IACS波浪弯矩设计值与长期预报理论计算值的比较

本文分析了国际船级协会（ＩＡＣＳ）纵向强度标准Ｓ１１中波浪弯矩设计值与在采用ＩＡＣＳ ＷＰ／Ｓ委员会推荐的海浪谱和海况统计资料条件下的长期预报理论计算值的关系，大量计算实践表明后者总体上要比前者大１．５倍，文中最后建议为了把长期预报这一技术应用于船体波浪弯矩的直接设计计算，对上述预报过程可取１０＾－５．５概率水平时的长期预报值作为船体波浪弯矩设计值。     

海浪统计资料对船舶波浪弯矩设计值的影响

对船舶,特别是超规范船舶,进行结构的直接计算设计时,首先要知道波浪弯矩设计值。 要确切地做到这一点,设计人员应合理地选择船舶航行海域的海浪长期统计资料,然后根据船 舶的装载工况和实际可能达到的航速,借用线性理论或非线性理论进行波浪弯矩的长期预报 来确定设计值。本文就一艘大型集装箱船舶,按五个典型海域的海浪统计资料,对波浪弯矩及 波浪合成弯矩作了长期预报计算,并与 ＩＡＣＳ的统一纵强度要求ＵＲ—Ｓ１１的结果作了比较和 分析,给出了对船舶结构直接计算设计有指导意义的几点结论。     

船体结构强度评估的线性设计波法研究

针对不适用规范公式计算船体波浪载荷的特殊船型,以一艘浮式生产储油船(FPSO)为例,介绍了一种长期预报设计波法,使用该设计波法确定了FPSO的波浪载荷长期预报极值和设计波波浪参数。同时,与规范计算公式及非线性修正后得到的波浪载荷进行比较分析。最后,利用设计波载荷计算结果,对该FPSO的船体结构强度进行评估。分析结果表明,使用长期预报设计波法计算FPSO的波浪载荷具有一定的合理性,其船体结构强度符合规范要求。     

三体船垂向波浪载荷预报

以一艘三体船为例,采用基于三维线性势流理论的流体动力计算程序,进行船体波浪载荷的长期预报,并将波浪载荷的长期预报值与英国劳氏船级社三体船规范计算值进行比较分析。结果表明,在现有条件下预报结果具有一定的准确性,可用于指导船体初步结构设计。     

浅水超大型FPSO波浪弯矩设计值与不同水深预报值的比较

针对水深对浅水超大型FPSO波浪诱导载荷的影响,在国际船级社协会(IACS)纵向强度标准的基础上,探讨了不同水深波浪诱导弯矩的长期预报值与波浪弯矩设计值的关系.开发了基于有限水深复合格林函数波浪诱导弯矩数值计算程序模块,对一艘300K DWT FPSO在不同水深海况下的波浪诱导载荷进行了长期预报.研究结果表明,水深对波浪弯矩设计值的影响很大.     

TRIBON船体建模子系统的开发与应用

ＴＲＩＢＯＮ系统是集ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ（计算机辅助设计与建造）与ＭＩＳ（信息集成）于一体,并覆盖了船体、管系、电缆、舱室等各个专业的一个专家系统。它运行于图形工作站平台（我厂使用的是Ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ Ａｌｐｈａ型工作站）,使用ＶＭＳ操作系统作为系统支持软件。而ＴＲＩＢＯＮ系统船体设计部分包括了初步设计、详细设计到生产设计及生产信息的各个部分,可化分为船体性能计算、线型光顺、船体建模、船体放样四大子系统。     

基于设计波法的FPSO全船有限元分析

为了准确评估FPSO的结构强度及变形水平,采用谱分析法对FPSO剖面波浪载荷进行长期预报并确定设计波参数,对FPSO进行全船有限元直接计算,并将波浪载荷预报值与规范值进行对比。结果表明:全船分析充分考虑了局部载荷对结构响应的影响,真实反映了FPSO整体的变形和应力水平,船体结构满足强度要求,波浪载荷预报值比规范值大60%。设计波法克服了传统经验公式估算载荷带来的结果偏差。     

