波浪中船舶横摇稳性的研究

本文采用瞬时湿表面变化的时域分析法。研究波浪中的船舶横摇稳性。通过对实例的分析与计算,得到小浪中船舶横摇稳性的特性,同时亦看到的船舶在波浪中的横摇恢复力居大角度横摇时表现出明显的非线性。本文给出了船舶在波浪中横摇稳性的计算方法以及波浪中稳性衡准的初步建议。     

参数横摇对集装箱船设计和运营的影响

<正>纯稳性丧失、参数横摇、骑浪(横甩)是船舶在波浪中的3种典型倾覆现象,其中,参数横摇是目前国际海事组织(IMO)正在研究的船舶第二代完整稳性衡准技术中5种失效模式之一。研究人员普遍认为,参数横摇是由船舶在波浪中的复原力周期性变化而导致的非线性现象,其主要特点是:船舶在顶浪状态下产生垂荡、纵摇运动的同时伴随着大幅度横摇运动。大量研究表明,当船舶的横摇固有频率等于其在波浪中遭遇频率的50%时,船舶可能产生显著的横摇运动,即参数横摇。大型集装箱船的艏     

随机斜浪中船舶参数-强迫激励横摇运动计算

研究船舶随机斜浪中大幅参数激励非线性横摇运动的计算方法.将船舶稳性高度GM作为时域变化的随机参数激励,波浪力为随机强迫激励项,建立船舶在随机斜浪航行情况的参-强激励横摇运动微分方程.参数激励项的求解考虑了船体型线、纵摇、升沉及波浪运动对稳性高度变化的影响.分别取不同波高、航速、航向,计算出随机斜浪中船舶的时域横摇运动响应.计算结果表明,此方法可以用于计算随机斜浪中船舶的参-强激励横摇运动,据此分析随机斜浪对船舶横摇和倾覆的重要影响.     

随机斜浪中船舶参数——强迫激励横摇运动计算

研究船舶随机斜浪中大幅参数激励非线性横摇运动的计算方法。将船舶稳性高度GM作为时域变化的随机参数激励，波浪力为随机强迫激励项，建立船舶在随机斜浪航行情况的参—强激励横摇运动微分方程。参数激励项的求解考虑了船体型线、纵摇、升沉及波浪运动对稳性高度变化的影响。分别取不同波高、航速、航向，计算出随机斜浪中船舶的时域横摇运动响应。计算结果表明，此方法可以用于计算随机斜浪中船舶的参—强激励横摇运动，据此分析随机斜浪对船舶横摇和倾覆的重要影响。     

船舶在波浪中的横摇运动及其稳性

本文在静水稳性概念基础上,根据船舶在波浪中的运动和横摇运动方程的分析,用多尺度法求解横摇运动响应,确定横摇响应的稳定性条件,探讨了规则波对 GZ 曲线、初稳性和最大横摇角等稳性要素的影响,并提出了衡量船舶在波浪中稳性的几点建议,最后给出一个实船算例。     

参数横摇薄弱性衡准评估软件的开发与应用

目前国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定包括参数横摇在内的第二代完整稳性衡准。基于工信部高新技术船舶项目"船舶第二代完整稳性衡准技术研究",根据IMO船舶建造与设计委员会第2次会议中提出的参数横摇薄弱性衡准提案,首先采用静平衡法处理波浪中不同横倾角时的升沉和纵倾问题;然后对瞬时湿表面进行压力积分求解稳性的变化,同时利用Fortran工具开发了参数横摇薄弱性衡准计算源代码,利用Ajax技术开发了评估软件操作界面;最后利用实船验证该评估软件的可行性,为第二代完整稳性评估软件的推广奠定基础。     

船舶在大风浪中横摇稳性变化的理论研究

对波浪中船舶横摇稳性的特点进行了介绍和分析，提出一种新的研究船舶发生大倾角横摇时的稳性力臂的方法，在运用逐步逼近法计算每个横剖面的左右侧浸深时，考虑了在横摇过程中由于船舶首尾不对称造成的纵倾对每个横剖面浸深的影响，以及横摇过程中所发生的纵倾运动对横摇稳性的影响。然后，根据波浪中重力与浮力平衡、纵倾力矩之和为零这两个条件来求取横摇稳性力臂值。     

