海洋平台海管立管悬空方案设计研究

海底管线是海洋平台物流进出的主要通道,是海洋平台安全生产的重要设施。海管立管作为海管与平台连接的关键节点,工作环境最为恶劣。现有海管立管的设计是按照立管直底部与海床面完全贴合的工况开展设计计算,出现悬空情况时,需要采取回填措施。由于回填工作难度大、施工及维护费用高,文章通过软件模拟计算,证明立管底部悬空的不影响海管安全使用,计算结果与实际情况匹配,从而实现立管安装、运行费用的大大降低。     

深水开发中的SCR立管系统

钢悬链线立管(Steel Catenary Riser,SCR)作为一种全新的深水立管系统已经在国外多个项目中应用.阐述了SCR立管的关键技术问题:立管与浮式结构的界面、静态结构设计、立管之间的干扰分析、动力学分析、疲劳分析及安装分析,介绍了SCR立管的主要设计规范和软件.展望了SCR立管在我国深水开发中的应用前景.     

立管卡子安装方法探讨

近年来,中国海洋石油工业发展迅猛。为了控制油田总体开发成本,新建的海上采油平台往往依托于原有平台的工艺处理和油气集输系统。这就需要铺设相应的海底管道和电缆,将新旧平台连接起来。海管和平台之间需要通过安装在导管架上的立管来连接,而用来固定立管的结构物一立管卡子的安装步骤是比较复杂的,通常需要动用大型浮吊船舶,成本高昂。本文系统地介绍了利用气动绞车安装立管卡子装方法。该方法可以不借助浮吊,有效地节约了工程成本。     

崖城13-4气田开发项目立管、脐带缆护管安装及海管交叉段预处理工程技术

由中海石油有限公司湛江分公司和上海打捞局签订的崖城13—4气田开发项目立管、脐带缆护管安装及海管交叉段预处理工程从2011年7月11日动员开始到2011年12月2日复原结束，前后历经3662个小时，取得了圆满的成功。     

深水双管系整体安装技术探索

为了在已有平台新增立管,需要通过管卡将立管连接到导管架上.在崖城13-1油气田已有平台新增立管安装过程中,摒弃传统的管卡,立管分步安装的安装方案,大胆采用富有创新性的“管卡一体,整体安装”的安装方案,成功将立管安装至导管架上.采用“管卡一体,整体安装”的方案,不但有效解决了立管卡子安装同心度难以保证的问题,简化了海上作业步骤,极大地提高了海上作业效率,缩短了施工时间,降低了工程费用.     

STT根焊对海管铺设效率影响分析

根焊是海管焊接的重要环节,是决定海管焊接质量及效率的关键因素。文章结合某项目在缅甸海域铺设3条单层水泥配重海管的实例,分析了STT根焊工艺对海管铺设效率的影响,总结并归纳了一些值得借鉴的海管焊接施工方法,为将来类似海管铺设项目提供参考。     

深水立管海上安装设计简述

本文从海上安装设计角度,并结合我公司总包的泰国雪佛龙项目,对于水深大于60m的深水立管安装设计进行简述.立管尺寸φ219.1×14.3mm,长度71m.安装设计水深68m.施工船舶BH109船.在这一深度的海域施工,并安装一条这一长度的立管,对于我们来说是一次挑战.该立管采用整体吊装的方法,由BH109船的主吊机起吊,并由船舷吊协助吊装.在安装过程中,还需要穿越一个平台的靠船件,这在以前的施工中是没有遇到过的.本文通过对该项目立管安装设计的简述,希望能为今后的工程设计提供一些有益的经验.     

自升式可移动钻井船海管登平台技术

鉴于采用常规固定式平台进行浅海海洋石油工程开发周期长、经济门槛高的工程现状,本文创造性地提出采用自升式可移动钻井船并利用海底管道对新发现的构造进行快速开发,实现油气回收,同时考虑项目工期、成本和可操作性要求,以及自升式可移动钻井船水平位移大等难点,首次提出了“刚性立管+软管膨胀弯”的混合海管登平台方案,计算分析了其可行性,并与传统的“动态软管”、“刚性立管膨胀弯”和“软管穿护管”海管登平台等方案进行优缺点对比。该混合海管登平台方案不仅解决钻井船大位移技术挑战,而且利于国内采办,为今后类似边小油气田快速开发提供很好的借鉴作用。     