IACS统一船体纵强度标准的依据

各海运国家船级社业已建立了他们自己的各种船体结构、装置和检验的技术规范，大量的入级船舶的设计、建造以及在其全寿期内运营就是依靠这些规范进行的。另一方面。ＩＡＣＳ（国际船级社联合会）曾要求起草 统一各国船级社分级规范的要求。获得了ＩＡＣＳ委员会第２２届全会的一致同意，并在１９９１年４月介绍给各个船级社作为对规范的要求。由于这个统一要求的建立，这对国际上长期趋向于对船体强度标准作统一的努力是一个明显的     

极地运输船波浪载荷计算分析

极地运输船航行于极地航线,考虑到航线的特殊性,计算和分析极地航行海区下船体的波浪诱导载荷长期值,对船体结构的设计很有意义。采用FORTRAN语言编写全球波浪散布图统计与分析程序,可统计与分析全球指定海区每个短期海况出现的概率,进而获得该指定海区波浪散布图。以某极地甲板重载运输船为研究对象,基于谱分析方法,采用WASIM水动力分析软件计算2个工况,24个浪向角和26个周期下的波浪诱导载荷,获得其船中剖面垂向弯矩的幅频响应函数,并采用Sesam软件Postresp模块结合具体的波浪谱和目标船航行的东北和西北航道所经10个海区波浪散布图进行长期预报,进而获得船体各个海区下船中剖面垂向弯矩的长期值,并与北大西洋海区下的计算值比较。     

考虑到船体舾装一体化的平行设计支援系统的基础研究

并行工程（ＣＥ）在今日各种工业技术中都被认为是一种最重要的技术。在本报告中，作者提出了船体设计和管系设计时的计算机辅助并行设计的方法。作者曾给出过计算机综合制造（ＣＩＭ）的标准系统。该系统是造船设计和安装系统（ＳＯＤＡＳ），它将船体结构设计系统和管系设计系统结合在一起。并且，这些系统是用产品模式概念结合在一起。因此，作者在本研究中以ＳＯＤＡＳ为基础，开发了计算辅助平行工程系统。在平行工程中，重要的     

Hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tankers

A series of new generation oil tankers is presently under construction. These ships differ from traditional oil tankers by their unusual form and therefore direct hydrodynamic analysis is used to determine design vertical wave bending moments instead of adopting IACS rule values. The purpose of the paper is to quantify changes in hull-girder reliability resulting from the new design features. To achieve this, first-order reliability analysis is carried out with respect to ultimate collapse bending moment of the midship cross section of a new generation oil tanker and of a conventional “rule” designed oil tanker. The stochastic model of wave-induced bending moment is derived from direct hydrodynamic analysis performed according to IACS Recommendation No. 34 Standard Wave Data, Rev 1, 2000. The probability distribution of the still water bending moment is assumed based on the data from loading manuals. The model uncertainties of linear wave loads, non-linearity of the response as well as load combination factors are included in the reliability formulation. The reliability analysis is performed for three relevant loading conditions: full load, ballast and partial load and for two states of the hull: the “as-built” hull and “corroded” hull according to anticipated 20-year corrosion. One of the most interesting conclusions from the study is that the annual hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tanker is increased considerably compared to the conventional oil tanker. Sensitivity and parametric studies are performed with respect to random variables representing modelling uncertainties. The results of a sensitivity study enable sorting of pertinent variables according to their relative importance, while parametric study is used to quantify changes in the reliability indices for moderate variation of input parameters. Furthermore, some other results and discussions are presented pointing out the benefits of introducing the ship reliability methods in design practice, especially if this refers to new designs.     

