S-57标准电子海图及其在航海中的应用

随着电子海图系统在船舶上的逐步普及，越来越多的人开始关注并加入到电子海图相关标准及系统的研究中来，文章从电子海图数据采用标准、数据信息显示系统两大方面对电子海图进行了介绍，分析了电子海图的现状及发展趋势，论证了电子海图在保障船舶航行安全方面的重要作用。     

海兰信助推中国ECDIS电子海图培训

为满足各航海高等院校及培训中心对电子海图培训的需求．北京海兰信数据科技股份有限公司凭借10多年的航海设备研发和生产经验．及自主研发的电子海图系统（HLD—ECS100）和电子海图显示与信息系统（HLD—ECDIS1000）．与上海海事大学及多家培训中心展开培训合作,提供电子海图培训的整体解决方案．推进国内ECDIS电子海图培训进程。     

电子海图已跨入实用时代

电子海图作为综合船桥系统的重要组成部分，已在大型油轮、集装箱船，豪华游轮上等得到了广泛应用，本主要介绍与电子海图有关的规定，名的电子海图公司及产品等，以使船东在引进电子海图时借鉴。     

21世纪初期我国电子海图应用技术展望

本文历史回顾了国际上电子海图的发展情况,介绍了90年代中期以前我国电子海图的基本技术状态,并对我国电子海图从开发、试用到进入实用阶段的基础条件及需要进一步解决的问题提出一些看法,对21世纪初期我国电子海图应用技术发展前景进行了展望.     

一种基于数据库的电子海图快速拼接方法

多幅电子海图的快速拼接显示是电子海图系统不可或缺的功能,拼接显示的速度及边缘衔接质量是衡量电子海图显示系统性能的两个重要方面。本文通过分析电子海图的拼接显示流程,从空间数据存储及海图拼接绘制两个方面给出针对多幅电子海图的快速拼接方法:基于数据库存储空间数据方案充分利用空间索引提高海图信息搜索效率,进而设计合理的海图拼接流程实现多幅海图高质量的拼接显示。与此同时,在Ubuntu系统下验证了该方法在海图拼接显示速度和海图边缘衔接质量两方面的有效性,并说明该拼接方法在多平台下的适用性。     

瓦片式电子海图图片生成与编码分析

介绍电子海图的一般投影方式和特点,对切分电子海图瓦片需要解决的电子海图分辨率、比例尺,海图坐标系和切分后海图瓦片的编码进行分析。     

电子海图矢量数据交换标准研究动态

电子海图系统使用的数据库中的数据，无论在内容、结构及格式等方面都应符合标准化的要求，数据库是电子海图系统的核心，因此，电子海图矢量数据交换标准的研究一直是世界各国开发电子海图应用系统所关注的焦点。通过对军用矢量数字海图格式、S-57交换标准3．1版和未来的S-57交换标准4．0版三个标准的深入研究，从理论数据模型、数据结构以及数据传输的编码规则等多方面进行了全面阐述，指明了今后电子海图矢量数据交换标准的发展方向。     

现代航海的宠儿--电子海图

电子海图(electronic chart)是在海测和航海领域使用频率最高的新名词之一,是在显示器上显示出海图信息和其他航行信息,所以也称为"屏幕海图".其主要由海图数据库、海图改正系统、附加功能设备、微处理机以及显示器五部分组成.更确切的讲,具有附加功能设备的电子海图应称为电子海图显示与信息系统(ECDIS).电子海图是把纸海图上的资料和信息储存起来,并提供经综合加工处理的各种航行所需的"动态信息",再由显示器显示出来.随着计算机系统在航海及海测领域越来越多的应用,电子海图也得到了长足的发展,在现代航海中显示出了无与伦比的优越性,使航海及海测变得更加简便.安全,进一步促进了世界航海事业的发展.     

电子海图与船舶其它导航设备的配接

电子海图的优点是尽人皆知的，但如何配置电子海图，对电子海图有什么基本要求与其它导航设备的联接则很有有所论述。本文将介绍电子海图的优点、主要功能、各种电子海图的比较和选择，特别从系统联接角度，介绍了电子海图系统的配接。     

航运

强制性安装电子海图障碍众多尽管目前越来越多的证据表明电子海图显示及信息系统(Ecdis)使得航行更加安全便捷,但将之作为航行的强制性要求还需要很长时间。电子海图显示及信息系统     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

疏浚清淤脱水工艺及工程应用进展

目前针对疏浚底泥的减量化与资源化技术研究成果颇多，工程应用却依然存在较多技术难题。针对疏浚技术成果工程化应用难的问题，对目前疏浚清淤工程常用的疏浚方法、底泥脱水工艺、絮凝药剂的选配以及后期的余水深度处理技术工程应用进展进行总结分析，指出研究成果工程化应用的难点，并对今后疏浚工程管理与研究提出建议：一方面，应加强内河湖库底泥污染基础调查及治理规划，完善和健全相关法律法规与技术标准；另一方面，应加强设备智能化与自动化研发，促进产学研合作，加强成果转化。     

Cultural Models of the Coast in Australia: Toward Sustainability

Cultural models of the coast affect—and are affected by—our marine ethics, frameworks for coastal ownership, and management practices. The coast can be seen as an ecosystem with intrinsic values, a commodity that can be bought and sold, a community place where people meet, a landscape with aesthetic appeal, a productive system that generates profits, a property to be managed, or a spiritual realm that relates to proper order and reverence. Each of these cultural constructions interacts with the others and this can create conflicts over rights and responsibilities. Each construction has implications for who should manage the coast, to what ends, and by what means. This article explores the negative and positive implications of seven cultural models to the Australian coast and makes suggestions about the value of Australian Indigenous and sustainability perspectives to a durable human relationship with the coast. Examples are drawn from recent coastal developments in Australia, such as Native Title debates, the marine protected area process, and Coastcare.     

