长江上游莲石滩航道整治模型试验

莲石滩是长江上游著名的复杂险滩,具有浅、险、急等复合碍航特性。基于前期碍航特性、成滩原因和治理思路等研究成果,结合整治目标,对鱼鳅石浅滩和关刀碛急滩分别采用"疏槽维稳"和"扩枯稳中"的整治思路,根据设计航槽走向的不同提出两组方案进行模型试验。结果表明,两组方案均可基本解决碍航问题,方案2在顺应河势、航线选择、整治效果方面更优。     

澜沧江-湄公河航道哈乐滩碍航特性及整治措施

澜沧江-湄公河航道上哈乐滩具有弯、浅、险、窄、急等特点。根据现场调查资料,结合数学模型计算结果,分析了哈乐滩成滩原因及碍航特性。哈乐滩右岸楠罗河山洪冲出的石块及大卵石堆积在溪口形成冲洪积扇,近年来冲积扇发育,进一步侵占河床泄水断面,同时岸线凹凸不平,导致滩险上段水流弯曲,中段坡陡流急,船舶枯水上滩困难。针对哈乐滩滩险成因及碍航特点,提出炸礁和修筑整治建筑物结合的措施,解决滩险碍航问题。     

长江上游急流滩整治思路分析

长江上游以滩多、礁险、流急、水乱著称,在长达1 000余km范围内有200多个碍航滩险。急流滩在长江上游航道中虽不是最多的碍航滩险,但有急流滩的位置通常都会成为卡口或控制河段。近年来对长江上游多个急流滩险实施了治理,取得了显著的成果。对典型急流滩险的碍航特征和整治思路进行总结,以期为今后长江及其他大型山区河流急流滩险航道治理提供参考。     

澜沧江景洪以下贺宽下滩整治方案

基于澜沧江Ⅳ级航道建设工程,以贺宽下滩整治方案为依托,阐述了滩险特性、水文特征和历史整治情况。针对峡谷段滩险航道尺度不足,滩段内流速大、比降陡、流态坏,船舶不能自航上滩的问题,从滩险流速、比降、上滩水力指标等方面对滩险的碍航特性进行研究,采用清礁结合筑坝的思路扩大过水断面、壅高断面水位,减缓流速和比降,解决了滩险航道尺度不足和船舶不能自航上滩的问题。得出在峡谷急流滩险航道整治中采用“上疏下抬”的治理措施,能够解决航道尺度不足和船舶自航上滩困难的碍航问题,为类似滩险的整治提供借鉴。     

松花江牤牛哨滩河段航道整治方案比选*

牤牛哨滩是松花江中游主要的碍航浅滩,该滩段河道水浅槽窄、滩口流急并伴随横流等碍航水流,严重影响船舶通航以及生态旅游航道的建设。针对此问题,采用二维水流数值模拟方法对牤牛哨滩河段的碍航水流特性进行研究,对比分析3种航道整治方案的效果。结果表明,采用复式断面航槽疏浚及生态闸坝建造的方案后,该滩段通航水深大于1.78 m,枯水期平均比降仅为0.29‰,平均消滩水力指标远小于2.06,流态良好,满足航道治理要求。研究成果可为该类滩险的航道整治方案选择提供科学依据。     

航道整治滩性分析——非冲积性滩险滩性分析

论述了非冲积性滩险类型、基本成因、滩险碍航特点、水流特性及其分析方法。通过滩性分析可以确定滩险成滩水位、最凶水位、消滩水位(流量)的成滩出现时期及滩段凶、险的定量概念。结合滩段地貌、地形特点,确定碍航水流具体成因,并据以制定整治原则和方法。     

石质滩险的滩性分析方法与实例

石质滩险是山区河流常见的碍航河段,整治前应进行滩性分析。提出了滩性分析的主要工作内容与方法,并通过实例分析了不同滩险特性。滩性分析方法适用于河床变形缓慢的滩险特性分析。     

长江上游卵石滩群平面形态及碍航特性*

川江以滩多、流急、水乱而闻名于世,部分滩险之间距离较近,滩险之间相互制约,整治存在相互联动效应,形成滩群,其中卵石滩群碍航特性最为复杂,整治难度非常大。通过对长江上游8个卵石滩群平面形态及以斗笠子—东溪口、神背嘴—叉鱼碛卵石滩群为代表的滩段之间关联特性的分析得到以下认识：卵石滩群一般位于连续弯道（急弯）,深槽连接段短、宽度变化大的“藕节状”分汊型河段;下游滩险整治易引起上滩险水位降低,比降增加,恶化上滩险的航道条件;上游滩险整治易改变来水来沙条件,影响下游滩险河床演变。对卵石滩群的整治应整体规划、设计,一次建成。     

岷江下段航道典型滩险整治技术

岷江干流龙溪口枢纽以下河段为天然航道,具有典型的山区河流特征,碍航特性极其复杂,加之河道历年来受挖沙采石影响,航道条件恶化严重。采用长河段平面二维水流数学模型对拟建岷江龙溪口枢纽至屏山镇岷江大桥段11处滩险的整治方案进行对比分析及优化研究。在碍航特性及滩险成因分析的基础上,选取该段航道内干龙子滩、白甲滩以及新开河滩段3个具有典型代表性的滩段,从通航水流改善程度、挖槽稳定性以及船舶自航上滩等方面进行多组方案的比选,总结岷江下段典型代表性滩险的整治技术。     

澜沧江曼丙滩险整治方案

以澜沧江曼丙滩险整治为依托，针对峡谷型急流滩险整治易导致滩险本身以及上游滩险水位跌落的问题，从峡谷滩险比降、流速、流态、消滩指标等方面分析滩险碍航成因，提出通过炸礁保障航道基本尺度，采用抛筑整治建筑物缓解整治滩险及上游邻近滩险水位跌落。得出在兼具宽浅-窄深和浅区-深潭相间碍航特征的滩险整治中，采用窄深形炸礁断面结构和宽顶逆坡潜坝坝体结构可在满足滩险基本航道尺度的前提下减小水位跌落，对类似滩险的整治具有一定借鉴作用。     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.