Design safety margin of a 10,000 TEU container ship through ultimate hull girder load combination analysis

Assessment of the ultimate longitudinal strength of hull girders under combined waveloads can be of particular importance especially for ships with large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. In such cases the horizontal and torsional moments may approach or exceed the vertical bending moment when a vessel progresses in oblique seas. This paper presents a direct calculation methodology for the evaluation of the ultimate strength of a 10,000 TEU container ship by considering the combined effects of structural non-linearities and steady state wave induced dynamic loads on a mid ship section cargo hold. The strength is evaluated deterministically using non-linear nite element analysis. The design extreme values of principal global wave-induced load components and their combinations in irregular seaways are predicted using a cross-spectral method together with short-term and long-term statistical formulations. Consequently, the margin of safety between the ultimate capacity and the maximum expected moment is established.     

基于设计波的载重3600t干货船结构强度直接计算分析

为准确评估超规范的载重3600t大通舱干货船的弯扭强度及变形水平,采取全船水动力分析及全船有限元直接计算的方法,对各工况下的主要载荷参数进行长期预报,推导出对应等效设计波各参数。根据等效设计波求出各工况全船所受的波浪诱导动载荷,施加到全船有限元模型上,进而对船体弯扭强度及变形水平进行评估。比较了单舱船及货舱中部设一道横舱壁的两舱船,得出单舱船屈曲强度不足的结论,并提出改善屈曲强度的方案。     

不同航速下船体波浪诱导运动和载荷计算研究

应用三维时域水动力理论,以挪威船级社（DNV）的WASIM程序系统作为主要工具,分析研究了一条在国际航线上航行的某一集装箱船的水动力特性,包括船体运动与波浪诱导载荷的规律,给出了不同航速下的船体运动特性和剖面诱导载荷百年一遇长期预报结果,深入分析了船体的航速效应,为船体设计中船体波浪载荷设计提供了参考依据。     

深水钻井船波浪载荷预报

以两艘钻井船为例,分别计算其波浪载荷传递函数和波浪载荷长期预报值,将计算结果与规范计算值比较,且对其中一艘钻井船计算其不考虑月池开孔时的波浪载荷预报,试图找出钻井船与常规船型的差异,为结构设计人员在钻井船设计方面提供一定的借鉴。     

集装箱船等效设计波法中疲劳载荷概率系数的确定

为了在应用等效设计波方法时将船体梁载荷规范包络值、运动包络值、加速度包络值转换为疲劳评估载荷,需得到疲劳载荷概率系数这一重要参数。采用基于三维势流理论的水动力计算软件,分析多型集装箱船不同航速及超越概率的载荷长期预报值,得到用于疲劳评估的疲劳载荷概率系数的直接计算值。对直接计算值进行回归分析,拟合出各载荷的概率系数简化公式。结果表明,简化公式比较理想。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of fatigue damage due to wave-induced vibrations in a containership in head seas

Fatigue cracks have been known to occur in welded ships for several decades. For large ocean-going ships wave-induced vibrations can, depending on trade and design, cause up to 50% of the fatigue damage. The vibrations may be due to springing and whipping effects. In this paper, we address the fatigue damage caused by wave-induced vibrations in a containership of newer design trading in the North Atlantic. The fatigue damage was obtained both experimentally and numerically. The experimental results were found from tests performed with a flexible model of the ship, while the numerical predictions were done using nonlinear hydroelastic strip theory. The measurements showed that the wave-induced vibrations contributed approximately 40% of the total fatigue damage. The numerical method predicted the wave frequency damage well, but was found to overestimate the total fatigue damage by 50%. This was mainly due to an overprediction of the wave-induced vibrations. The discrepancy is partly related to three-dimensional (3D) effects which are not included in the two-dimensional (2D) slamming calculation, and partly to an overprediction of the springing contribution. Moreover, the numerical method does not account for the steady wave due to forward speed. By using a simplified approach we show that high-frequency damage can be significantly reduced by including the steady wave for the relevant vessel, implying better agreement with the experimental results.