Analysis of ultimate uniaxial compressive strength of stiffened panel considering influence of shear load北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This study aims to explore the law of the critical compression stress of stiffened panels under the influence of in-plane shear load, and whether in-plane shear load combined with lateral pressure will introduce a strong coupling effect. ［Method ］ To this end, nonlinear finite element (FE) software ABAQUS is used to perform numerical simulation analysis under combined loads on a group of FE models. A limit state equation/curve is then derived from the dimensionless calculation results based on the minimum square error method. ［Results］The results show that the influence law of in-plane shear load on the critical compression stress of stiffened panels is clarified, and a limit state equation of stiffened panels that considers the effect of shear load is obtained. ［Conclusion］The limit state equation in this paper can provide references for modifying the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under the influence of in-plane shear load. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

舰船舷侧液舱防护设计(英文)

Based on the traditional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm, the linked-list search algorithm combined with the variable smoothing length and square support domain was put forward to improve the calculation efficiency and guarantee the calculation accuracy. The physical process of high velocity fragment impact on a broadside liquid cabin was programmed for simulation. The numerical results agreed well with those of the general software ANSYS AUTODYN, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the numerical method. From the perspective of the outer plate thickness of the liquid cabin, the width of the liquid cabin, and incident angle of the fragment, the influence of these parameters on protective mechanisms was analyzed to provide a basis for protective design of a broadside liquid cabin. Results show that the influence of outer plate thickness is not obvious; therefore, the conventional design can be adopted in the design of the outer plate. The width of the liquid cabin has a great influence on the residual velocity of the fragment and the width of the liquid cabin should be designed to be as wide as possible under the premise of meeting other requirements. There is a certain incident angle in which the velocity attenuation of the fragment is most obvious, and the high-pressure zone near the inner plate is asymmetric. The inner plate of liquid cabin should be strengthened according to the hull form, principal dimensions, and vulnerable points.     

Dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflection

Study on the dynamic response, and especially the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates is complicated by their discontinuity and inhomogeneity. The finite element method （FEM） and the finite strip method are usually adopted in their analysis. Although many useful conclusions have been obtained, the computational cost is enormous. Based on some assumptions, the dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflections was theoretically investigated herein by a singly symmetric beam model. Firstly, the deflection conditions that a plastic string must satisfy were obtained by the linearized moment-axial force interaction curve for singly symmetric cross sections and the associated plastic flow rule. Secondly, the possible motion mechanisms of the beam under different load intensity were analysed in detail. For structures with plastic deformations, a simplified method was then given that the arbitrary impact load can be replaced equivalently by a rectangular pulse. Finally, to confirm the validity of the proposed method, the dynamic plastic response of a one-way stiffened plate with four fully clamped edges was calculated. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those of FEM. It indicates that the present calculation model is easy and feasible, and the equivalent substitution of load almost has no influence on the final deflection.     

基于改进的Logvinovich法对带横摇运动非对称楔形体入水砰击力的计算(英文)

The water entry problem of an asymmetric wedge with roll motion was analyzed by the method of a modified Logvinovich model (MLM). The MLM is a kind of analytical model based on the Wagner method, which linearizes the free surface condition and body boundary condition. The difference is that the MLM applies a nonlinear Bernoulli equation to obtain pressure distribution, which has been proven to be helpful to enhance the accuracy of hydrodynamic loads. The Wagner condition in this paper was generalized to solve the problem of the water entry of a wedge body with rotational velocity. The comparison of wet width between the MLM and a fully nonlinear numerical approach was given, and they agree well with each other. The effect of angular velocity on the hydrodynamic loads of a wedge body was investigated.     

Fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells

Underwater cylindrical shell structures have been found a wide of application in many engineering fields, such as the element of marine, oil platforms, etc. The coupled vibration analysis is a hot issue for these underwater structures. The vibration characteristics of underwater structures are influenced not only by hydrodynamic pressure but also by hydrostatic pressure corresponding to different water depths. In this study, an acoustic finite element method was used to evaluate the underwater structures. Taken the hydrostatic pressure into account in terms of initial stress stiffness, an acoustical fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells has been made to study the effect of hydrodynamic pressures on natural frequency and sound radiation. By comparing with the frequencies obtained by the acoustic finite element method and by the added mass method based on the Bessel function, the validity of present analysis was checked. Finally, test samples of the sound radiation of stiffened cylindrical shells were acquired by a harmonic acoustic analysis. The results showed that hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in determining a large submerged body motion, and the characteristics of sound radiation change with water depth. Furthermore, the analysis methods and the results are of significant reference value for studies of other complicated submarine structures.     

