船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究（英文）

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。     

船舶浅水航行下沉量和纵倾的数值计算

基于CFD方法对船舶浅水航行航态变化问题进行研究。通过同时求解RANS方程和刚体运动学方程对船舶浅水航行流场进行数值模拟,并根据浅水流场空间受限的特点,采用三种动网格相结合的方法,解决船舶在浅水中航行时航态变化的网格更新问题,在数值模拟中还考虑了螺旋桨旋转的影响。文中以S60船模(Cb=0.6)为对象,计算了其浅水航行的下沉量和纵倾值,计算结果与船模水池试验数据对比,吻合良好。     

浅水中低速斜航船舶水动力预报及验证与确认分析

浅水中的斜航船舶受到浅水阻塞效应和不对称流的综合影响。为预报该运动中的船舶水动力,文章采用基于定常雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯方程的计算流体动力学方法,对浅水中做斜航运动的船舶粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。考虑低航速运动的特点,忽略航速影响下的自由面兴波,由数值计算得到水动力系数在漂角影响下的变化规律。针对计算精度问题,在数值模拟中从验证和确认角度分析和评估计算结果：通过网格收敛性分析分析数值误差与不确定度;结合试验数据考察计算模型的误差。此外,从计算区域尺度、湍流模型、边界条件、船体下沉和纵倾作用方面对模型误差的影响因素进行探讨,可为改进计算模型、提高数值模拟精度提供参考依据。     

船舶几种浮态下阻力的数值计算方法

商船会因装载不同而吃水大幅增减,舰艇会因战损而出现严重纵横倾,如何在浮态急剧变化时估算船舶的快速性,是一项具有普遍意义的课题.为了解决上述问题,采用计算流体力学方法对某型船模进行了大量计及自由表面的不同浮态下的阻力数值计算,在深入分析船体浮态改变时影响船舶阻力诸因素的基础上,对数值计算结果进行了研究,推导出船舶吃水、纵倾和横倾变化时的阻力估算公式.据此进行的数值计算结果与水池试验结果对比,吻合良好,从而验证了提出的计算模式的可行性,为解决船舶任意浮态下的阻力计算问题提供了新的思路.     

KVLCC2船模斜航运动粘性流场及水动力数值计算

采用CFD商业软件FLUENT对KVLCC2模型的斜航运动粘性流场进行数值模拟,计算得到了不同漂角时的横向水动力、首摇力矩、船体表面压力分布及尾流场,通过将计算结果与试验结果进行比较,验证了文中计算方法的有效性.文中采用SST k-ω和RNG k-ε两种湍流模式进行了水动力计算及流场数值模拟,通过将其结果与试验结果进行比较,得出了SST k-ω模式较RNG k-ε模式更为适合于实际船型的斜航运动粘性水动力计算和流场数值模拟的结论.     

不同浮态下舰船结构极限承载力变化数学模型构建

传统的舰船结构极限承载力变化数学模型在计算时,受到船舶吃水、装载重量的影响,导致不同浮态下舰船结构极限承载力变化计算结果准确性较低,为此设计不同浮态下舰船结构极限承载力变化数学模型。提出了正浮、横倾、纵倾与任意倾斜情况下浮态计算公式,并建立目标函数,计算船体的结构形变概况,同时采用有限元分析方法中的相似定理对结构极限承载力变化情况推导,以此完成不同浮态下舰船结构极限承载力变化情况计算。结果表明,在正浮、横倾、纵倾情况下,所研究的不同浮态下舰船结构极限承载力变化数学模型都获得了较高的准确性。     

船体破损后总纵剩余强度预报

阐述采用符拉索夫拉沉性计算方法解决破损船舶总纵强度计算中的外载荷和破损模型等问题。研究破损船舶问题是在不沉性理论基础上进行的。首先从研究在静水中既朋纵倾又有横倾时船舶浮态参数入手，进而研究静置在波浪上的船舶浮态参数、波浪弯矩和波浪剪力。     

