High‐speed rail cost recovery time based on an integer optimization model

With increasing gasoline prices, electric high‐speed rail (HSR) systems represent one means to mitigate overexposure to volatile prices. However, additional research is needed related to funding this infrastructure. In this paper, we develop a new integer optimization model to address this problem and use a hypothetical case study to demonstrate the approach. The objective of the approach is to minimize the time period in which the cost of HSR construction and operation can be recovered. This is an iterative process based on an integer optimization model, whose objective function is to determine the optimum recovery time (ORT), by setting the HSR ticket price and frequency. Embedded in the optimization model is a multinomial logit model for calculating the demand for HSR as a function of these decision variables, thus capturing the effects of level of service on market share. In particular, the optimization model accounts for the role of different types of subsidies toward HSR construction (one‐time subsidies at construction, annual subsidies, and subsidies depending on frequency). This method can also help determine whether an HSR system should be built or how much subsidy should be provided given a fixed expected cost recovery time. By integrating the logit model into the objective function evaluation, the effects of ticket price and service frequency on service demand can be directly captured. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

军用物资码盘分析系统的研制

在军用物资的集装化运输、装卸和仓储过程中,广泛地采用集装单元的原则。其目的是使物资的储运单元与机械等装卸手段的标准能力一致,从而最大限度地减少装卸劳动强度,实现物资搬运的标准化和机械化,以提高搬运效率和降低装卸费用。军用物资托盘化单元就是以托盘为基本储运工具,把一定数量已包装的军用物资排列在托盘上,并加以固定,从而作为一件单元载荷进行运输、装卸,使搬运作业规范化和机械化。本所研究的内容是一定的标准包装的军用物资如何码盘,其装运效率最高,以及一定的标准包装的军用物资选用何种尺寸的军用托盘,装运效率最高。     

2001年上半年集装箱班轮运输市场综述

2000年对集装箱班轮承运人来讲是个好年景,各主干线货量上升、运价恢复,承运人经营利润都有不同程度的增长.但好景不长,由于受美国经济增长放缓和运力持续增长的影响,2001年上半年集装箱班轮运输市场总体情况并不十分理想,年初市场货量与去年"淡季不淡"的火爆状况相比有相当差距,而年中主干线的运价恢复预期也未成功实现.     

山岭隧道围岩流变参数识别及应用研究

依托西康高速公路油房湾小净距隧道工程,对隧道围岩--石灰岩的流变特性进行了试验研究,给出了流变变形特性曲线,建立了能描述油房湾隧道围岩流变变形特征的流变模型.基于流变反演理论,获得了相应模型的弹性性能参数(岩体弹性体积模量、剪切模量和变形模量等)和流变参数及长期弹性模量等.利用反演流变模型及参数,并结合油房湾小净隧道工程地质特点及施工方案进行了三维流变数值模拟分析.结果表明,小净距隧道围岩变形时效特性规律基本符合H-K模型特征,表明基于试验辨识的H-K蠕变模型和反演参数的数值模拟能超前做出科学预测和定量评价,为山岭小间距隧道的设计和施工提供了可靠的参考信息和理论依据.     

DELMIA软件在新能源汽车总装工艺同步开发中的应用

新能源汽车研发投产周期较传统汽车周期显著缩短,在新能源汽车项目开发中,需要在总装工艺同步开发中运用,以此缩短和改善产品开发过程,针对总装专业产品设计和工艺设计的同步开发工作,以奇瑞新能源国内首创铝合金框架新能源汽车为例,基于DELMIA软件从工艺策划、工艺分析、工艺设计、工艺实施及工艺验证方面开展工作;开展的工艺数字化虚拟装配包含7个方面:工艺模型的建立、虚拟装配环境的建立、装配工艺模拟设计、装配过程仿真、模拟分析、人机工程、节拍分析。通过产品数字化分析及底层生产线设备数据采集对比分析,优化工艺过程,提升产品质量,缩短过程设计时间,减少费用投资。在数字样车阶段和生产线改造阶段可运用DELMIA软件产品、工艺和资源数据的三维虚拟界面,实现总装工序拆分、工艺工时、虚拟工序验证、关键工位的人机仿真和机械装置仿真等功能,做到产品设计和工艺设计的并行开展。     

基于CFD方法分析端板对摆线推进器性能的影响

文章基于FLUENT求解器,对摆线推进器叶稍末端加装端板前后水动力性能变化进行研究。根据摆线推进器工作中的旋转规律,编写相应UDF控制程序,运用滑移网格技术进行数值模拟。采用结构网格与非结构网格相结合的方式对模型进行计算,分析水动力性能及叶稍涡的变化。计算结果表明,摆线推进器加装端板较未加前的水动力性能更优、叶稍涡强度得到减弱和转矩振荡系数减小。因此在摆线推进器叶片末端加装端板,可提高推进器性能,工作更具安全、稳定性。     

Internal Resonances for the Heave Roll and Pitch Modes of a Spar Platform Considering Wave and Vortex Exciting Loads in Heave Main Resonance

The objective of this paper is to study the nonlinear coupling internal resonance of the heave, roll, and pitch response performance of a spar platform when their frequencies are in the ratio of 2:1:1 under wave and vortex exciting loads. The three degree-of-freedom (DOF) nonlinear coupled equations are established by considering a time-varying wet surface with a first-order wave force in heave and pitch and a vortex-induced force in roll. The first-order steady-state response is solved using the multi-scale method in heave main resonance. The multiple solutions of the motion equations are discussed using the analytic method and a numerical simulation. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the influence of the damping and internal detuning parameter. The regions of multiple solutions are found, and the jump phenomenon exists with the changes of the wave excitation. The regions of multiple solutions depend on the values of damping and detuning parameter.     

波激和涡激Spar平台在垂荡主共振时垂荡、横摇和纵摇内共振响应（英文）

The objective of this paper is to study the nonlinear coupling internal resonance of the heave, roll, and pitch response performance of a spar platform when their frequencies are in the ratio of 2:1:1 under wave and vortex exciting loads.The three degree-of-freedom(DOF) nonlinear coupled equations are established by considering a time-varying wet surface with a first-order wave force in heave and pitch and a vortex-induced force in roll. The first-order steady-state response is solved using the multi-scale method in heave main resonance. The multiple solutions of the motion equations are discussed using the analytic method and a numerical simulation. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the influence of the damping and internal detuning parameter. The regions of multiple solutions are found, and the jump phenomenon exists with the changes of the wave excitation. The regions of multiple solutions depend on the values of damping and detuning parameter.     

潜堤对平均沿岸流及沿岸流不稳定的影响

潜堤是防止海岸侵蚀的常用护岸建筑物,准确的掌握潜堤前后水动力特性十分必要.本文以斜坡上梯形潜堤为研究对象,基于港池沿岸流实验,通过变换潜堤的位置来分析潜堤对平均沿岸流的影响,通过增加潜堤来观察其对沿岸流不稳定波动频率的影响.结果表明,潜堤离岸越近,垂直岸方向的沿岸流分布有向岸偏移的趋势,同时,会使得沿岸方向上游流速增加越大,使总的沿岸方向的流速分布更均匀;增加潜堤会使沿岸流不稳定某些频率的波动明显加强,同时也会使沿岸流不稳定波动出现新的高频部分.     

锂离子电池电解液研究进展

本文着重介绍了锂离子电池电解液中溶剂、锂盐及添加剂的性能、优缺点及改进方法,并对这些材料的应用作了进一步展望。