡形态的严重不对称,通过比较相同空化数下自然空泡与通气空泡的长度,定量地给出了弗洛德数对通气空泡长度的影响.当Fr=43.74时,重力场对通气空泡长度的影响几乎可以忽略.     

空化器线形与超空泡减阻效果关系研究

利用商业CFD软件Fluent6.0对空化器线形与超空泡形态的关系及其阻力特性进行了数值仿真研究,详细分析了影响超空泡航行体减阻效果的因素和有效控制超空泡形态进行减阻的方法,为优化超空泡形态提供了初步的理论参考依据.仿真与试验结果符合较好.     

回转体空泡绕流现象的数值模拟

利用FLUENT 6.0流体动力学计算软件对轴对称回转体的自然空化现象进行了数值模拟,得到了不同头型和不同空化数下的回转体周围空泡绕流流场和体积分数分布.计算结果与其他研究人员的计算与试验结果比较吻合,说明利用FLUENT 6.0软件可以较好地模拟空泡绕流现象,能够正确反映空泡外形随空化数变化的规律,并且能够较准确地捕捉到空泡尾端回射流现象.     

自然空化流动数值模拟中参数取值影响的研究

探索了应用商业软件Fluent6.2进行自然空化计算的方法.通过设定不同气核质量分数对半球头回转体的自然局部空化作了模拟,研究了气核对自然空化计算结果的影响.通过设定边界湍流参数计算了平头回转体的自然超空泡,研究了湍流参数设定对自然空化计算结果的影响.通过对圆盘空化器的超空泡计算,得出结论:气核含量主要影响超空泡尾部形态,湍流参数主要影响空泡尺度.多个算例的计算结果与相应的实验结果以及经验公式计算结果进行了比较,符合良好.     

水下航行体通气超空泡减阻特性实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗劳德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,以及不同空泡长度下的模型阻力系数.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,阻力系数随空泡长度的增加先递增后递减;空化器直径对阻力系数的影响较大,在大弗劳德数条件下,阻力系数会因空化器直径过大而出现随通气量的增加而变大的趋势.利用商用软件对超空泡形态及阻力系数作了数值仿真,并与实验结果作了对比,两者符合较好.     

泡状流中空化与激波相互作用的数值模拟

文章针对定常可压缩泡状流中回转体的空化绕流进行了数值模拟,在给定来流速度和环境压力的条件下,对不同含气率下的空化与激波的相互作用进行了研究。首先,对含气率为0的情形进行计算并同试验数据进行对比,证明所采用的计算模型是可信的。其次,改变流场含气率从0至0.5进行计算,结果表明,随着含气率的增大,流场的可压缩性随之增强,体现为数值模拟得到了回转体绕流流场的3种波系,包括回转体头部处的脱体激波、分离面处的膨胀波和空泡尾端的斜激波。而空化与激波的相互作用则体现为:头激波削弱了空化效应,使得空化区域减小;由于空泡外形的影响,使得空泡尾端出现了斜激波;含气率超过一定值,空泡已经无法闭合在物面上,而是闭合在空泡尾端的激波面上,体现为空泡尾端壁面逆压梯度趋于平缓。计算结果揭示了泡状流中空化与激波相互作用的新的物理现象。     

小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡流特性研究

为研究小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡形态及水动力特性,利用商业CFD软件Fluent6.2,对小攻角下高速航行体超空泡流进行数值模拟,分析了空化数、攻角对水下高速航行体空泡形态以及水动力特性的影响规律.研究表明,攻角为能够明显改变空泡形态的轴对称性;攻角越大,航行体的阻力系数也增大,不利于超空泡的减阻,甚至会导致航行体的失稳.研究结果将为开展水下高速航行体超空泡实验研究提供理论参考.     

Influence of Ramjets’ water inflow on supercavity shape and cavitator drag characteristic

Water ramjets using outer water as an oxidizer have been demonstrated as a potential propulsion mode for underwater High Speed Supercavitating Vehicles (HSSVs) because of their higher energy density, power density, and specific impulse, but water flux changes the shapes of supercavity. To uncover the cavitator drag characteristics and the supercavity shape of HSSVs with water inflow for ramjets, supercavitation flows around a disk cavitator with inlet hole are studied using the homogenous model. By changing the water inflow in the range of 0–10 L/s through cavitators having different water inlet areas, a series of numerical simulations of supercavitation flows was performed. The water inflow flux of ramjets significantly influences the drag features of disk cavitators and the supercavity shape, but it has little influence on the slender ratio of supercavitaty. Furthermore, as the water inlet area increases, the drag coefficient of the cavitators’ front face decreases, but this increase does not influence the diameter of the supercavity’s maximum cross section and the drag coefficient of the entire cavitator significantly. In addition, with increasing water flux of the ramjet, both the drag coefficient of cavitators and the maximum diameter of supercavities decrease stably. This research will be helpful for layout optimization and supercavitaty scheme design of HSSVs with water inflow for ramjets.     