深水FPSO立管导管及基座结构设计分析

以一艘深水超大型FPSO柔性动态跨接软管的导管及基座结构为例,介绍立管导管及基座的总体布置和详细设计对基本设计的优化.立管导管及基座结构设计考虑了FPSO在位操作、极端环境、跨接软管海上安装、立管事故、FPSO船舱破损和远洋拖航等工况.按某石油公司企业标准要求开展了立管关断阀油气泄漏扩散、燃爆连锁风险定量分析,确定了立管导管及基座结构设计爆炸超压,分析了立管导管及基座结构抗爆炸事故工况的强度,进行了立管导管及基座结构被动防火设计.基于疲劳累积损伤的分析方法,预报了立管导管及基座结构的疲劳寿命.     

新型深水立管提升系统设计及展望

描述了深水油气开发中立管安装工艺、关键技术和分析方法。针对S型铺管船进行立管安装时存在的托管架难以靠近平台、张力转化复杂,水下操作多等难题,设计了一套全新的深水立管提升系统。该系统适用于1 500~3 000m水深处钢质悬链线立管(SCR)的安装,实现了S型铺管船在铺管完成后即能直接进行安装立管,减少了大型船舶的动复员,有效节约了成本。另外,这套深水立管提升系统通过改进也可用于安装其他管道上的结构物。     

深海钢悬链线立管（SCR）安装强度分析

在研究深水钢悬链立管（SCR）安装方法基础上,结合实际工程安装经验,提出了深水SCR在J-lay这种铺管方式下的安装方案,应用专业立管安装分析软件Orcaflex对各个安装过程进行实例分析,对安装过程中立管的安装强度进行校核。     

管土作用下的钢悬链线立管动力响应及其疲劳分析

钢悬链线立管的疲劳分析得到越来越多的重视,尤其是其与海床土体相互作用引起的疲劳。本文根据 Aubeny提出的管土作用模型以及 Bridge提出的土体吸力模型,采用有限元方法,在考虑其与海床土体相互作用的基础上,分析了钢悬链线立管在不同载况作用下的动力响应及疲劳损伤。分析发现,钢悬链线立管上触地点和悬挂点处的疲劳损伤更为显著;洋流载荷对立管疲劳损伤的影响随着水深的增加而减弱;土体吸力的存在,会增大触地段尤其是触地点附近的疲劳损伤;立管触地点附近的疲劳损伤与土体刚度呈正相关。     

Influence of seabed trench formation on fatigue performance of steel catenary risers in touchdown zone

The subsea survey results using remote operating vehicles (ROV) show that trenches with a depth of several riser diameters can be developed underneath the steel catenary risers (SCR). Therefore, an important question in respect of the riser–seabed interaction is, how the trench formation beneath the riser affects the riser fatigue performance in the touchdown zone. A common methodology reported in literature to study the impact of trench formation on riser fatigue life is the insertion of an artificial mathematical expression of the riser profile into the seabed. This study shows that such methodology can be inconsistent and leading to contradictory results. The current paper has employed ABAQUS finite element software and coded a non-linear soil hysteretic model to automatically simulate the variable seabed stiffness and the gradual trench development through the touchdown zone. In this method, the seabed model parameters are initially adjusted to extreme values allowing trench with desired depth to be developed over a moderate number of displacement cycles of the SCR. The design wave scatter diagram is then applied, simulating a generic Spar system, after switching the model parameters to values with normal range. The paper presents the impact of trenches of different depths on the fatigue performance of SCRs in the touchdown zone.     

塔式立管的国内外工程应用现状

考虑到塔式立管在中国南海油气开发工程中具有应用前景,通过调研,系统分析塔式立管的工程应用现状、结构特点、安装方式.     

钢悬链线的涡激振动分析

文章介绍了立管在不同流剖面下的涡激振动实验,然后给出了简支钢悬链线的静态方程和基于能量平衡原理的涡激振动频域预报理论.之后提出把钢悬链的参数转化为顶部张紧钻井隔水管的参数的思想.通过预报顶部张紧钻井隔水管的涡激振动响应,得到钢悬链线的涡激振动响应.文中还研究了不同的顶部预张力和不同流剖面对钢悬链线的涡激振动响应影响.结果表明立管的固有频率和模态数的关系足线性的,并且立管的均方根位移和激励的模态数不仅与流速的大小和变化范围有关,还与顶部预张力有关.     

