利用微气泡层减少平板阻力的边界层模型计算

以流体中光滑平板为例，建立微气泡层覆盖平板的气液简单边界层模型，采用平板层流理论，对给定的一系列气泡喷射速度参数和流体特性参数计算了微气泡状态下平板的摩擦阻力，结果显示微气泡对平板有明显减阻效果；最后给出了气体边界层的速度分布和剪切应力分布。     

湍流激励下简支平板振动特性的解析法研究

解析法基于随机激励理论,采用湍流脉动压力的Corcos模型作为输入,结合考虑流固耦合时平板的频响函数,求解得到平板振动速度的自功率谱密度。计算结果同已有文献吻合较好,证明了解析法的正确性。同时研究结果表明：湍流激励下平板的振动特性体现了平板本身的固有特性;随着来流速度的增大,平板振速的均方谱密度幅值按一定的数值关系增大。     

正交加筋板中板梁耦合动力特性北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在探究正交加筋板中板梁构件的动力耦合关系及其对正交加筋板本征动力特性的影响机理和影响规律。[方法]以不同弯曲刚度比的正交加筋板模型为研究对象,采用有限元法计算自由边界和固支边界下正交加筋板模型的固有频率及振型,通过分析正交加筋板模型的固有频率及振型随板梁弯曲刚度比的变化规律,探究正交加筋板中加强筋与平板两种构件间的动力耦合特性。[结果]研究表明,在板梁构件弯曲刚度变化过程中,正交加筋板主要表现为板类动力特性为主导和板梁耦合动力特性两种形式。得到了这两种形式转变过程中的临界板梁弯曲刚度比及其判据。[结论]板梁动力耦合现象对固有频率的影响主要表现为改变固有频率随弯曲刚度比的变化速率,对固有振型的影响主要表现为使板类振型产生错位分布和形态畸变。     

轮印载荷作用下波纹型夹层板格强度特性分析

针对轮印块状载荷下的波纹型夹层板格结构,建立了应力分析计算方法。该方法基于Mindlin-Reissner板理论的夹层板格整体弯曲计算和经典板理论的芯材间上面板的局部弯曲计算,并将二者叠加得到轮印载荷下夹层板格总的弯曲特性。开发了基于MATLAB的计算程序,能方便地调整夹层板格尺寸及轮印块载荷的位置、尺寸和载荷值,计算相应的板格变形和各特征点应力值。讨论了结构尺寸参数、轮印载荷尺寸参数等对上面板局部弯曲应力及板格整体弯曲应力的影响特性,为这类结构的设计和优化提供有益的参考。     

微气泡层减阻的边界层模型计算

以流体中光滑平板为例,建立微气泡层覆盖平板的气液简单边界层模型,采用平板层流理论,对给定的气泡喷射参数和流体特性参数计算了微气泡层状态下平板的摩擦阻力,结果显示微气泡层对平板有明显减阻效果;最后给出了气体边界层的速度分布和剪切应力分布.     

均匀流中单向加筋平板远场声辐射特性研究

本文从最简单的光滑平板开始,建立其均匀流中振动和声辐射的理论模型,给出研究声振耦合系统的基本思路;然后以此为基础进一步开展结构稍复杂的单向加筋平板声振特性理论研究,建立研究均匀流中单向加筋平板声振特性的基本理论模型和计算方法,为更复杂的舰艇结构声振特性研究奠定基础。数值研究中先通过有效分析和收敛性分析验证所建立理论模型的有效性及级数解所需项数,在此基础上再分析流速、材料属性以及结构尺寸对均匀流中单向加筋平板远场声辐射特性的影响规律。     

沟槽面减阻效果影响因素及减阻机理的分析

采用雷诺平均N-S方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型计算V型沟槽面的湍流边界层流动和粘性阻力,研究了沟槽尖峰形状和雷诺数对减阻效果的影响规律,初步分析了沟槽面减阻机理.指出:沟槽尖峰处的圆角半径越小其减阻效果越好,沟槽斜面中下部的壁面应力随着圆角半径的减小而降低,但尖峰处的局部壁面应力会随之增大;来流速度对沟槽减阻率的影响很大,对于一种尺度的V型沟槽,存在着一个具有较好减阻效果的来流速度范围,而沟槽面在沿来流方向上的布置位置对减阻效果的影响非常小;沟槽尺度对减阻效果很剧烈;沟槽尖峰处生成的二次涡是产生减阻效果的根本原因,二次涡的强弱与沟槽减阻率的大小紧密相关.     

