一种高增益杆状天线的结构设计及力学分析

本文主要讨论了一种高增益杆状天线的结构设计,分析计算了天线在实际使用环境下的力学特性,并对其进行了抗风强度验算和验证,以便为用户提供可靠的力学数据。     

世界上最大的风力发电厂投入运行

瑞典Vattenfall公司在英国东南海岸建造的萨尼特海上风力发电场投入运行，该发电场是世界上最大的海上风力发电厂。该风电场有100组发电涡轮机，能够产生英国20多万户家庭的年均消费总量。     

大型变频感应鼠笼式风力发电机设计及温度场仿真

本文以3MW变频鼠笼式风力发电机为例进行方案及工程设计,设计过程中以3MW绕线式双馈异步风力发电机为参照,吸收成功经验并针对现有问题进行改进。利用Fluent软件对3MW鼠笼转子异步风力发电机的温度场进行了仿真分析,结果表明设计合理,能满足温升考核要求。通过样机试制及试验结果来看,所设计的鼠笼式风力发电机能达到目前市场上主力机型的性能指标。     

用舰船实测风压差表求解舰船风力系数

以数学模型求解舰船风中运动中的风力系数是一种新方法,该方法无需风洞试验数据,直接利用舰船实测风压差表,借助别尔舍茨方法,可求得舰船在Y方向上的风力系数CWY及舰船风力矩系数CWN.经算例验证,能满足海上实践的需求.     

电网新要求下快速频率响应现状及优化

随着风力发电在电网中的占比不断增加,各省电力调度中心纷纷发布新的要求和考核细则,要求海上和陆上新能源场站具有快速频率响应功能。针对云南电网新要求下在快速频率高负荷工况下变化量调频（连续阶跃）响应时间慢的问题,文章对能量管理平台和快速频率响应系统进行分析,提出快速频率响应优化方案,并进行案例验证。验证结果表明：快速频率响应优化方案能使连续阶跃测试指标满足规范要求。     

Study on a new method for installing a monopile and a fully integrated offshore wind turbine structure

This paper presents a preliminary technical feasibility study on a new methodology proposed for installing a monopile-based bottom supported offshore wind turbine structure. The concept is developed to address the problem of “waiting for a suitable weather window” which is commonly faced by the existing installation methods that uses a typical jack-up platform. In the methodology, a floating vessel along with a floatable subsea structure fitted with a hull on the top, hereafter named SSIP (subsea structure for installing a pile), is proposed first to install a monopile. Then the same structure is used to carry an FIUS (fully integrated upper structure) of an offshore wind turbine, which is characterized by a telescopic tower, and install it over the monopile by using an FOP (float-over-pulling) arrangement. Here, the installation methodologies are first briefly described along with the critical load cases associated with them. These load cases are then numerically studied for a significant wave height (H_S) of 2.5 m, and the results are summarized. For installing a fully integrated offshore wind turbine upper structure on a monopile foundation by the FOP method, two installation schemes are presented, and their dynamic characteristics are compared. It is shown that the proposed methodologies have potential to provide installation solutions which can be environmentally more robust compared to the existing method for installing an offshore wind turbine.     

海上风电机组运输与安装方式研究

受气候、潮汐、浪涌、地质等因素的制约,海上风电的运输安装风险及安装成本均高于陆地风电,安装过程中需要动用大量的海上工程船舶,若运输及安装方式选择不当,将造成一定的安全隐患,并导致项目成本增加.通过研究多个国内外风场的运输安装方案,对海上风电机组的运输与安装方式进行归纳总结,可以为我国海上风电的开发提供参考.     

超大型风机安装平台自升状态下的运动响应频域分析

针对自升自航式海上风机安装作业平台在风浪较大的海上风电场区域作业时风、浪、流载荷较大,影响安全的问题,基于SESAM软件,建立海上风机安装作业平台有限元模型,在频域内计算了波浪载荷和运动响应传递函数,并进行响应谱分析。结果表明,平台运动响应受波浪周期和浪向角的影响较大,当桩腿接近海底时,有可能对导致桩腿触底,在船舶设计以及船舶实际作业时应注意避免这种现象发生。     

基于倒置单摆原理的海上风机塔柱和转子机舱新的安装过程的数值模拟研究（英文）

Current installation costs of offshore wind turbines(OWTs) are high and profit margins in the offshore wind energy sector are low, it is thus necessary to develop installation methods that are more efficient and practical. This paper presents a numerical study(based on a global response analysis of marine operations) of a novel procedure for installing the tower and Rotor Nacelle Assemblies(RNAs) on bottom-fixed foundations of OWTs. The installation procedure is based on the inverted pendulum principle. A cargo barge is used to transport the OWT assembly in a horizontal position to the site, and a medium-size Heavy Lift Vessel(HLV) is then employed to lift and up-end the OWT assembly using a special upending frame. The main advantage of this novel procedure is that the need for a huge HLV(in terms of lifting height and capacity) is eliminated. This novel method requires that the cargo barge is in the leeward side of the HLV(which can be positioned with the best heading) during the entire installation. This is to benefit from shielding effects of the HLV on the motions of the cargo barge, so the foundations need to be installed with a specific heading based on wave direction statistics of the site and a typical installation season. Following a systematic approach based on numerical simulations of actual operations, potential critical installation activities, corresponding critical events, and limiting(response) parameters are identified. In addition, operational limits for some of the limiting parameters are established in terms of allowable limits of sea states. Following a preliminary assessment of these operational limits, the duration of the entire operation, the equipment used, and weather-and water depth-sensitivity, this novel procedure is demonstrated to be viable.     

