水下高速航行体超空泡减阻特性数值模拟研究

利用CFD商业软件Fluent6.2对水下高速航行体超空泡流进行了数值模拟研究,计算了带圆盘与圆锥两种头部空化器航行体的阻力特性,详细分析了空化器直径、锥角、航行体长细比对超空泡减阻特性的影响,并计算了高速水下航行体自然超空泡减阻率,结果表明,在超空泡形态下,带圆盘空化器头部的水下高速航行体,更加有利于超空泡的减阻,超空泡减阻率可达95%以上.研究结果为进一步研究水下高速航行体的结构设计和水动力布局提供了理论参考.     

高速航行体的自然超空泡流阻力特性研究

利用Fluent6.2对水下带圆盘空化器高速航行体的自然超空泡流动进行了数值模拟,计算分析了超空泡高速航行体的阻力特性,研究了空化器直径、航行体长细比对航行体超空泡减阻效果的影响,分析了高速航行体的超空泡减阻率。结果表明,超空泡形态下随着航行体速度衰减,航行体压差阻力系数缓慢减小,粘性阻力系数迅速增大,航行体的总阻力系数增加;航行体阻力系数与头部空化器直径的平方成反比;增加航行体的长细比,可以获得更小的阻力系数;高速航行体的超空泡减阻率可达95%以上。最后将仿真计算结果与水靶道试验进行了对比,二者基本相符。     

水下高速射弹超空泡形态特性的数值模拟研究

基于均匀多相流假设,建立了水下射弹自然超空化流动的多相流CFD模型,分析了带圆锥和圆盘空化器头部2种高速射弹模型所产生的超空泡形态特性.仿真结果表明,圆盘头形空化器有利于射弹超空泡的形成;超空泡的相对直径与相对长度随空化数增加而减小;空化数越小,超空泡的长细比越大,减阻效果也越好.最后,通过Fluent软件的自定义函数模拟了带圆盘空化器头部射弹超空泡流发展过程,得到了射弹在水下高速航行过程中超空泡形态的变化特性,研究结果为进一步研究水下高速射弹空泡流水动力特性提供了理论参考.     

超空泡回转体减阻特性研究

基于Fluent 6.0的气泡两相流模型对超空泡回转体的减阻特性进行了数值研究.内容包括:外形对阻力及超空泡形状的影响;超空泡控制;阻力系数随空泡数的变化规律;长细比对减阻率的影响.超空泡减阻机理的研究表明:超空泡不仅可以减小回转体的摩擦阻力,还可以减小回转体的压差阻力.在外形、长细比和空泡数以及工程可实现性等诸多因素中,存在着一个最佳组合,使减阻率最高.     

小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡流特性研究

为研究小攻角下水下高速航行体超空泡形态及水动力特性,利用商业CFD软件Fluent6.2,对小攻角下高速航行体超空泡流进行数值模拟,分析了空化数、攻角对水下高速航行体空泡形态以及水动力特性的影响规律.研究表明,攻角为能够明显改变空泡形态的轴对称性;攻角越大,航行体的阻力系数也增大,不利于超空泡的减阻,甚至会导致航行体的失稳.研究结果将为开展水下高速航行体超空泡实验研究提供理论参考.     

航行体锥段线型对自然空泡特性影响的数值模拟

针对多种不同锥段线型的航行体,对其自然空泡形态及减阻特性进行了数值模拟研究.得到了各条件下空泡形态随空化数的变化关系、拟合曲线,以及阻力系数随空泡长度的变化关系.通过对比分析,得出了航行体锥段线型对空泡形态及减阻特性的影响规律.结果表明,锥段线型对空泡形态影响不明显;当空泡闭合于航行体锥段时,锥段线型为圆弧的模型阻力系数较小;而当空泡闭合于航行体柱段或形成超空泡时,各模型阻力系数趋于一致,几乎不受锥段线型影响.     

水下航行体通气超空泡减阻特性实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗劳德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,以及不同空泡长度下的模型阻力系数.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,阻力系数随空泡长度的增加先递增后递减;空化器直径对阻力系数的影响较大,在大弗劳德数条件下,阻力系数会因空化器直径过大而出现随通气量的增加而变大的趋势.利用商用软件对超空泡形态及阻力系数作了数值仿真,并与实验结果作了对比,两者符合较好.     

空化器几何参数对通气超空泡生成影响的实验研究

为了探索通气超空泡的生成机理和获取形态可控有效减阻的超空泡,文章利用中速可持续通气空泡水洞进行了空化器和通气联合生成超空泡的实验研究.详细分析了通气超空泡的生成和发展过程;给出了空化器直径、空化器线形对通气系数门限值和通气超空泡形态的影响.研究表明,在相同条件下,较大直径空化器模型形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值较低,相应的超空泡尺寸也较大;平头倒角形和圆盘形空化器比圆锥形的形成通气超空泡需要的通气系数门限值低,相同条件下前者形成的超空泡尺寸也较后者大;对于圆锥形空化器,锥角较小的不易形成通气超空泡.文中实验研究结果为水下航行体的空化器合理设计提供了重要的参考依据.     

重力场中超空泡形态的数值仿真研究

根据Logvinovich独立膨胀原理,发展了一种用于计算在重力场中定常和非定常自然和通气超空泡形态的计算方法,运用该方法对重力场中超空泡形态进行数值仿真.结果表明,在重力作用下超空泡不再是对称的椭球体,自然超空泡和通气超空泡在非定常扰动下的形态特性和动力特性存在较大差异,当流场压力线性变化时,自然超空泡的空泡数呈线性变化,但长度呈非线性变化,而通气超空泡的空泡数和空泡长度都呈非线性变化.     