正交加筋板本征动力特性的尺度效应研究北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了探究不同尺度板架结构本征动力特性之间的联系与区别,分析并探讨正交加筋板中梁、板构件及其耦合结构本征动力特性的尺度效应。[方法]以不同尺度的梁、平板和正交加筋板模型为研究对象,采用有限元方法计算不同尺度梁、平板和正交加筋板模型的固有频率和振型,通过对比自由边界和简支边界下单位尺度模型固有频率和振型随尺度变化规律的异同,探讨边界条件对尺度效应的影响;通过对比耦合结构与梁和平板模型固有频率和振型随尺度变化规律的异同,探究梁、板构件动力耦合对正交加筋板本征动力特性尺度效应的影响。[结果]研究表明,自由边界条件下单位尺度内模型固有频率随尺度的变化规律虽然不再遵循“固有频率与尺度的平方成反比”的规律,但大体上与之相近。[结论]梁、板构件动力耦合会导致单位尺度内正交加筋板模型特定阶数固有频率随尺度的变化规律发生由急剧减小到逐渐增大的转变,还会引起特定尺度和特定阶数模态的错位分布和形态畸变。     

高速破片侵彻下防护液舱后板的载荷特性数值分析

利用LS_DYNA软件,对高速破片侵彻防护液舱过程中液舱后板的载荷特性进行仿真研究,分析液舱后板载荷的空间分布特性及破片的速度和厚度对液舱后板载荷的影响,得到了液舱后板任一点的压力峰值和比冲量的拟合计算公式。研究表明,液舱后板的载荷在板中心(即破片中心在液舱后板上的投影点)最大,随着到中心点的距离增加而呈指数衰减;增加破片的速度或厚度,将使液舱后板任一点的压力峰值和比冲量均增大。     

不同深度V沟槽结构的圆柱绕流减阻机理

在圆柱表面布置不同深度的V形沟槽,采用k-ω/SST湍流模型进行数值计算,研究其减阻效果,分析圆柱表面的升力系数、阻力系数、速度分布及尾流漩涡脱落状态.结果 表明,与光滑圆柱表面相比,V形沟槽深度为0.04D的减阻效果最好,阻力系数相对于光滑圆柱表面减小了34.4％.当沟槽深度为0.04D时,升力系数的均方差最小,相对于光滑圆柱表面减小了16％;随着沟槽深的增加,St先增大后减小,当沟槽深为0.04D或0.05D时,漩涡脱落频率发生明显变化;当沟槽深度为0.04D时,圆柱前后速度差最小.随着槽深的增加,尾流漩涡表现出强度减小数量增多的趋势,当槽深为0.05D时,漩涡脱落呈双稳态.     

附加双分流板的方形横截面管涡脱落控制减阻研究（英文）

In this paper we have made a numerical study on the control of vortex shedding and drag reduction of a cylinder by attaching thin splitter plates. The wake structure of the cylinder of square cross-section with attached splitter plates is analyzed for a range of Reynolds number, based on the incident stream and height of the cylinder, in the laminar range. The Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are solved by the control volume method over a staggered grid arrangement. We have used the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation(SIMPLE) algorithm for computation. Our results show that the presence of a splitter plate upstream of the cylinder reduces the drag, but it has a small impact on the vortex shedding frequency when the plate length is beyond 1.5 time the height of the cylinder. The presence of a downstream splitter plate dampens the vortex shedding frequency. The entrainment of fluid into the inner side of the separated shear layers is obstructed by the downstream splitter plate. Our results suggest that by attaching in-line splitter plates both upstream and downstream of the cylinder, the vortex shedding can be suppressed, as well as a reduction in drag be obtained. We made a parametric study to determine the optimal length of these splitter plates so as to achieve low drag and low vortex shedding frequency.     

水火弯板局部收缩和整体变形的理论分析

简述水火弯板成形原理，分析了曲板局收缩与整体成形关系确定的重要性，应用分段圆弧样条函数拟合曲板的辊轧线。推导了两种典型双向曲度板和扭曲板的整体成形所需局部收缩量的计算公式，给出两个实船板算例，讨论误差产生的原因，提出了下一步研究内容。     

船舶板梁组合结构的振动分析

采用Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ板单元和参考轴杆单元,建立了考虑板剪切变形、骨架剪切变形和骨架偏心影响的船舶板梁组合结构振动分析模型,并研究比较了不同船舶板梁组合结构振动分析有限元模型的计算精度。最后通过对某舱室甲板固有频率计算值和实测值的比较,讨论了船舶局部结构振动分析中边界条件处理问题。     

New simplified approach to collapse analysis of stiffened plates

A new simplified model for collapse analysis of stiffened plates is developed in the framework of the idealized structural unit method (ISUM). By idealizing material and geometrical nonlinearities, larger structural units are defined as an element in ISUM than in conventional finite element analysis (FEA). The proposed stiffened plate model consists of ISUM plate elements and beam-column elements. The formulation of the plate element is performed by introducing accurate shape functions to simulate the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour of plate panels. Combining plate and beam-column elements allows for both local buckling of the plate panel and overall buckling of the stiffener.Fundamental collapse modes of plate panels and stiffened plates are investigated by conventional FEA. According to the observed characteristics, the new simplified model is formulated. Comparisons with FEA demonstrate the accuracy of the simplified model and its high applicability to typical stiffened plates in marine structures.     