作用在双圆柱桩上波浪力准确解和有限差分解的比较

The wave force exerted on vertical piles of offshore structures is the main criterion in designing them.In structures with more than one large pile,the influence of piles on each other is one of the most important issues being concerned in past researches.An efficient method for determining the interaction of piles is introduced in present research.First the wave force is calculated by the exact method using the diffraction theory,then in the finite difference numerical method the force is calculated by adding the velocity potentials of each pile and integration of pressure on their surface.The results showed that the ratio of the wave force on each of the double piles to a single pile has a damped oscillation around unity in which the amplitude of oscillation decreases with the increase in the spacing parameter.Also different wave incident directions and diffraction parameters were used and the results showed that the numerical solution has acceptable accuracy when the diffraction parameter is larger than unity.     

Time-domain simulation for water wave radiation by floating structures （Part A）

Direct time-domain simulation of floating structures has advantages： it can calculate wave pressure fields and forces directly; and it is useful for coupled analysis of floating structures with a mooring system. A time-domain boundary integral equation method is presented to simulate three-dimensional water wave radiation problems. A stable form of the integration free-surface boundary condition （IFBC） is used to update velocity potentials on the free surface. A multi-transmitting formula （MTF） method with an artificial speed is introduced to the artificial radiation boundary （ARB）. The method was applied to simulate a semi-spherical liquefied natural gas （LNG） carrier and a semi-submersible undergoing specified harmonic motion. Numerical parameters such as the form of the ARB, and the time and space discretization related to this method are discussed. It was found that a good agreement can be obtained when artificial speed is between 0.6 and 1.6 times the phase velocity of water waves in the MTF method. A simulation can be done for a long period of time by this method without problems of instability, and the method is also accurate and computationally efficient.     

The effect of frame torsion on the local stability of a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell

In the previous research, the effect of the frame torsion on the local stability of a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell, which was proved to be significant, was usually omitted. In this paper this effect under the action of static water pressure is studied. The frame torsional strain energy is calculated by consulting the method used in the research on the stability of a stiffened rectangular plate. With this item of energy being introduced into the total potential energy of the structure, a new stability formula for calculating the critical pressure for the local buckling of the ring-stiffened cylindrical shell is obtained by Ritz method. This new formula can be regarded as a revision of the famous Mises‘ formula. The calculation of the example shows that the critical pressure given by this formula is closer to the model test data than that given by Mises‘ formula.     

Numerical simulation of the water entry of a structure in free fall motion

To solve the problems concerning water entry of a structure, the RANS equations and volume of fluid （VOF） method are used. Combining the user-defined function （UDF） procedure with dynamic grids, the water impact on a structure in free fall is simulated, and the velocity, displacement and the pressure distribution on the structure are investigated. The results of the numerical simulation were compared with the experimental data, and solidly consistent results have been achieved, which validates the numerical model. Therefore, this method can be used to study the water impact problems of a structure.     

采用高阶边界元法的楔形体变速度入水数值模拟(英文)

A high order boundary element method was developed for the complex velocity potential problem. The method ensures not only the continuity of the potential at the nodes of each element but also the velocity. It can be applied to a variety of velocity potential problems. The present paper, however, focused on its application to the problem of water entry of a wedge with varying speed. The continuity of the velocity achieved herein is particularly important for this kind of nonlinear free surface flow problem, because when the time stepping method is used, the free surface is updated through the velocity obtained at each node and the accuracy of the velocity is therefore crucial. Calculation was made for a case when the distance S that the wedge has travelled and time t follow the relationship s=Dtα, where D and α are constants, which is found to lead to a self similar flow field when the effect due to gravity is ignored.     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.     

