粉沙质海岸的界定及其泥沙运动特点

将床沙中值粒径d50=0.131～01125 mm和d40>0.031 mm的海岸定义为粉沙质海岸,指出粉沙质海岸泥沙运动的特点为:泥沙活跃,易悬易沉,运移型态为悬移质和推移质共存,易发生强淤或骤淤.     

粉沙质海岸的界定及其泥沙运动特点

将床沙中值粒径d50=0.31mm～0.125mn和d40>0.031mm的海岸定义为粉沙质海岸,指出粉沙质海岸泥沙运动的特点为泥沙活跃;易悬易沉运移型态为悬移质和推移质共存,易发生强淤或骤淤.     

规则波作用下淤泥质泥沙起动试验研究

选取浙江舟山近岸淤泥质泥沙为研究对象,采用规则波对淤泥质泥沙的起动进行水槽试验研究。结果表明,淤泥质泥沙具有薄层轻微悬扬、表层个体剥离、泥团卷起悬扬3种典型的起动状态,同一水深下的泥沙起动波高随波周期的增大而递减。以泥团卷起悬扬状态作为判断淤泥质泥沙起动的标准,佐藤公式、窦国仁公式计算的起动波高均与本文试验值总体上接近,可将两家公式计算结果的平均值用于淤泥质泥沙起动波高的估算。泥团卷起悬扬状态下过程最大含沙量往往在0.8～2.0 kg/m~3,过程最大含沙量随临界切应力增大而呈现明显的指数递增关系。研究成果便于深入了解淤泥质海岸地区泥沙在波浪环境下的水力特性,同时可为海岸泥沙数模计算及工程分析的参数选取提供参考。     

粉沙质海岸的泥沙运动和外航道淤积

文章分析了粉沙质海岸泥沙运动特性和粉沙质海岸外航道泥沙淤积特点,针对粉沙质海岸存在的悬移质、推移质和近底流移质3种泥沙运移形态,提出了计算粉沙质海岸外航道淤积的三层模式,并推导了临底流移质淤积计算的实用公式,进而建立了适用于粉沙质海岸外航道淤积的实用公式,并以黄骅港实测资料为依据,计算了黄骅港曾出现的大风淤积,并与实测结果进行对比,结果显示趋势一致、量级吻合,公式可推广应用。     

黄骅港海域表层泥沙特性及其影响

根据黄骅港所在海域的海岸演变规律，描述黄骅海岸总的泥沙运动趋势；根据现场测量结果给出黄骅港附近海域海床表层泥沙颗粒的分布规律，从港口回淤角度指出黄骅海岸应属粉沙淤泥质海岸；根据不同气象条件下黄骅港海域现场悬沙含沙量和悬沙粒度分布的测量结果，分析黄骅港海域表层泥沙的运动特性，并指出航道的可能回淤模式和疏浚对策。     

连云港海域粉沙质和淤泥质海岸泥沙运动数值模拟研究

连云港埒子口—灌河口海域为淤泥质向粉沙质海岸的过渡带,水沙运动复杂。在考虑淤泥质和粉沙质泥沙特性的基础上,构建泥沙数学模型,可以在一个模型内同时模拟两种不同性质泥沙运动,验证结果令人满意;同时,利用所建立的泥沙数学模型还可以计算悬沙的沉速场,据此分析埒子口—灌河口过渡带的泥沙运动特征和影响因素。     

推移质输沙规律的探讨

本文从沙波运行角度.由沙波运动尺度建立了推移质输沙率表达式,该式既能用于均匀沙又能用于非均匀沙的输沙率计算.并经一百余组实测资料的验证,结果表明,吻合良好.     

淤泥质海岸半封闭港口回淤预报

本文扼要介绍了淤泥质海岸半封闭港池泥沙沙回淤特点及现有的计算方法。通过因次分析，探讨了计算半封闭港池平均回淤强度的一般形式，基于实验研究结果和若干现场观测资料，提出港内无浅滩和有浅滩两种情况下半封闭港池回淤强度计算关系式。计算结果与实际资料进行比较，两者在量级和趋上均较吻合。     

非均匀沙推移质输沙率的研究

本文根据拜格诺水流功率理论,推求出均匀抄和非均匀抄推移质输沙率公式。其中均匀沙公式结构形式与恩格隆公式完全一致,非均匀沙输沙率考虑到粗、细沙的相互影响,用隐暴系数加以校正,隐暴系数可从清水冲刷水糟试验资料反求,结果与林泰造公式非常吻合。用隐暴系数对盖斯勒起动机率进行修正,可以获得非均匀沙粗化的极限级配及粒径计算公式。该级配的平均粒径可以用作非均匀沙起动的判别标准。文中用野外和水槽试验资料对上述公式进行了初步验证,结果均是良好的。     

河床变形计算方法的若干改进

根据泥沙交换原理 ,对河床变形计算方法进行了若干改进。改进的内容包括 :冲刷条件下悬移质扩散方程的修正 ;非均匀沙水流挟沙能力的确定 ;推移质有效输沙率的确定以及时间和空间计算步长的确定原则等。     

关于推移质不平衡输沙问题

本文考虑到悬移质、推移质和床沙的相互交换,从沙量守恒原理出发,获得出了推移质泥沙连续方程及河床变形方程.该方程表明,推移质河床变形不仅与推移质本身不平衡输沙有关,而且还与悬移质非饱和输沙有关,推移质河床变形实质就是全沙河床变形.     

