浅谈双层壳油船防污染的作用

双层壳船在低速的情况下发生一般性的碰撞事故时，仅外层船体承受力被击穿，液货舱依然完整，防止海上溢油的发生，减少了海上污染。但双层壳油船也存在一些不可忽视的问题。为了能够真正作到防止海上污染事故的发生，不仅应从改造结构上采取措施，而且还应该提高船员的素质，加强船员的责任心，加速老龄船的淘汰，添置新设备等。     

船舶管理缺陷的认定及规避

近几年来，我国海运得到了迅猛发展，为了保障船舶及船员生命、财产安全及防止发生海上交通事故，避免造成水域污染，各地海事部门加强了对沿海运输船舶安全检查力度，防止低质量船、不适航船舶的航行。本文通过阐述海事安全检查的内容、对船舶发生缺陷的原因进行分析，有针对性的提出了加强船舶管理以减少缺陷及避免滞留的措施。     

一种防止运输皮带纵向撕裂检测方法

为防止运输皮带纵向撕裂,研发了一种新型的皮带纵向撕裂检测方法.介绍了运输皮带撕裂发生的原因,以及利用检测装置及时测出故障点,防止事故发生的做法.由此减少设备停机时间,减少经济损失,保证生产的顺利进行.     

探讨跨江桥梁通航净空尺度和通航安全保障措施

讨论跨江桥梁的通航净空尺度的计算公式和通航安全保障措施，防止因通航净空尺度的不足，而限制了较大船型（队）无法通过，影响航运船力，同时可减少船舶航行事故的发生。     

油轮货物短缺防范探究

有效防止油轮货物短缺,减少货物索赔事件的发生是油轮船东关注的重要问题之一。通过对此问题的研究解析,笔者发现,只要考虑周密,科学做好货物管理与操作工作,充分准备好抗辩证据,就能够有效地防止货物短缺,减少货物索赔事件的发生。     

浅议沿海中小型船舶防碰撞措施

文中基于沿海中小型船舶现场检验的经验和对船舶碰撞事故的调查,分析导致碰撞事故发生的各种因素,提出防止碰撞事故发生的安全措施,以期避免和减少该类事故的发生。     

论船舶防碰撞整治措施

文章通过对船舶碰撞事故的分析,提出防止船舶碰撞事故发生的安全措施,有助于减少船舶碰撞事故的发生。     

OIL船舶油污的责任

随着船舶油污的威胁日趋严重，特别是在“Torrey Canyon”号事件之后，人们越来越认识到，必项在一个国际的水平上采取更多的行动，以减少油污的排放，并在油污事故发生后，能够分清责任，给予受害方以足够的赔偿。为此国际社会和许多国家制定了众多的公约和法规，以防止、减少油污事故，并对油污责任进行划分。     

安全评价的基本原理

安全评价是进行科学的安全管理的必要前提，只有对整个系统进行深入细致准确的安全评价后，才能够制定出有针对性的安全管理措施，进而实现减少和防止意外事故发生的目标。本文介绍了安全评价活动中常用的一些基本原理。     

一起柴油主机活塞头裂纹的故障分析和对策

基于一起发生在6UEC52LS机型、活塞为油冷却的船舶主机上，由于主机NO.1缸活塞头顶部开裂而导致主机增压器损坏的机损事故。分析总结了事故的起因、采取应对措施的正确与否，提出了对防止此类事故的再次发生所应采取的预防类日常维修保养的要求，阐述了航行当中及停泊期间的检查要点，并且明确地指出：一旦主机发生此类故障，应减少负荷但不能采取单缸停油的措施，以使燃烧室的滑油与燃油一起燃烧，防止积油产生油气发生；令爆，从而避免造成主机增压器的损坏。     

货运技术与海损事故

本文结合稳性不足与倾覆沉船事故、大型散货船强度不足与船体毁损事故、货堆倒塌移动与倾斜倾覆事故、湿货渗水流动与倾斜倾覆事故、甲板货装载不当与船体损伤及倾覆沉船事故、“危险货物”装运不当与船毁人伤及水域污染事故等六个突出问题,系统地阐明了货运技术与海损事故的因果关系,并提出相应预防措施,以供广大航运工作者借鉴,从而达到避免或减少海上事故的目的     