船舶参数横摇数值计算与力学机理分析

[目的]参数横摇是船舶在波浪中的特殊失稳现象,现有研究认为,波浪经过船体时稳性参数的变化是激发船体横摇的主要原因,但其力学机理并不明确。[方法]首先,基于惯性坐标下的垂荡和纵摇耦合运动方程,以及船体坐标下的横摇运动方程,建立垂荡、纵摇和横摇的混合动力学模型;然后采用所提出的摇荡耦合切片计算方法,数值计算船舶参数横摇运动,分析数值计算的横摇运动规律,并基于能量原理提出发生参数横摇的衡准。[结果]研究结果表明,船舶发生参数横摇的力学机理是,在横摇角增大过程中回复力矩系数吸收的能量小于横摇角减小过程中回复力矩释放的能量;发生参数横摇的衡准是,回复力矩系数一阶谐波分量的相位角位于[0,π]内。[结论]明确参数横摇力学机理有助于深入认识参数横摇失稳模式的物理本质,提出的参数横摇衡准对于船舶第2代完整稳性衡准的制定具有参考意义。     

基于参数横摇的航行安全性研究

第二代完整稳性衡准中将波浪中船舶稳性失效模式分为五种,论文文主要研究其中的参数横摇模式,基于参数横摇衡准草案对在迎浪中航行的船舶进行计算。衡准计算中采用了多元线性回归的方法计算了静水中的回复力系数,运用Ikeda法计算横摇阻尼系数,最后运用二分法求出横摇幅值A。根据实船的计算结果,绘制出船舶航行时参数横摇的可能发生区域,结合图形为船舶的航行安全性提供操作指导。     

船舶参数横摇非线性力学特征数值分析

为研究船舶参数横摇发生的力学机理,文章基于计算流体力学方法,对DTMB5512船模规则波顶浪航行时的参数横摇运动进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:参数横摇复原力矩曲线会随横摇角增大而出现2个拐点,呈现出先增大、后减小、再增大的非线性特征;其零点、拐点及最大值点可以分别用垂荡、纵摇及船/波相对位置进行表征。文中方法实现了船舶参数横摇力学特征的数值分析,可为船舶波浪中的完整稳性评估提供新的方法。     

船舶在规则纵浪中的混沌运动

Parametric resonance can lead to dangerously large rolling motions, endangering the ship, cargo and crew. The QR-factorization method for calculating (LCEs) Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents was introduced; parametric resonance stability of ships in longitudinal waves was then analyzed using LCEs. Then the safe and unsafe regions of target ships were then identified. The results showed that this method can be used to analyze ship stability and to accurately identify safe and unsafe operating conditions for a ship in longitudinal waves.     

船舶参数激励非线性随机横摇运动分析

研究了随机纵浪中船舶的参数激励横摇运动。将船舶初稳性高作为时变的随机参数激励,应用随机平均法和FPK方程,分析了船舶的参数激励横摇运动微分方程。考虑航速、船舶瞬时湿表面积及随机波浪,建立了船舶横摇幅值概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值的计算方法。以某渔政船为例,计算了不同航速时船舶随机横摇幅值的概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值。结果表明,参数激励谱峰频率为横摇固有频率的2倍时,发生主参数共振,船舶横摇严重,船舶倾覆发生的概率增加。     

纵向规则波中参数横摇的数值模拟

基于ITTC推荐的参数横摇运动方程,采用估算方法确定方程中的阻尼系数和复原力矩系数,数值模拟出船舶在规则波中的参数横摇情况,将上述方法具体应用于一艘滚装船船模的参数横摇预报,并与试验数据进行对比,验证了所采用方法的有效性。     

船舶参数激励和强迫激励作用下的非线性运动响应

本文应用非线性动力学理论，考虑船舶参数激励和横向强迫激励，研究了船舶的1/2亚谐共振运动。得到了横摇运动失稳条件，提出了横摇运动失稳及船舶倾覆的参数域。     

Stochastic averaging for estimating a ship roll in random longitudinal or oblique waves

In this work, the C11 container ship is taken as an example to analyze its rolling performances in random longitudinal or oblique waves. Firstly, a dynamic model of C11 roll in random waves is improved, and it is verified by the model test and numerical simulation. Mathematically, this dynamic model is a one-dimensional stochastic differential equation with random parametric (and external) excitation. Secondly, an enhanced stochastic averaging method is proposed to solve this stochastic differential equation. The validity of the solutions was verified by Monte Carlo simulation. At last, the probabilistic characteristics of the extreme rolling response were investigated based on the calculated results using enhanced stochastic averaging method. According to the analysis, some advices for ship's manoeuvring can be put forward when ships are navigating in random waves.     