水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究

为了研究超空泡的减阻效果,保证在较低流速下生成超空泡,在水洞中开展了水下航行体通气超空泡的实验研究.采用通气的方法在较低水速下(V=7-15 m/s)生成人工通气超空泡,通过改变通气率和弗洛德数,获得了不同条件下通气空泡的长度,给出了通气空泡长度与通气率及弗洛德数的经验公式.研究表明,来流速度不变时,空泡长度随通气率的增加而增加,空泡长度一定时,通气率随弗洛德数的增加而减少;重力场造成了空泡形态的严重不对称,通过比较相同空化数下自然空泡与通气空泡的长度,定量地给出了弗洛德数对通气空泡长度的影响.当Fr=43.74时,重力场对通气空泡长度的影响几乎可以忽略.     

Numerical calculation of supercavitating flows over the disk cavitator of a subsonic underwater projectile

To deal with the effect of compressible fluids on the supercavitating flow over the subsonic disk cavitator of a projectile, a finite volume method is formulated based on the ideal compressible potential theory. By using the continuity equation and Tait state equation as well as Riabouchinsky closure model, an “inverse problem” solution is presented for the supercavitating flow. According to the impenetrable condition on the surface of supercavity, a new iterative method for the supercavity shape is designed to deal with the effect of compressibility on the supercavity shape, pressure drag coefficient and density field. By this method, the very low cavitation number can be computed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data and empirical formula. At the subsonic condition, the fluid compressibility will make supercavity length and radius increase. The supercavity expands, but remains spheroid. The effect on the first 1/3 part of supercavity is not obvious. The drag coefficient of projectile increases as the cavitation number or Mach number increases. With Mach number increasing, the compressibility is more and more significant. The compressibility must be considered as far as the accurate calculation of supercavitating flow is concerned.     

Influence of Ramjets’ water inflow on supercavity shape and cavitator drag characteristic

Water ramjets using outer water as an oxidizer have been demonstrated as a potential propulsion mode for underwater High Speed Supercavitating Vehicles (HSSVs) because of their higher energy density, power density, and specific impulse, but water flux changes the shapes of supercavity. To uncover the cavitator drag characteristics and the supercavity shape of HSSVs with water inflow for ramjets, supercavitation flows around a disk cavitator with inlet hole are studied using the homogenous model. By changing the water inflow in the range of 0–10 L/s through cavitators having different water inlet areas, a series of numerical simulations of supercavitation flows was performed. The water inflow flux of ramjets significantly influences the drag features of disk cavitators and the supercavity shape, but it has little influence on the slender ratio of supercavitaty. Furthermore, as the water inlet area increases, the drag coefficient of the cavitators’ front face decreases, but this increase does not influence the diameter of the supercavity’s maximum cross section and the drag coefficient of the entire cavitator significantly. In addition, with increasing water flux of the ramjet, both the drag coefficient of cavitators and the maximum diameter of supercavities decrease stably. This research will be helpful for layout optimization and supercavitaty scheme design of HSSVs with water inflow for ramjets.     

水下亚声速圆盘空化器射弹超空泡流动数值计算方法研究（英文）

To deal with the effect of compressible fluids on the supercavitating flow over the subsonic disk cavitator of a projectile, a finite volume method is formulated based on the ideal compressible potential theory. By using the continuity equation and Tait state equation as well as Riabouchinsky closure model, an "inverse problem" solution is presented for the supercavitating flow. According to the impenetrable condition on the surface of supercavity, a new iterative method for the supercavity shape is designed to deal with the effect of compressibility on the supercavity shape, pressure drag coefficient and density field. By this method, the very low cavitation number can be computed. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data and empirical formula. At the subsonic condition, the fluid compressibility will make supercavity length and radius increase. The supercavity expands, but remains spheroid. The effect on the first 1/3 part of supercavity is not obvious. The drag coefficient of projectile increases as the cavitation number or Mach number increases. With Mach number increasing, the compressibility is more and more significant. The compressibility must be considered as far as the accurate calculation of supercavitating flow is concerned.     

圆盘空化器超空泡流动数值模拟方法

为分析来流速度对圆盘空化器产生超空泡的形态,基于粘流理论和有限体积方法,对带有圆盘空化器超空泡航行体流场进行了数值模拟。得到了超空泡形态与航行体速度之间的关系。随着速度的增加,空泡长度逐渐增大。并进一步给出了流场的压力分布云图和速度矢量图。     

非流线型水下航行体阻力测量试验中的几个问题

在高速水洞内,进行了某水下航行体模型自然状态和通气产生超空泡状态下的阻力试验,并针对实验中的尾撑影响、阻力成分和尺度效应问题,用数值模拟方法进行了分析.结果表明,自然状态下非流线型航行体的阻力比流线型的增加很多,压差阻力为主要成分;通气形成超空泡后可以大大降低航行体的阻力;尾撑使得阻力测量值偏大;自然状态下航行体原型比模型的阻力系数小,通气后二者基本相同.     

回注射流及其对通气超空泡形态影响的研究

通过水洞实验对回注射流现象及其对通气超空泡形态的影响进行了研究.实验水洞为封闭的连续通气水洞.通过高速摄像机记录回注射流及通气超空泡的动态变化过程.摄像机的拍摄速率为每秒1 000帧.文中在实验的基础上分析了超空泡形态变化趋势与回注射流之问的关系并讨论了回注射流的形成机理.此外,还分析了通气系数对回注射流的影响.