巴基斯坦瓜达尔港泥沙淤积规律研究

利用现场实测资料,对工程海区的潮汐、潮流、风、波浪、含沙量及底质等自然条件进行了对比分析,并结合潮流和波浪数值模拟结果,利用经验公式计算方法,对不同建港方案的年淤积量及一次大风天气情况下悬沙和推移质泥沙淤强分布和淤积量进行了研究,同时就该工程对渔港泥沙淤积的影响作了阐述。     

波浪作用下沙波的运动速度和沙波床面的底沙输移

根据沙波床面底沙运动特点,引用二阶Stokes波浪理论,推导出波浪作用下沙波运行速度计算公式,并给出沙波床面上底沙输移的计算公式.公式计算结果与水槽试验结果吻合很好.     

悬移质不平衡输沙水流挟沙能力

本文从悬移质挟沙能力的基本概念出发,推导出悬移质非均匀沙平衡输沙的挟沙能力及不平衡输沙的挟沙能力公式,这些公式进一步揭示了非均匀沙的输沙机理,全面地描述了各种河床组成在不同的来水来沙条件下的输沙规律,适用性广,计算简便。     

清水冲刷推移质输沙规律研究

根据恒定单一流量和恒定分级流量的清水冲刷水槽试验资料,采用相关分析方法对清水冲刷推移质输沙规律进行了分析研究.获得了有关变量的关系式,可用于预报推移质输沙率和输沙量在时间上和空间上的变化,也可用于预报推移质冲刷剖面在时间上的变化,计算结果与实测吻合良好.通过阶梯流量与恒定流量输沙规律的对比研究,分析认为推移质冲刷平衡剖...     

Hydrology, sediment yield, erosion and sedimentation rates in the estuarine environment of the Ria de Vigo, Galicia, Spain

The aim of this study is to provide a budget study with calculated erosion rates. Three methods have been used to calculate sediment yield and denudation rates in the Ria de Vigo: (1) measurements of sediment loads, (2) measurements of sediment accumulation rates at the coast, (3) theoretical calculations of potential denudation. Sediment loads and water discharge were measured over a period of 14 months from May 1997 to July 1998. Two of the tributaries entering the Ria de Vigo were monitored for 12 more months, from May 2000 to May 2001, to observe changes in discharge and sediment loads. This period corresponded with atypical precipitation, with peak monthly values (600 mm) three times higher than those on record.Water rating curves are typically exponential. Suspended and dissolved loads vary for different rivers, showing values of 1.5 to 130 mg/l during 1997/1998. For 2000/2001, these values are twice as high. Suspended load versus discharge relationships for 1997/1998 were logarithmic, but data from 2000/2001 does not fit the same equation. Dissolved loads are several times higher than suspended loads in almost all cases. Dissolved load concentrations vary more widely with discharge than suspended loads. This is probably due to local pollution and contamination from marine spray in areas closer to the sea.Second, erosion rates and bed load sediment yields were calculated from accumulation rates at the Ramallosa Complex. Well-preserved estuarine and tidal sediments, associated with the Minor River, have accumulated in this area during the Holocene. ¹⁴C ages allow calculation of sedimentation rates (SR) for two intervals. The lower interval extends from 2001 to 484 years BP and yields an SR of 1.12 mm/a. The upper interval extends from 484 years BP to the present and has an SR of 3.3–4.4 mm/a. These differences may be explained by basin dynamics as the beach progressively encloses the area and also by human interference. From sedimentary facies analysis it is concluded that 90% to 95% of the accumulated deposits were transferred to the basin as bed load. Muddy deposits (mostly marshes) are better developed at the upper part of the sediment pile, and inner areas, indicating a progressive shallowing and filling up of the basin. Most of suspended load is exported to the ria, whereas the Ramallosa Complex acts as a sediment sink for bed load derived material.Calculated potential erosion rates using Ahnert's [Am. J. Sci. 268 (1970) 243] equation show lower values than those estimated from river load concentrations. Potential erosion rates for the Minor River are higher than for the Lagares River which contrast with mechanical denudation rate values from river loads during 1997/1998 which are higher for the Lagares River. During 2000/2001 MDR values were higher than those of the potential erosion rates for both rivers, in line with the extremely high precipitation. Higher values in the Lagares could be in part due to human interference.     

桃源枢纽坝下汇流区推移质运动特性试验研究

为分析桃源枢纽坝下汇流区推移质运动特性,采用整体定床物理模型开展了定床水流和定床输沙试验,观测各级流量下水流要素和输沙带分布。对比分析发现,随来流汇流比的不同,汇流区水动力条件复杂多变,但汇流区泥沙淤积体范围总是与主流带分布密切相关。推移质泥沙沿主流带输移,泥沙淤积体多见于输沙带边线处、流线转折较大处以及河床局部背水面下凹处。中枯水期因下泄水流流速较大,且沿程流速迅速降低,坝下推移质泥沙为短距离泥沙输移;洪水期因河段流速整体较大,为长距离泥沙输移。