Nonlinear analysis of parametric rolling in longitudinal and quartering seas with realistic modeling of roll-restoring moment

Parametric rolling of a containership in longitudinal and quartering seas is examined by applying nonlinear dynamics to a 1DOF mathematical model with realistic modeling of the wave effect on roll-restoring moment. In our previous work, we confirmed that a mathematical model with a roll-restoring moment in waves calculated with the Froude–Krylov assumption could considerably overestimate the danger of capsizing associated with parametric rolling. Therefore, in the present work, all numerical calculations based on nonlinear analysis were carried out with the direct aid of a measured roll-restoring moment in waves. For this purpose, captive model experiments were conducted for various sets of wavelengths in longitudinal seas. This experiment demonstrates that the Froude–Krylov prediction could not explain the wavelength effect on restoring moment as the wave-steepness effect. Using the numerical model with the aid of this measured roll-restoring moment, the Poincaré mapping technique was applied to identify bifurcation structures of roll motions not only in longitudinal seas, but also in quartering seas. As a result, it was confirmed that capsizing associated with parametric rolling is more likely to occur in following seas than in quartering seas. However, period-doubling and chaos appeared in quartering seas. Finally, an averaging method assuming a period-2 orbit was applied to the same model with the same conditions as the Poincaré map. Reasonably good agreement was obtained between the numerical results with a Poincaré map and those with the averaging method in longitudinal seas, but the averaging method has limited capability in quartering seas.     

大型集装箱船参数横摇模型试验和数值模拟研究

以4000TEU集装箱船为研究对象，通过系列自航模型试验，确定其在迎浪规则波中发生参数横摇的限界。试验结果显示：在迎浪规则波中，参数横摇通常发生在波浪遭遇周期为横摇固有周期一半的附近；对应不同遭遇频率时参数横摇的发生，存在一个临界波高；航速的增加和舭龙骨的安装将使参数横摇发生的临界波高增加；当有初始干扰时，参数横摇发生的临界波高较小。而且，数值模拟结果与模型试验结果比较吻合。     

Theoretical study on the effect of parametric rolling on added resistance in regular head seas

A formula based on Maruo’s theory is presented for the added resistance in regular head seas when parametric rolling occurs. Firstly, the velocity potential of the radiation waves due to parametric rolling, sway and yaw motions should be superposed on the conventional velocity potential. Secondly, the added resistance is averaged within the time duration that is double the encounter period. Thirdly, the stationary-phase method which is used in Maruo’s method is also used to obtain the formula of added resistance in waves with parametric rolling taken into account as well as viscous roll damping. Fourthly, source distribution based on Maruo and Ishii's and Maruo and Iwase’s works is used to calculate the added resistance. Finally, the effect of parametric rolling on added resistance in regular head seas mainly results from viscous roll damping and it becomes larger as the amplitude of parametric rolling becomes larger.     

参数横摇薄弱性衡准研究

鉴于国际海事组织（IMO）第二代完整稳性衡准工作组正在制定参数横摇薄弱性衡准。文章首先编制了参数横摇第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准的计算程序,其中采用解析稳态解法求解横摇响应,并给出了衡准中关键参数即波浪中稳性高变化的计算方法;其次以国际标模 C11集装箱为例详细分析了参数横摇衡准的计算过程,同时分析了横摇阻尼对计算结果的影响;最后通过与试验结果的比较,验证了衡准方法的一致性及程序的可靠性。     

规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动研究

考虑船舶横摇运动中恢复力矩及阻尼力矩的非线性,建立船舶在规则波浪中参数激励下的非线性横摇运动方程,并对规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动进行研究,探讨船舶发生参数激励横摇运动的条件及大幅横摇的动力学特征,分析船速、波高及波长等因素对参数激励横摇运动的影响。