港口工程重大事故隐患辨识的研究

我国目前尚未制定港口工程重大事故隐患辨识的相关规定或标准,人们对港口工程重大事故隐患的认定没有统一的认识,差异很大,为此,提出了港口工程重大事故隐患辨识的3种研究方法(事故演绎、事故隐患风险评估和专家咨询),为以后制定港口工程重大事故隐患辨识标准提供了技术支持。     

海损事故中自然因素的定量分析

本文运用船舶交通工程学原理，研讨了上海港的海事资料，提出了海损事故自然因素的定量分析公式，对影响海事的自然因素的种类、评判标准、评判方法进行了论述。定量地分析了按月份、时间、星期、农历、流速、风速划分的海事发生系数，定性分析了其它自然因素，提出了减少、预防、预测海损事故的方法和建议。     

台湾海峡水域搁浅事故的方差分析

船舶搁浅事故造成的经济损失和海洋环境污染是台湾海峡水域主要危害之一.为减少搁浅事故的发生,使台湾海峡水域的船舶航行更安全、海洋环境更清洁,以台湾海峡水域搁浅事故为例,在统计分析船舶搁浅事故特征的基础上,选用方差分析法对搁浅事故因素相关性和差异性进行了系统的分析.提出了台湾海峡水域搁浅事故中人为因素所占比例最高,水深不足...     

基于层次分析法的船舶事故人因可靠性研究

人因可靠性评估方法（HRA）能较好地反应操作人员的失误和事故产生的直接原因,所以在船舶事故分析中起到了一定的作用,但是也有其局限性,如忽视了组织管理对船舶事故发生的影响等.针对人因可靠性评估方法的不足,在HRA分析的基础上,采用层次分析法（AHP）,综合考虑人的行为和决策以及组织管理因素对船舶事故的影响,客观地体现各个因素在船舶事故中的作用.     

船舶违章行为与水上交通事故关系的研究

船舶违法违章行为导致的水上交通事故时有发生,成为水上交通的安全隐患。文中从水上交通事故处理实践出发,对船舶违章行为与水上交通事故的关系以及相互之间责任的认定进行论述,并提出相应的解决方法和途径。     

The analysis of life safety and economic loss in marine accidents occurring in the Turkish Straits

The increase in the world's trading capacity, which has been spurred by globalization, has caused problems in marine transportation, namely congestion. Despite the safety measures currently in place, marine accidents are still not being prevented. This study focuses on marine accidents in the Turkish Straits that have done serious harm to humans, the natural environment, and the economy. To reduce the negative impacts mentioned above, this study considered the most common types of accidents, their causes, and their results. For this purpose, 850 serious marine accidents, which took place in the Turkish Straits between the years of 2001 and 2010 (as recorded by the Undersecretaries for Maritime Affairs), have been analyzed and the data obtained have been systematically tabulated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. According to the data, the most significant cause of marine accidents in the Turkish Straits is human error. This study proposes measures to ensure that ship personnel are competent, mentally and physically, to navigate narrow and dangerous waterways in order to minimize the amount of accidents caused by human error.     

Marine accident analysis for collision and grounding in oil tanker using FTA method

In this study, collision and grounding data registered in GISIS (Global Integrated Shipping Information System) were investigated for oil tankers. The database includes the information of the collision and grounding accidents during the period between 1998 and 2010 in oil tankers. The risk assessments were carried out using fault tree analysis (FTA) programme for the incidents as collision and grounding occurred in oil tankers. In this study, we were able to investigate first the potential problems which cause the collision and grounding accidents have been determined, second, the occurrence of accidents has been shown with causal factors by the FTA method, and, finally, the significance degree of the initial events causing occurrence of accidents have been put forth. Collision in oil tanker resulted in economical loss (81%), pollution (6%) and death or injury (13%). Grounding in oil tanker resulted in economical loss (91%) and pollution (9%). According to the FTA results, the main reason for the accidents originating from human error is as follows: for collision accidents, Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG) violation and the lack of communication between vessels; and for grounding accidents, the interpretation failure of the officer on watch and lack of communication in the bridge resource management.     

Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.     

基于FTA的渔船海损事故分析

事故树分析(FTA)是一种重要而常用的系统安全分析方法。将该方法运用到了渔船海事分析中,并以渔船触礁事故为例运用事故树描述事故的因果关系,进行定性分析,确定出事故的主要因素,提出了事故的控制措施。研究结果表明,在渔船海损事故分析中应用事故树分析方法,有利于对事故的全面分析,便于找出引发事故的直接原因,总结经验,提出事故预防措施,降低事故发生率,保障渔业生产的健康发展。