航道整治滩性分析——非冲积性滩险滩性分析

论述了非冲积性滩险类型、基本成因、滩险碍航特点、水流特性及其分析方法。通过滩性分析可以确定滩险成滩水位、最凶水位、消滩水位(流量)的成滩出现时期及滩段凶、险的定量概念。结合滩段地貌、地形特点,确定碍航水流具体成因,并据以制定整治原则和方法。     

长江上游莲石滩复杂滩险的碍航特性及治理思路

莲石滩是长江上游著名的复杂滩险,具有浅、险、急等复合碍航特性,为山区河流典型的复杂滩险。依据详尽的地形及水文实测资料,分析莲石滩近几十年河床演变规律和洪中枯水流特性,针对滩险的碍航特性和成滩原因提出了整治思路。研究成果可为这种枯水期水浅、流急、坡陡的互逆型非基岩滩险的治理提供借鉴。     

红水河十五滩航道整治

十五滩是西南水运出海中线通道(红水河广西段)中的著名滩险,集急、浅、险、弯于一体,整治难度较大。利用实测水文观测资料进行水流条件及碍航特性分析,在此基础上,结合工程实际提出该滩的整治原则,并利用物理模型试验的成果进行航道整治工程设计。设计技术标准不只局限于航道等级对航道尺度的要求,还根据降低流速和减缓比降的需要,将滩口或相应部位作加宽、加深处理,以便改善流态,满足航行要求。工程实施后,扩大了航道尺度,解决了“险”、“窄”、“弯”等问题。     

澜沧江景洪以下贺宽下滩整治方案

基于澜沧江Ⅳ级航道建设工程,以贺宽下滩整治方案为依托,阐述了滩险特性、水文特征和历史整治情况。针对峡谷段滩险航道尺度不足,滩段内流速大、比降陡、流态坏,船舶不能自航上滩的问题,从滩险流速、比降、上滩水力指标等方面对滩险的碍航特性进行研究,采用清礁结合筑坝的思路扩大过水断面、壅高断面水位,减缓流速和比降,解决了滩险航道尺度不足和船舶不能自航上滩的问题。得出在峡谷急流滩险航道整治中采用“上疏下抬”的治理措施,能够解决航道尺度不足和船舶自航上滩困难的碍航问题,为类似滩险的整治提供借鉴。     

川江上游斗笠子滩急流滩整治的思考

在收集斗笠子滩历年地形、水位、流速资料的基础上,对斗笠子滩险的河床演变状况进行分析,找出滩险成因及其演变规律,提出斗笠子滩险整治后的航道养护方案。     

长江上游卵石滩群平面形态及碍航特性*

川江以滩多、流急、水乱而闻名于世,部分滩险之间距离较近,滩险之间相互制约,整治存在相互联动效应,形成滩群,其中卵石滩群碍航特性最为复杂,整治难度非常大。通过对长江上游8个卵石滩群平面形态及以斗笠子—东溪口、神背嘴—叉鱼碛卵石滩群为代表的滩段之间关联特性的分析得到以下认识：卵石滩群一般位于连续弯道（急弯）,深槽连接段短、宽度变化大的“藕节状”分汊型河段;下游滩险整治易引起上滩险水位降低,比降增加,恶化上滩险的航道条件;上游滩险整治易改变来水来沙条件,影响下游滩险河床演变。对卵石滩群的整治应整体规划、设计,一次建成。     

黔江弩滩航道整治方法的研究

弩滩以急、险著称。该滩由3个不同滩性特征的滩段组成。本文根据滩性分析提出分滩治理与统一整治相结合的整治原则与方法，通过20多组修改方案试验，提出推荐方案，实施后整治效果较好。     

乌江航道滩险整治研究

根据乌江航道整治经验，对乌江航道滩险进行分类。分析各类滩险的成因、特点，研究其整治措施。     

澜沧江-湄公河航道哈乐滩碍航特性及整治措施

澜沧江-湄公河航道上哈乐滩具有弯、浅、险、窄、急等特点。根据现场调查资料,结合数学模型计算结果,分析了哈乐滩成滩原因及碍航特性。哈乐滩右岸楠罗河山洪冲出的石块及大卵石堆积在溪口形成冲洪积扇,近年来冲积扇发育,进一步侵占河床泄水断面,同时岸线凹凸不平,导致滩险上段水流弯曲,中段坡陡流急,船舶枯水上滩困难。针对哈乐滩滩险成因及碍航特点,提出炸礁和修筑整治建筑物结合的措施,解决滩险碍航问题。     

三峡工程变动回水区上洛碛滩航道整治

分析川江上洛碛滩滩险特性、碍航原因及三峡水库分别按156m和175m蓄水位运行时期该滩的滩势变化,并根据实测资料分析本整治工程(156m蓄水位运行期)的效果。     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

恶劣电磁环境下PLC控制系统抗干扰技术研究

该文结合工程实践,研究了某型船模PLC控制系统抗干扰技术。依据干扰产生的原因,分析了系统干扰的来源,并提出了抑制干扰的具体措施。通过硬件和软件的优化设计,提高了控制系统抗干扰能力。实践证明,经过优化设计的PLC控制系统运行安全,稳定,控制效果得到明显提高。     

沉箱重力式码头施工期间沉降位移观测与分析

介绍某码头工程3万吨级码头和5000吨级码头施工期间的沉降变位观测过程及对观测数据的分析,为类似工程提供参考。     

分油机系统模拟仿真设计

针对使用实际分油机系统进行教学与训练在安全和经济方面存在的制约因素.为帮助学员较快熟练掌握分油机系统的操控,采用VC++编程技术和数字仿真技术,结合数学建模,设计开发基于PC桌面的船舶分油机模拟仿真系统.仿真分析和应用结果表明:船舶分油机模拟仿真系统能够模拟实际分油机系统的操作控制过程,方便学员熟悉各种故障现象,熟练掌握船用燃油分油机的操作程序、操作要领和保养维护系统知识.