基于操纵性的潜艇指挥室围壳外型优化数值研究

潜艇做水平面转向运动时,指挥室围壳处于有漂角的斜流之中,受主艇体与围壳干扰后的流场作用于艇上产生的水动力与力矩,使潜艇常伴随出现另外2个坐标平面上的耦合运动,即横倾、纵倾和潜浮运动,而围壳的高度与外形特征对耦合运动的幅度有直接的影响.文中对一近似常规潜艇模型的指挥室围壳进行优化,得到了低矮化、流线型化的3种围壳模型,采用CFD方法计算比较了这几种模型在漂角β(0,°10°)内与耦合运动有关的水动力性能及表面压力分布,计算表明低矮化、后缘流线型化的围壳能有效降低艇体水平转向时的横倾与纵倾幅度,为潜艇指挥室围壳的外形优化设计提供参考.     

船舶最佳纵倾航行与节能

本文综述了交通部上海船舶运输科研所及国外关于船舶变纵倾试验的结果,并通过作者对一些船舶的计算,阐明了船舶最佳纵倾航行法是一项切实可行的节能措施,一般可节油4～10％。文中给出了船舶试用最佳纵倾航行的实例;并指出了最佳纵倾节能是一个综合性的实用问题,必须从船处于纵倾状态时的稳性、强度、浮态、操纵性等方面加以权衡。例如在空载营运时应考虑浮态衡准要求;满载状态采用首倾航行应谨慎从事;半载或减载排水量状态能否采取首倾的最佳纵倾来营运?这应从挖潜致用、节能与安全观点出发,深入探讨。     

浅水中船舶水动力特性数值计算

本文对浅水中船舶水动力特性进行数值计算研究.采用RANS方程结合RNG K-ε两方程湍流模型,对一方形系数0.6的系列60船模在浅水中的阻力、升沉、纵倾和兴波进行数值计算,其中自由面采用VOF方法处理;计算中,水深Froude数范围0.6～1.8,包含了临界和超临界水深Froude数.数值计算得到的阻力、升沉和纵倾与模型试验结果及采用三维扩展Boussinesq方程的计算结果进行了比较分析,吻合较好,部分计算结果得到改进.     

Finite-volume simulation of flows about a ship in maneuvering motion

A finite-volume method of computing the viscous flow field about a ship in maneuvering motion was developed. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equation discretized in the generalized boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system is solved numerically. A third-order upwind differencing scheme, a marker and cell (MAC)-type explicit time marching solution algorithm and a simplified subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model are adopted. The simulation method is formulated, including the movement of a computational grid fitted to the body boundary that allows computation of the flow field around a body under unsteady motion. To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, the accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the hull is important. Therefore, experimental methods of finding the hydrodynamic forces of a ship in maneuvering motion, such as the oblique towing test, the circular motion test (CMT) and planar motion mechanism (PMM) test, were established. Numerical simulation methods for those captive model experiments were developed introducing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, numerical methods for steady oblique tow and steady turn simulation were developed and then extended to unsteady forced motion. Simulations were conducted about several realistic hulls, and the results were verified by comparisons with measured results obtained in model experiments. Hydrodynamic forces and the moment, the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamic lateral force, and the pressure distribution on the hull surface showed good agreement.     

CFD simulation of 3-dimensional motion of a ship in waves: application to an advancing ship in regular heading waves

A new computational fluid dynamics simulation method has been developed for the unsteady motion of a ship advancing in waves. The objective is to evaluate the added resistance and predict the performance of a ship in waves. In this study, a finite volume method, in the framework of a boundary-fitted grid system, is employed. The motion of the ship is solved with six degrees of freedom by using the hydrodynamic forces and moments obtained from the solution of the simulation method. The marker–density–function method is employed to calculate the nonlinear free surface. This method is applied to the coupled motion problem of heaving and pitching. Received for publication on Nov. 15, 1999; accepted on Nov. 18, 1999     

