高速双体船斜浪中运动响应及连接桥波浪载荷预报

应用二维时域格林函数法对二维半定解问题进行了求解,应用发展的二维半理论和程序对WP60高速穿浪双体船在斜浪中的垂荡、纵摇、横摇和垂向加速度等运动响应及连接桥结构的波浪载荷进行预报,并把理论计算结果与模型试验结果及其它程序计算结果比较分析,初步验证了文中方法和程序在预报高速双体船运动及载荷性能中的适用性.     

高速轻型穿浪双体船纵向运动改善措施研究

针对在改善高速轻型穿浪双体船(WPC)迎浪中波长与船长接近时纵向运动幅度较大的缺点,采用了理论计算与模型试验相结合的方法,对250 t级穿浪双体船开展了水翼改善纵向运动的理论和试验研究,分析了水翼形式、尺度和安装位置等对纵向运动的影响规律。数值计算和试验结果的比较表明,计及水翼—船体水动力干扰影响的切片理论可满足WPC加水翼后波浪中纵向运动计算的需要,但在纵向运动响应峰值处数值计算结果偏高。模型试验表明,250 t级WPC加装水翼后,迎浪纵摇和垂荡有义幅值可减少20%～30%。     

漂移运动对横浪中船体横摇的影响

实验论述船体在激烈规则横浪中漂移运动对横摇的影响。船体运动测量结果表明，用线性切片法预估的有无舭龙骨船体的横摇运动，即使通过实验获得精确的横摇阻尼，在高波下也估计得过高。这说明，由于高频高波造成的高速漂移运动导致了横摇阻尼的增加和作用于船体上的波浪扰动力矩的减少，以及遭遇频率的变化，为精确估算高波横浪下的横摇运动，应求出波浪-频率-横摇运动和稳定漂移运动耦合方程。     

穿浪双体船总体设计载荷研究

为了比较分析不同高速船规范的适用性,根据DNV、ABS、CCS和LR规范中关于高速双体船波浪载荷的评估方法,分别对一高速穿浪双体船进行了总体波浪设计载荷的评估.同时对该穿浪双体船进行了水池模型试验,包含规则波与不规则波的试验.试验对该双体船的纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩进行了测量,分析了其传递函数和统计特性.根据对纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩在规范与试验之间的比较分析表明,DNV规范中关于该穿浪双体船总体波浪设计载荷的评估与模型试验值最接近,CCS规范次之,ABS和LR规范中关于该穿浪双体船的总体波浪设计载荷的评估值较试验值大很多,尤其是横向波浪设计载荷的评估.通过对规范计算的总体波浪载荷与模型试验结果及其推断值的比较分析,进一步明确了现行规范对该双体船波浪设计载荷评估的适用性:采用DNV和CCS规范对该双体船进行结构设计是合理的;采用ABS和LR规范将偏于安全和保守.     

穿浪双体船总体设计载荷研究

为了比较分析不同高速船规范的适用性,根据DNV、ABS、CCS和LR规范中关于高速双体船波浪载荷的评估方法,分别对一高速穿浪双体船进行了总体波浪设计载荷的评估。同时对该穿浪双体船进行了水池模型试验,包含规则波与不规则波的试验。试验对该双体船的纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩进行了测量,分析了其传递函数和统计特性。根据对纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩在规范与试验之间的比较分析表明,DNV规范中关于该穿浪双体船总体波浪设计载荷的评估与模型试验值最接近,CCS规范次之,ABS和LR规范中关于该穿浪双体船的总体波浪设计载荷的评估值较试验值大很多,尤其是横向波浪设计载荷的评估。通过对规范计算的总体波浪载荷与模型试验结果及其推断值的比较分析,进一步明确了现行规范对该双体船波浪设计载荷评估的适用性:采用DNV和CCS规范对该双体船进行结构设计是合理的;采用ABS和LR规范将偏于安全和保守。     

竹排浮式结构消浪效果模型试验研究

对竹排浮式消浪结构进行了波浪模型试验,在试验中测量了堤后波高,计算了透射系数,并测量了锚链所受的波浪力。通过模型试验比较了几种竹排浮式结构的消浪效果,提出了推荐的结构型式,并结合众多学者的研究成果导出了改进的透射系数计算公式,公式计算结果与试验数据符合良好。     

穿浪双体船迎浪纵向运动和阻力增值CFD不确定度分析

基于RANS方法,对穿浪双体船浪(WPC)迎浪纵向运动和阻力增值进行了数值分析,并对计算数值进行了验证和确认,证明了静水和波浪中运动计算结果的可靠性。通过计算结果与模型试验数据的对比发现,RANS方法在各种波长中预报精度均较高,验证了该方法的有效性。     