Investigation of heave response of the deepwater octagonal FDPSO using various heave plate configurations

Heave plates can be employed to control undesirable heave motion amplitudes of the deepwater octagonal Floating, Drilling, Production, Storage, and Offloading (FDPSO) platform. Numerical simulations and model tests were applied to analyze and investigate the hydrodynamic response and the feasibility of the heave plate configurations. The diameter and the depth below the free surface of a single-layer heave plate, as well as the spacing of two-layer heave plates, were considered as the primary variables when studying the effect of heave plates on FDPSO hydrodynamics. The analysis results indicate that the heave plate diameter significantly affects the heave hydrodynamics, and heave performance could be improved with an increased diameter. In addition, increasing the depth below the free surface of a single-layer heave plate does not effectively suppress the heave motion within the range of draft depths tested. The target FDPSO obtained better heave characteristics with increased spacing between the two-layer heave plates. Furthermore, the global performances of the octagonal FDPSO with these typical heave plate configurations were comparatively analyzed. The results indicate that from a hydrodynamic point of view, the single-layer heave plate configuration has an advantage over the two-layer heave plate configuration.     

Ice impact response and energy dissipation characteristics of PVC foam core sandwich plates: Experimental and numerical study

In this paper, the dynamic responses and energy dissipation characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core sandwich plates under ice impact are investigated. The ice impact tests of PVC foam core sandwich plates were conducted by employing the horizontal impact experimental apparatus. The finite element simulations were conducted to analyze the dynamic response of PVC foam core sandwich plates based on soil and concrete material model for ice impactor. It was demonstrated that numerical results were in good agreement with experimental results. The deformation modes of the top facesheets were coupling of local indentation with global bending deformation, while the deformation modes of bottom facesheets were overall bending deformation. The permanent deformation of face sheets show that the impact resistance of sandwich plate is better than that of equivalent weight hull plate (EWHP). In addition, based on the actual navigation environment of ship, the effect of impact angle and ice floe shape on dynamic response and energy dissipation are analyzed.     

基于Spalding公式的脊状表面减阻测试方法研究

介绍了一种基于Spalding公式拟合的脊状表面减阻测试方法，相比于用天平等测力设备测试的方法，其优点在于简便实用，从应用实例来看，准确性也是令人满意的．由于该方法依靠的数据基础是壁面边界层内层速度分布，因此，速度分布测量的准确程度是影响该方法测试结果准确与否的决定因素．     

局部板架的振动计算研究

采用直接简化计算的方法对船上常见的局部板架结构的固有频率进行计算和分析研究。考虑到船上常见的局部板架结构和板架所处环境的不同,分3种不同类型的板架,同时考虑所处空间介质和船体内环境的不同,分别进行研究和计算;与激励源相比后适当修改板架的设计加强方式,以达到初期设计阶段避免船体局部共振的目的。     

A detailed finite element investigation of the effects of local lateral high-velocity impacts on the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane compression

In this paper, the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates under uniaxial in-plane compression is numerically studied considering the local lateral impact of a rigid-body impactor. The plates are made of mild steel, where its behaviour is modelled by using the Johnson-Cook material model. The material parameters of the Johnson-Cook material model calibrated by the authors were employed for predicting the behaviour of the target in order to numerically reproduce the impact tests. The value of average in-plane stress of the plates is determined accounting for the collision of rigid-body impactor with masses of 50–150 gr and velocities of 400–1200 m/s. Moreover, the effects of stress waves induced as a result of lateral impact of the rigid-body impactor on the ultimate strength of the plates under uniaxial in-plane compression are also assessed. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of the plate decreases due to stress-wave creation and thus, it is required to take that into account. Besides, it is revealed that assuming the final damaged state of the plate after being laterally impacted by the rigid-body impactor as an initial condition, does not yield a correct response when evaluating its ultimate compressive strength under uniaxial in-plane compression.     

Protective effect of polymer coating on the circular steel plate response to near-field underwater explosions

To understand the intrinsic strong interaction between the soft coating and near-field underwater explosion, a series of comparative live fire tests are implemented. Nine steel circular plates with three configurations (i.e. rubber coated plate, foam coated plate and bare plate) are tested using 1.5 g PETN detonator. The stand-off between the plate center and explosive charge is ranged from 3.41 to 1.14 times of the maximum bubble radius. The transient strain history of the plate and acceleration history of the metal base fixture are monitored. The whole explosion process including local cavitation and bubble motion is recorded by an APX-RS high speed camera. Test results show that the compressibility of coating layer is the dominative factor that controls its protective performance in the shock wave loading phase. The more compressible foam coating distinctly reduce the shock wave intensity by local cavitation before enters the densification phase, while the explosion bubble shape and even the direction of water jet can also be changed. But the attenuation performance in the bubble loading phase is not as optimistic as that in the shock wave phase because more deformation space is required while the core has often entered the densification phase.