风电安装船风暴自存下总体性能分析研究

随着海上风电的快速发展,风电安装船作为建设海上风电场的关键设备得到了广泛应用,由于其工作于恶劣的海洋环境中,保证其安全尤为重要。本文针对一自升式风电安装船,探讨了其在风暴自存下的载荷种类和计算方法,应用ANSYS软件建立了整体结构的有限元模型,通过施加相应的边界条件和外载荷,对其总体性能包括全船结构强度、锁紧结构承载性能、预压载性能、抗倾稳性及桩靴承载性能进行了分析。分析结果表明,风电安装船在风暴自存工况下总体性能满足使用要求。论文研究成果可为同类船型的设计分析提供参考。     

Underactuated control and analysis of single blade installation using a jackup installation vessel and active tugger line force control

The assembly and installation costs account for a large share in the overall expenditures of an offshore wind farm project. Single blade installation is suitable for large scale wind turbines due to the lower crane capability requirement and lower transportation time. By introducing active tension control on the tugger lines, an automatic single blade installation approach can accomplish operations in higher sea states, reduce the waiting-on-weather time, and improve the operational efficiency. Compared to early research, a more complicated control objective is achieved in this paper, i.e., a two-tugger-line configuration is applied to stabilize the suspended blade in three degrees of freedom during crane rotation and blade root-hub mating processes. The pulleys on the crane boom, i.e., the ends of the tugger lines, are assumed to be fixedly placed, resulting in tugger line time-varying inclinations. A novel backstepping-like controller is designed and proved. It is able to stabilize the blade around its equilibrium and make it track the desired path. Sensitivity studies are conducted to evaluate the influence of the tugger line inclinations. In addition, the influence of the installed blades on a three-blade horizontal wind turbine with a monopile foundation is discussed. The proposed active control setup improves the installation success rate and reduces the risks for blade impacts that may occur during mating.     

Active heave compensation of floating wind turbine installation using a catamaran construction vessel

The application of floating wind turbines is limited by the high cost that increases with the water depth. Offshore installation and maintenance continue to consume a high percentage of the project budget. To improve the installation efficiency of the floating offshore wind turbine, a novel concept is proposed by the SFI MOVE project. Several wind turbine superstructure components are preassembled onshore and carried to the installation site by a catamaran construction vessel. Each assembly can then be installed using only one lift, and the concept is less sensitive to weather conditions. In this paper, a control algorithm of the proposed hydraulic active heave compensator system is developed using singular perturbation theory to cancel the relative motion between the spar top and gripped preassembly bottom. Closed-loop stability is proven, and the simulation results show that the installation efficiency is improved with an increase in the acceptable weather conditions.     

一种新船型——海上风电设备安装船的开发

风电是一种理想的绿色能源，目前对风电的开发利用已从陆地延伸到海上，由此，海上风电场应运而生并迅速发展。风电设备安装船作为建设海上风电场的关键装备，其开发利用也引起关注与重视。阐述了国内外海上风力发电现状以及风电设备安装船的需求，并提出一型风电设备安装船供参考。     

Access System Framework for Regulating Offshore Wind Power in State Waters

Published research suggests the presence of a large wind resource off the U.S. coast. Although there is considerable interest among wind power developers in the coastal states, few projects have been proposed to date. A major factor constraining resource development is the lack of a regulatory framework to provide access to the ocean space and allocate property rights to the submerged lands where the wind turbines can be installed. Efforts to address this void began in 2005 at the federal level, but it has progressed unevenly and unsuccessfully since that time. At the state level, no coastal state has adopted a comprehensive and detailed regime to regulate, manage, and oversee this new ocean use in state waters. This article examines various approaches taken by coastal states to facilitate existing and emerging ocean uses and recommends a regulatory framework for installing offshore wind turbines in state waters.     

远海自升式风电一体化运输与安装探讨

由于远海域自然环境更为恶劣,作业窗口期更短。充分利用窗口期,提高施工效率是风机安装施工的关键。通过调研和分析国内外风机运输和安装技术现状,以1 200 t自升式风电安装船和西门子4 MW机型为研究对象,提出利用自升式平台船垂直运输塔筒、水平叠加运输叶片的运输安装一体化技术,可减少涌浪对传统工艺中运输驳船的限制,提高窗口期的利用效率,提高施工工效,适用于远海风电场的建设。