潜体波浪中近水面不同潜深和航向时运动和波浪力计算

本文对潜水细长体波浪中近水面运动和波浪力的计算，采用STF理论和Frank源分布紧密拟合方法预报波频运动和波浪力响应；采用Newman细长体方法和3－D修正处理计算垂直面低速潜体的二阶平均波浪与与力矩。该方法和计算程序的实用性和可靠性已经被多次模型结果比较，验证所证实。本文以某一国外典型潜艇为例，计算了七种潜深，七种相浪向下艇体的近水面波频运动响应与波浪力响应，给出了几种运动与波浪力参数变化与浪向变化的计算实例，同时还给出采用线性叠加原理得出的波频运动与波浪力时域历程曲线实例。     

随机斜浪中船舶参数——强迫激励横摇运动计算

研究船舶随机斜浪中大幅参数激励非线性横摇运动的计算方法。将船舶稳性高度GM作为时域变化的随机参数激励，波浪力为随机强迫激励项，建立船舶在随机斜浪航行情况的参—强激励横摇运动微分方程。参数激励项的求解考虑了船体型线、纵摇、升沉及波浪运动对稳性高度变化的影响。分别取不同波高、航速、航向，计算出随机斜浪中船舶的时域横摇运动响应。计算结果表明，此方法可以用于计算随机斜浪中船舶的参—强激励横摇运动，据此分析随机斜浪对船舶横摇和倾覆的重要影响。     

大型穿浪内倾船型耐波性能研究

针对大型穿浪内倾船型的波浪中航行性能，采用基于势流理论的切片方法，分析六级海况下的船体纵摇、升沉运动的时历曲线，获取不同船长、波长比下的运动响应函数，通过对比计算和试验数据，发现针对该船型，计算方法能够满足工程开发精度要求。     

Wave energy assessments in the Black Sea

The present work aims to evaluate the wave energy resources in the Black Sea basin. The study is focused on the western part of the sea, which is traditionally considered as being more energetic. In order to give a first perspective of the wave climate, a medium-term wave analysis was carried out using in situ measured data. As a further step, a wave prediction system was implemented for the Black Sea. This was based on the simulating waves near-shore model, which is used for both wave generation and near-shore transformation. This methodology has the advantage that a single model covers the full scale of the modelling process. Various tests were performed considering data measured at three different locations. Special attention was paid to the whitecapping process, which is still widely considered to be the weak link in deep water wave modelling. Comparisons carried out against measured data show that the wave prediction system generally provides reliable results, especially in terms of significant wave heights and mean periods. By increasing the resolution in geographical space, the field distributions of wave energy were analysed for both high and average wave conditions. The analysis and the wave prediction system developed are a prerequisite for further investigations extended in time and with increased resolution in the near-shore direction.     

时域中的潜体兴波研究

从格林定理出发,在边界面上布置Rankine源和偶极子,在时域中用时间步进法计算模拟了潜体近自由面运动的兴波现象,构建了一种处理兴波问题的计算模型.文中详细介绍了这种方法的理论推导和计算过程,并通过试算确定了适当的模型参数.通过对多个参数的变化调整,讨论了它们对潜体兴波阻力和波形变化的影响.大量的数值试验和与试验数据的比较,证实了该法作为三维数值波浪水池的一个支撑模型是可行、可靠的.     

极浅水单点系泊FPSO低频响应分析

对单点系泊FPSO在极浅水中波浪作用下的低频响应进行频域数值计算与模型试验研究,水深16.7m,入射波有义波高4.1m.计算结果与试验结果符合良好.试验中的波浪校验结果显示,在不规则波浪谱中出现明显的低频成分.由此产生了一阶低频波浪力,其能量谱是通常二阶波浪力谱的近百倍,导致FPSO在极浅水中所受低频波浪力大大增加,并引起极大幅度的共振纵荡运动响应.极浅水时,低频纵荡运动响应主要是一阶的,二阶成分几乎可以忽略,而且与深水相比,由于阻尼和二阶波浪力同时增加,二阶响应变化不大.低频浅水长波和一阶低频波浪力及其诱导大幅运动响应会给极浅水FPSO和系泊系统设计带来严重影响,在水动力性能预报时必须仔细予以考虑.     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

撑杆结构形式的变化对半潜平台性能的影响

以三种不同撑杆结构形式的半潜式平台为研究对象,采用Morison公式和三维势流理论相结合的方法,依托SESAM软件分别进行了垂荡响应运动、波浪载荷预报和结构强度的对比分析。运用谱分析法确定设计波参数,确定中纵剖面的最大纵向剪切状态时波浪载荷最恶劣,建立三维有限元模型完成了平台的结构强度分析,并结合ABS规范校核了平台关键部位的屈服强度。论文开展的研究对半潜式平台的前期设计有一定的参考价值。     