Influence of Governance Context on the Management Performance of Marine Protected Area Networks

In the Philippines, networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) are more complex than individual MPAs, primarily due to involvement of multiple governance units. Hence, there is a need to understand the influence of governance context of networks on management performance. We addressed this need indirectly by evaluating the participation of network members and the governance capacity of three MPA networks with varying sizes, histories, and compositions of local governments and constituencies. We defined participation as the involvement of local governments and other stakeholders in decision-making processes. We defined governance capacity as the ability to govern interactions of social, economic, and political processes and dynamics in a political unit. We used qualitative, semi-structured key informant interviews and focus group discussions to ascertain whether participation and governance capacity are influenced by network size, institutional arrangements, and social and political contexts. We found that the sizes of the MPA networks did not affect participation and governance capacity. Instead, participation and capacity were influenced by institutional arrangements and the socioeconomic and political contexts of the local governments involved. We found that less complicated network objectives and systems for engagement, more inclusive membership, better communication, incentive systems, and strong leadership enhanced participation and governance capacity.     

中国古代造船业对世界的贡献与影响(连载一)

中国的独木舟出现可能与西方同期，风帆出现比埃及晚，但是一经问世，技术上先进程度却是惊人的，特别是公元前后到十五世纪，许多发明创造更是举世瞩目。这些发明和创造，不但丰富和发展了自己，而且使世界各国受益非浅，极大地促进了世界造船业发展与航海贸易进行，其贡献是辉宏的。通过以船型、水密舱壁、明轮推进、船舵与使帆技术、船体建造及其工艺、导航技术、造船理论、船舶检验与管理、水战兵器、郑和下西洋意义等十个方面进行介绍，它充分证明了中华民族有着光辉灿烂的文化，中国人民，是勤劳智慧的人民。在增加民族自豪感同时，也激励我们继往开来，与时俱进，勇往直前。     

Disused shrimp ponds: Options for redevelopment of mangroves

Associated with the rapid increase in the production of cultured marine shrimp has been large‐scale conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds. Production in many regions has proved to be unsustainable, largely due to inappropriate construction methods, poor environmental conditions, overstocking, and disease. A number of shrimp ponds consequently are unproductive and lie idle. Accurate assessments of pond disuse are difficult to obtain; however, unofficial estimates have suggested that as many as 70% of ponds may be disused after a period in production. Pond construction, shrimp culture, and pond disuse lead to alterations to the physical and chemical properties of soil, hydrological conditions, and the flora and fauna composition of the pond area. The case for restoration, or rehabilitation to a sustainable use, is strong. Consideration must be given to the causes of production failure, the environmental conditions remaining following disuse, the needs and preferences of pond owners and coastal managers, and technical constraints.     

基于WebGL和有限元的码头三维设计与计算仿真

在复杂的码头工程中,三维设计与有限元计算仿真不仅能够解决Autocad图纸表现力不足的问题,还能提高设计 效率,为结构分析和优化设计提供有力参考。针对码头平面设计难以与有限元计算衔接、三维有限元模型难以用于交流的 问题,将有限元与WebGL技术结合起来,开发出一套3D设计仿真一体化程序。该程序依托Autocad、Adina平台,从二维图 纸出发,能够半自动化地生成有限元计算文件,该文件可以直接提交运算,得到应力、温度等各项指标。计算结果经过进 一步处理能够在网络平台展示计算结果、实现界面交互。该套技术方案实现了3D设计、计算、展示的统一,成功地应用于 工程实例,取得了良好的效果。     

船舶检验与规则规范分类

船舶及其产品的检验分为法定检验和入级检验。在法定检验规则中，重点介绍了IMO的公约、规则、决议和通函的性质和特点，将与船舶有关的ILO第92号、第133号公约与MLC2006进行了比较，列出了各国部分法定检验机构的缩写。在入级检验规范中，涉及IACS共同规范、HCSR、统一要求和统一解释，并简要阐明13个IACS会员船级社的中英文全称、缩写、网址和E-mail。值得注意的是，规则和规范均处于不断修正中，必须采用合同签字日已生效的现行有效文本。     

陆丰海洋基地码头工程防波堤平面布置

为保障泊稳条件、减轻工程对周边岸线的影响、合理降低工程投资,对陆丰海洋基地码头工程防波堤平面布置进行研究。结合波浪和潮流观测资料、遥感影像历史资料,运用波浪、潮流泥沙及岸滩演变数值模拟手段,分析陆丰海洋基地所在地水文特性,厘清不同防波堤平面布置方案下泊稳条件、波浪荷载、流场变化、泥沙运动及岸滩演变特点,探讨工程平面布置方案的优劣。经对比分析,考虑预留更多的扩建空间及分期建设的便利性,建议采用东北开口方案,暂不延长防波堤,并对受影响岸段辅以相应的岸滩整治措施。     

无线传感器网络技术及应用研究

传感器网络是由用于收集并传播环境数据的一些微小的，低功耗的传感器组成的密集的无线网络。他们可以很精确的在较远距离侦测和收集到物理环境的相关数据。无线传感器网络在军事、环境监测、交通管理、医疗、工业和民用等许多方面的潜在的巨大应用价值致使军事部门和工业界都对它非常关注。介绍了传感器网络的特点、结构形式及传感器网络的相关标准，概述了其广泛的应用前景，对当前国内外的研究动态进行了归纳总结，并提出几点应用中需注意的问题。