Numerical calculation of supercavitating flows over the disk cavitator of a subsonic underwater projectile

To deal with the effect of compressible fluids on the supercavitating flow over the subsonic disk cavitator of a projectile, a finite volume method is formulated based on the ideal compressible potential theory. By using the continuity equation and Tait state equation as well as Riabouchinsky closure model, an “inverse problem” solution is presented for the supercavitating flow. According to the impenetrable condition on the surface of supercavity, a new iterative method for the supercavity shape is designed to deal with the effect of compressibility on the supercavity shape, pressure drag coefficient and density field. By this method, the very low cavitation number can be computed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data and empirical formula. At the subsonic condition, the fluid compressibility will make supercavity length and radius increase. The supercavity expands, but remains spheroid. The effect on the first 1/3 part of supercavity is not obvious. The drag coefficient of projectile increases as the cavitation number or Mach number increases. With Mach number increasing, the compressibility is more and more significant. The compressibility must be considered as far as the accurate calculation of supercavitating flow is concerned.     

水下亚声速圆盘空化器射弹超空泡流动数值计算方法研究（英文）

To deal with the effect of compressible fluids on the supercavitating flow over the subsonic disk cavitator of a projectile, a finite volume method is formulated based on the ideal compressible potential theory. By using the continuity equation and Tait state equation as well as Riabouchinsky closure model, an "inverse problem" solution is presented for the supercavitating flow. According to the impenetrable condition on the surface of supercavity, a new iterative method for the supercavity shape is designed to deal with the effect of compressibility on the supercavity shape, pressure drag coefficient and density field. By this method, the very low cavitation number can be computed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data and empirical formula. At the subsonic condition, the fluid compressibility will make supercavity length and radius increase. The supercavity expands, but remains spheroid. The effect on the first 1/3 part of supercavity is not obvious. The drag coefficient of projectile increases as the cavitation number or Mach number increases. With Mach number increasing, the compressibility is more and more significant. The compressibility must be considered as far as the accurate calculation of supercavitating flow is concerned.     

空化器几何参数对通气超空泡生成影响的实验研究

为了探索通气超空泡的生成机理和获取形态可控有效减阻的超空泡,文章利用中速可持续通气空泡水洞进行了空化器和通气联合生成超空泡的实验研究.详细分析了通气超空泡的生成和发展过程;给出了空化器直径、空化器线形对通气系数门限值和通气超空泡形态的影响.研究表明,在相同条件下,较大直径空化器模型形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值较低,相应的超空泡尺寸也较大;平头倒角形和圆盘形空化器比圆锥形的形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值低,相同条件下前者形成的超空泡尺寸也较后者大;对于圆锥形空化器,锥角较小的不易形成通气超空泡.文中实验研究结果为水下航行体的空化器合理设计提供了重要的参考依据.     

Effect of injection angle on artificial cavitation using the design of experiment method

Using the supercavitation phenomenon is necessary to reach high velocities underwater. Supercavitation can be achieved in two ways: natural and artificial. In this article, the simulation of flows around a torpedo was studied naturally and artificially. The validity of simulation using theoretical and practical data in the natural and artificial phases was evaluated. Results showed that the simulations were consistent with the laboratory results. The results in different injection coefficient rates, injection angles, and cavitation numbers were studied. The obtained results showed the importance of cavitation number, injection rate coefficient, and injection angle in cavity shape. At the final level, determining the performance conditions using the Design of Experiment (DOE) method was emphasized, and the performance of cavitation number, injection rate coefficient, and injection angle in drag and lift coefficient was studied. The increase in injection angle in the low injection rate coefficient resulted in a diminished drag coefficient and that in the high injection rate coefficient resulted in an enhanced drag coefficient.     

基于实验设计方法的人工空泡喷射角度影响（英文）

Using the supercavitation phenomenon is necessary to reach high velocities underwater. Supercavitation can be achieved in two ways: natural and artificial. In this article, the simulation of flows around a torpedo was studied naturally and artificially. The validity of simulation using theoretical and practical data in the natural and artificial phases was evaluated. Results showed that the simulations were consistent with the laboratory results. The results in different injection coefficient rates, injection angles, andcavitation numbers were studied. The obtained results showed the importance of cavitation number, injection rate coefficient, and injection angle in cavity shape. At the final level, determining the performance conditions using the Design of Experiment(DOE) method was emphasized, and the performance of cavitation number, injection rate coefficient, and injection angle in drag and lift coefficient was studied. The increase in injection angle in the low injection rate coefficient resulted in a diminished drag coefficient and that in the high injection rate coefficient resulted in an enhanced drag coefficient.