Monolithic coupling of the pressure and rigid body motion equations in computational marine hydrodynamics

In Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI) problems encountered in marine hydrodynamics, the pressure field and the velocity of the rigid body are tightly coupled. This coupling is traditionally resolved in a partitioned manner by solving the rigid body motion equations once per nonlinear correction loop, updating the position of the body and solving the fluid flow equations in the new configuration. The partitioned approach requires a large number of nonlinear iteration loops per time–step. In order to enhance the coupling, a monolithic approach is proposed in Finite Volume(FV) framework,where the pressure equation and the rigid body motion equations are solved in a single linear system. The coupling is resolved by solving the rigid body motion equations once per linear solver iteration of the pressure equation, where updated pressure field is used to calculate new forces acting on the body, and by introducing the updated rigid body boundary velocity in to the pressure equation. In this paper the monolithic coupling is validated on a simple 2D heave decay case. Additionally, the method is compared to the traditional partitioned approach(i.e. "strongly coupled" approach) in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. The comparison is performed on a seakeeping case in regular head waves, and it shows that the monolithic approach achieves similar accuracy with fewer nonlinear correctors per time–step. Hence, significant savings in computational time can be achieved while retaining the same level of accuracy.     

有限水深中垂直下潜弹性薄板的水波散射(英文)

The problem of water wave scattering by a thin vertical elastic plate submerged in uniform finite depth water is investigated here.The boundary condition on the elastic plate is derived from the Bernoulli-Euler equation of motion satisfied by the plate.Using the Green’s function technique,from this boundary condition,the normal velocity of the plate is expressed in terms of the difference between the velocity potentials(unknown)across the plate.The two ends of the plate are either clamped or free.The reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained in terms of the integrals’involving combinations of the unknown velocity potential on the two sides of the plate,which satisfy three simultaneous integral equations and are solved numerically.These coefficients are computed numerically for various values of different parameters and depicted graphically against the wave number in a number of figures.     

Multi-objective optimization study on dimensions of medium-sized cruise ship in concept phase北大核心CSCD

［Objective］Aiming at the problem of too many influencing factors and too little reference data for determining the dimensions of medium-sized cruise ships in the concept phase, a simplified multi-objective optimization method based on the fitting of dimensions and performance is proposed. ［Method］First, the dimension relations of medium-sized cruise ships are analyzed and the influence of the latest SOLAS requirements used to determine the optimization range. Second, the influence of cruise ship dimensions on space, resistance, stability and seakeeping are analyzed. Next, based on the principles of genetic algorithms, a multiobjective optimization algorithm with high robustness and high engineering adaptability is determined to establish a multi-objective optimization model for the concept design of medium-sized cruise ships. Finally, the Pareto solution obtained by multi-objective optimization is analyzed to provide initial references for determining the dimensions of the target cruise ship. ［Results］Implemented via a genetic algorithm, the optimization program proposed herein is applied in the concept design of a medium-sized cruise ship in order to optimize the initial dimensions, thereby achieving the expected outcome of providing reasonable initial dimensions for cruise ship design. ［Conclusion ］ The proposed simplified multi-objective optimization model can provide feasible initial dimensions for medium-sized cruise ships in the concept phase. As the Pareto solution obtained by multi-objective optimization has different focuses such as resistance and stability, the most suitable solution needs to be selected according to the design object. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Analysis of signal-obtaining error factor of sensor in gyro

The digital signal-obtaining for gyroscope is given. The single optic-fiber sensor via modulating intensity of light is used as measuring eonlponent . The influence on static transmission properties resulting from the special working environnlent （e. g. cryogenic and vacuum） ,the measure error because of tile reflector shape of rotor,the abnormity of facula from sensor caused by the existence of engraving error,and tile fixing error of sensor and the error of machine tool＇s initial lignnlent are investigated. The mathematic model in every condition is founded, the simulation and relative experiments ale done and the outeome is analyzed. The mathematic model and method of compensating technology are studied and some relative experiments are made. The result of study is usefid to improvement of the signal-obtaining system.     