Real-time estimation of riser's deformed shape using inclinometers and Extended Kalman Filter

The real-time monitoring of underwater risers, cables, and mooring lines by multiple sensors is in great demand but still very challenging. In this study, a new real-time riser monitoring method based on an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed. It estimates the overall shape of riser in real-time utilizing the measured signals from multiple bi-axial (inclination and heading) inclinometers along the riser. The novel EKF algorithm is shown to be robust against sensor noises and successfully reproduces the actual riser profiles at each time step, which has been verified by multiple tests through numerical simulations. For verification, a turret-moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) with a SCR (Steel Catenary Riser) is employed in four different random waves and currents. Subsequent algorithms are also developed so that the corresponding bending and axial stresses along the riser can also be estimated in real time from the obtained riser shape, which can further be used for the real-time estimation of fatigue-damage accumulation.     

深水SCR立管触地区域管土作用研究进展(英文)

钢悬链线立管作为一种全新的深水立管系统已经在国外多个项目中应用,总结了有关深水钢悬链线立管触地区域管土相互作用的研究进展,主要包括STRIDE和CAluSIMA工业合作计划的研究数据和其他的相关论文,能够为国内深水钢悬链线立管的研究提供参考.     

Riser-soil interaction model effects on the dynamic behavior of a steel catenary riser

A mathematical model employed to analyze the global dynamics of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) taking into account the interaction with the seafloor and the effect of the soil reaction forces is established. The choice of soil model plays an important role for the dynamic behavior of SCRs. The riser has been modeled using flexible beam with large curvature and elastic foundation beam to describe the riser-soil interaction by means of realistic nonlinear load-deflection (P–y) curves. The study is made to improve an existing finite element numerical code for dynamic analysis of mooring lines and risers, known as CABLE 3D, which is based on a slender rod assumption. Effects of nonlinear seabed model on the dynamic behavior of SCRs under vessel cyclic perturbation have further been investigated and discussed using a realistic P–y curve to simulate soil deformation and resistance forces. The interaction model depends on several factors, such as soil strength, penetration depth and riser characteristics. The dynamic responses of the riser Touchdown Point (TDP) excited by vessel periodic heave motion are studied and the results are compared with those from the linear spring model. SCR has been perturbed by 10 regular sinusoidal cycles and the responses calculated by improved code show a number of features such as suction force mobilization, gradual increasing penetration depth, and gradual reduction of soil resistance at maximum penetration. The riser behavior at the touchdown zone (TDZ) depends on the riser top motion amplitude, nonlinear soil stiffness and suction force. The impact of the riser-soil interaction model on the dynamic behavior in the TDZ has been thoroughly studied in this paper.     

A systemic review of shipboard SCR installations in practice

Growing customer demands and more stringent regulations to reduce harmful air emissions from ships have resulted in an increased interest for the installation of shipboard abatement technologies. Specifically, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was early adopted by several Swedish shipping companies. The potential NO_x reduction efficiency of the SCR is well established, but the practical experiences of shipboard installations have been less documented. This paper reviews from a systems perspective the practical experiences of marine SCR installations in Swedish shipping. The aim is to identify important not only technical but also human and organizational conditions necessary for safe, efficient, and sustainable SCR operations at sea. Further, to investigate to what extent the capabilities and limitations of human operators and maintainers are taken into account in the design and installation phase of the systems. Two focus group interviews (n?=?10) and five individual interviews were held with relevant stakeholders in the industry, following a semi-structured schedule on the themes installation, operation, maintenance, and training. The results show that deficiencies in the overall system design—with a combination of technical issues, maintenance access problems, and untrained operators with inadequate understanding of the SCR process—have led to inefficient, costly, and unsafe operations. It is concluded that installations and operations of marine SCR systems, and possibly other forthcoming abatement technologies, would benefit from the use of traditional ergonomic principles and methods. This would in turn contribute towards increased sustainability and a reduced environmental impact from shipping.     

隔水管垂直存放系统设计简介

隔水管垂直存放系统是一种新颖的隔水管处理系统,它是钻机行业井架内钻杆垂直存放系统成功解决方法的外延应用。通过对隔水管垂直存放系统的设计基础、系统组成、主要设备参数、系统保护等有关问题的阐述分析,指出隔水管垂直存放系统的解决方案对钻井装置的布置合理性影响很大,应引起重视。