一种船模和实船试验中的船舶运动测量系统

开发了一套耐波性船模和实船试验中测量船舶运动的系统，该系统由加速度传感器、角速率陀螺和数据分析、处理软件组成。在数据处理过程中，采用一种非线性迭代算法。对该测量系统进行了水池模型试验和实船试验的验证，也利用三自由度运动平台进行了比测，比较结果令人满意。本装置是一种可靠性好、成本较低的船模和实船在波浪中运动测量系统。     

Wave slamming loads on wave-piercer catamarans operating at high-speed determined by hydro-elastic segmented model experiments

Catamaran vessels operating at high-speed can be exposed to deck diving and bow damage and one resolution of this problem is the wave-piercer design of INCAT Tasmania. Owing to the complexity of the unsteady non-linear flow in the bow area during large wave encounter model testing has been undertaken to identify the peak dynamic slam loads on the ship structure. This paper provides experimental benchmark information relating to the wave slam loads on wave-piercing catamaran ferries. Since the time frames of transient slam loadings and whipping vibration of the entire hull in its first bending mode are similar it is important that the test model replicates the whipping response and therefore needs to be a hydro-elastic model. A 2.5 m hydro-elastic segmented catamaran model has been developed based on the 112 m INCAT Tasmania wave-piercer catamaran to establish the peak wave slamming loads acting on the full-scale vessel. Towing tank tests were performed in regular seas at a maximum full-scale operating speed of 38 knots. The model was instrumented to measure the dynamic slam loads acting on the centre bow and vertical bending moments acting in the demihulls of the catamaran model as a function of wave frequency and wave height. Peak slam loads measured on the centre bow were found to approach the total weight of the model, this being a broadly similar result to the peak loads measured at full-scale. It was found that global dimensionless heave and pitch accelerations peaked in the same range of encounter frequency as did the peak slam load.     

三体船横向结构波浪设计载荷试验与规范比较研究

三体船连接桥结构波浪设计载荷的确定对结构设计中关注的横向强度问题来说是非常重要的.为了研究一艘三体船连接桥横向波浪载荷,进行了该三体船的水池模型试验,包含不同浪向下规则波与不规则波试验.试验对连接桥遭受的分离弯矩Msp、分离剪力Qsp和横向扭矩Mtt进行了测量,分析了其传递函数和统计的特性.根据对这些连接桥横向波浪载荷在试验值、推断值与规范计算值之间的比较分析表明:劳氏规范关于这些横向波浪载荷的计算值可能对应于规则波双幅波高6.0m;对于不同的横向波浪载荷来说,保证率为99%的设计载荷推断值对横向扭矩Mtt来说要大于规范计算值,而分离弯矩Msp和分离剪力Qsp的推断值对应的规范计算值则相当,这意味着没计人员在用劳氏规范进行校核时,横向扭矩Mtt的规范计算值是偏向于冒险的,应给予特别关注.     

大圆弧防浪墙在防波堤工程中的应用

为了有效降低斜坡堤的顶高程,同时又不降低抗御波浪爬高的标准,常在堤顶设置防浪墙。大圆弧防浪墙首次 在国内的防波堤工程中应用,节约工程投资并增强墙身的景观效果。对实际工程进行断面物理模型试验,通过实测越浪量 与规范计算结果对比,进一步验证在防波堤工程中采用大圆弧防浪墙具有一定的经济型和合理性。     

Numerical simulation of 2D and 3D sloshing waves in a regularly and randomly excited container

In this paper,various aspects of the 2D and 3D nonlinear liquid sloshing problems in vertically excited containers have been studied numerically along with the help of a modified-transformation.Based on this new numerical algorithm,a numerical study on a regularly and randomly excited container in vertical direction was conducted utilizing four different cases： The first case was performed utilizing a 2D container with regular excitations.The next case examined a regularly excited 3D container with two different initial conditions for the liquid free surface,and finally,3D container with random excitation in the vertical direction.A grid independence study was performed along with a series of validation tests.An iteration error estimation method was used to stop the iterative solver（used for solving the discretized governing equations in the computational domain） upon reaching steady state of results at each time step.In the present case,this method was found to produce quite accurate results and to be more time efficient as compared to other conventional stopping procedures for iterative solvers.The results were validated with benchmark results.The wave elevation time history,phase plane diagram and surface plots represent the wave nonlinearity during its motion.