应用RANS(雷诺平均的纳维尔一斯托克斯方程)和动量理论进行螺旋桨诱导速度的计算研究(英文)

In order to provide instructions for the calculation of the propeller induced velocity in the study of the hull-propeller interaction using the body force approach,three methods were used to calculate the propeller induced velocity:1) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulation of the self-propulsion test,2) RANS simulation of the propeller open water test,and 3) momentum theory of the propeller.The results from the first two methods were validated against experimental data to assess the accuracy of the computed flow field.The thrust identity method was adopted to obtain the advance velocity,which was then used to derive the propeller induced velocity from the total velocity field.The results computed by the first two approaches were close,while those from the momentum theory were significantly overestimated.The presented results could prove to be useful for further calculations of self-propulsion using the body force approach.     

振荡浮子式双浮体波浪能装置的阵列特性（英文）

As the energy supply problem worsens, the development and utilization of marine renewable energy have become a research hotspot. The development of wave energy is moving from the near shore to the distant sea. The power-generation efficiency of a single two-floating-body wave-energy converter is relatively low. To fully utilize wave energy and improve the wave-energy capture rate of a fixed sea area, arranging a two-floating-body wave-energy converter array is necessary. This paper first introduces the basic theory of multi-floating flow field, time-domain calculation method, and influence factor of the waveenergy converter array. Then, the development of AQWA software in Fortran language considers the effect of power takeoff.A calculation method based on ANSYS–AQWA is proposed to simulate the motion of the oscillating-buoy two-floating-body wave-energy converter. The results are compared with the experimental results from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Finally, the ANSYS–AQWA method is used to study the power characteristics of simple and complex arrays of wave-energy converters. The average power generation of simple arrays is largest at 0°, and the average power generation of complex arrays does not change with the wave direction. Optimal layout spacing exists for the simple and complex arrays. These findings can serve as a valuable reference for the large-scale array layout of wave-energy converters in the future.     

Exciting forces for a wave energy device consisting of a pair of coaxial cylinders in water of finite depth

Two coaxial vertical cylinders-one is a riding hollow cylinder and the other a solid cylinder of greater radius at some distance above an impermeable horizontal bottom,were considered.This problem of diffraction by these two cylinders,which were considered as idealization of a buoy and a circular plate,can be considered as a wave energy device.The wave energy that is created and transferred by this device can be appropriately used in many applications in lieu of conventional energy.Method of separation of variables was used to obtain the analytical expressions for the diffracted potentials in four clearly identified regions.By applying the appropriate matching conditions along the three virtual boundaries between the regions,a system of linear equations was obtained,which was solved for the unknown coefficients.The potentials allowed us to obtain the exciting forces acting on both cylinders.Sets of exciting forces were obtained for different radii of the cylinders and for different gaps between the cylinders.It was observed that changes in radius and the gap had significant effect on the forces.It was found that mostly the exciting forces were significant only at lower frequencies.The exciting forces almost vanished at higher frequencies.The problem was also investigated for the base case of no plate arrangement,i.e.,the case having only the floating cylinder tethered to the sea-bed.Comparison of forces for both arrangements was carried out.In order to take care of the radiation of the cylinders due to surge motion,the corresponding added mass and the damping coefficients for both cylinders were also computed.All the results were depicted graphically and compared with available results.     

3D Track-keeping Method for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

In this paper, 3D track-keeping control method for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with and without the influence of ocean current is investigated. Because the system to be controlled is highly nonlinear and strong coupled, an approach is used to divide it into two subsystems. One is to control the heading and the track error on the horizontal plane. The other is to control the pitch and the track error on the vertical plane. The results of computer simulation show that the autopilot works properly, it can capture the current waypoint and turns to track the next path automatically.     

SPSM and its application in cylindrical shells

In naval architectures, the structure of prismatic shell is used widely. But there is no suitable method to analyze this kind of structure. Stiffened prismatic shell method (SPSM) presented in this paper, is one of the harmonic semi-analytic methods. Theoretically, strong stiffened structure can be analyzed economically and accurately. SPSM is based on the analytical solution of the governing differential equations for orthotropic cylindrical shells. In these differential equations, the torsional stiffness, bending stiffness and the exact position of each stiffener are taken into account with the Heaviside singular function. An algorithm is introduced, in which the actions of stiffeners on shells are replaced by external loads at each stiffener position. Stiffened shells can be computed as non-stiffened shells. Eventually, the displacement solution of the equations is acquired by the introduction of Green function. The stresses in a corrugated transverse bulkhead without pier base of an oil tanker are computed by using SPSM.