母船垂荡运动下拖缆响应研究

基于弯矩平衡方程和有限元离散单元法建立拖缆离散动力学模型,通过对拖缆离散方程组线性化处理,将非线性动力学方程转化为关于求解角度的线性问题。设定缆绳初始形态,通过时间迭代对方程求解得到拖曳系统稳定运动形态。母船在海面会发生升沉运动,由于母船垂荡运动对水下拖缆的耦合影响,拖曳系统稳定形态受到破坏,拖缆受力发生改变,系统可能处于危险状态。考虑母船垂荡运动的耦合效应,通过MATLAB对拖曳系统进行仿真计算,得到拖缆的运动参数和受力响应情况,对拖曳系统在实际作业中提供参考。     

Numerical study on the hydrodynamic forces on a ship berthing to quay by taking free-surface effect into account

In the present study, numerical simulation of the berthing maneuver of a ship in the prescribed translational motion is performed. The transient viscous flow and hydrodynamic forces on the hull are calculated by solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations in overset grid system, and the free surface is captured using volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach. The present numerical results have been compared with previous computational results by Toda and available experimental data respectively. Since the effects of the quaywall and free surface are taken into consideration in the present study, it is found that the agreement is significantly better than that resulting from Toda’s 3D CFD based approach. Then the effects of various standoff distances between the ship and quaywall on the lateral forces are investigated. Meanwhile, the detailed transient flow features around the berthing ship are obtained, which are helpful to understand the interactional effects between the ship and quaywall. The present results may provide helpful guidance for vessels’ safe maneuvering in berthing motion and the design of fender system in the quay.     

Finite-volume simulation method to predict the performance of a sailing boat

 A flow-simulation method was developed to predict the performance of a sailing boat in unsteady motion on a free surface. The method is based on the time-marching, finite-volume method and the moving grid technique, including consideration of the free surface and the deformation of the under-water shape of the boat due to its arbitrary motion. The equation of motion with six degrees of freedom is solved by the use of the fluid-dynamic forces and moments obtained from the flow simulation. The sailing conditions of the boat are virtually realized by combining the simulations of water-flow and the motion of the boat. The availability is demonstrated by calculations of the steady advancing, rolling, and maneuvering motions of International America's Cup Class (IACC) sailing boats. Received: December 25, 2001 / Accepted: March 26, 2002     

可回转双桨电力推进船舶运动模型的研究

根据船舶分离型运动建模方法,分析了可回转双桨船舶的运动规律及其在船舶纵荡、横荡和艏摇三个自由度上的作用力,建立可回转双桨作用下的电力推进船舶的推进与回转运动模型,导出船舶运动线性响应方程。通过数值仿真,验证了可回转双桨电力推进船舶的推进与回转运动模型的准确性。     

Time domain simulations of the wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition

The wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition are numerically studied based on potential theory. The total disturbance potential is decomposed into a basic part and a perturbation part. The basic flow is evaluated based on the double-body model with a trailing vortex sheet. The perturbation flow is solved by using a time domain Rankine panel method to determine the hydrodynamic forces, and the wave-induced ship motions are then evaluated by an Adam–Moulton scheme. The solving process of the wave-induced motion is integrated with the maneuvering prediction by using a two–time scale model. Numerical tests are firstly carried out for a Series 60 ship, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental data to validate the numerical method for the basic flow. Then the wave-induced motions of the S-175 container ship in straight course and in turning condition are simulated; the numerical results are compared with the ITTC data and the experimental data, which show fairly good agreements.     

近水面波浪力作用下潜体的非线性运动响应

通过对潜体近水面航行波浪力作用下非线性运动响应进行建模和计算，揭示了由于二阶波浪力民低速时潜艇操纵面舵力之不足，潜体的定深控制可能难于实现，产生逐渐上浮与露出波面的非线性现象。计算结果与自由自航模的试验结果相当吻合。     

月池共振对超深水钻井船运动性能的影响

为了研究月池内流体共振对船体运动的影响,以一艘超深水钻井船为研究对象,采用三维势流理论计算钻井船月池内自由液面和船体的运动,通过月池内自由液面的运动信息,得到月池各种模态下的共振频率,并以此来检验相关理论和经验公式对月池共振频率预报的准确性。月池底部打开和关闭2种状态下钻井船的运动特性显示,月池的活塞共振运动会显著增加船体的垂荡运动,而月池的晃荡共振运动对船体运动的影响较小。