新时期中国汽车物流产业发展建议

汽车物流产业属于物流业的一支细分领域,是汽车供应链有机的组成部分。如何在经济新常态下持续保持汽车物流业健康、稳定地发展,促进汽车产业价值顺畅流动,是值得探讨的课题。通过分析汽车物流产业所处环境变化,识别当前存在的发展机遇与面临的挑战,提出汽车物流产业从运力结构、新兴业务、智能转型、海外布局四个方面加速实现转型升级,以应对复杂的外部环境变化,为中国汽车物流产业在新的经济发展势态下给出一种发展思路。     

Characteristics of operating mode distributions of light duty vehicles by road type,average speed,and driver type for estimating on-road emissions: Case study of Beijing

Abstract

Researchers have collected extensive vehicle activity data in Beijing using GPS and attempted to develop a comprehensive database of facility- and speed-specific operating mode (OpMode) distributions of various vehicle types for estimating on-road vehicle emissions. This study developed the specific OpMode distributions of light duty vehicles (LDVs) for both restricted access and unrestricted access road types at various average speeds for characteristic analysis. (1) Strong patterns are found in the variations in OpMode distributions with the increase in the average speed: the time fraction of Decelerating/Braking remains less than 7%. The fraction of Idling decreases dramatically from 95% to 0%, while the fraction of Cruising/Accelerating increases from 2% to 94%. The fraction of Coasting increases to 28% and then decreases. (2) The time fractions for restricted access and unrestricted access are significantly different at the same average speeds, especially in Operating Modes #0, #1, #11, #12, #13, #14, #21, and #22, possibly causing an error of 20% in the emissions estimations. (3) Taxis show different OpMode distributions than those for private cars in the operating modes of Decelerating/Braking, Idling, and high-VSP modes, especially at low average speeds. The differences are derived from the more skillful driving behaviors of taxi drivers and may cause an estimation error of over 10%. Thus, the activities of taxis and private cars should be modeled separately for on-road emissions estimations.     

高速磁浮车辆悬浮架动力学模型研究

针对TR08高速磁浮车辆运行中铝合金悬浮架弹性变形较大的问题,采用ANSYS建立了悬浮架有限元模型,并进行结构模态分析;为了提高悬浮架动力学数值计算效率,依据等效变形原则建立刚性悬浮架模型,计算等效弹簧参数.基于弹性和刚性悬浮架建立磁浮车辆整车动力学模型,对比分析了曲线通过时2种悬浮架模型动力学响应.计算结果表明:车辆以速度100,250和430 km/h通过半径为2 260m的曲线时,2种悬浮架模型铰点垂向位移计算值之差不超过0.5mm,悬浮间隙计算相对误差小于2%,悬浮架扭转角响应曲线基本重合,表明建立的等效刚性悬浮架模型是合理的;应用于整车动力学性能仿真时具有足够的计算精度,其计算效率远高于采用弹性模型时的计算效率,但弹性悬浮架模型能更准确、全面地模拟其弹性变形和振动响应.     

电控发动机喷油控制MAP的建模与仿真

在求解进气压力及发动机循环喷油量时运用了数学模型算法。通过改建发动机试验台架、采用试验和参数模型相结合的方法,建立了初始喷油脉宽数学模型。仿真计算得到发动机电控喷射系统的初始MAP图,其结果与国产汽油发动机的台架试验结果基本一致。     

提高电流放大器电流响应速度的研究

提出采用超前校正和负反馈校正提高电流放大器输出电流响应速度方法。分析了电流放大器结构和采用输出电流反馈的工作原理，指出感性负载的时间常数是影响电流响应速度的主要因素。研究采用超前校正和负反馈校正减小负载等效时间常数的基本原理。建立了电流放大器的仿真模型，采用DSP和智能功率模块（IPM）搭建了H桥式电流放大器及其控制电路和控制软件。阶跃指令和复合指令的仿真和试验表明，两种方法均提高了输出电流的响应速度，满足快速跟随电流指令要求。     

列车通过路桥过渡段时的动力作用研究

建立了列车与路桥过渡段动力特性分析模型,确定了一套轨道过渡段动力特性的评价指标,分析了由基础沉降差引起的钢轨初始变形以及行车方向、行车速度对轮轨系统动力性能的影响,提出了确定路桥过渡段长度的方法。     

Pressure-Based Approach to Estimating the Injection Start and End in Single and Split Common Rail Injection Processes

The deep understanding on sand and sand dunes scale can be useful to reveal the formation mechanism of the sandstorm for early sandstorm forecast. The current sandstorm observation methods are mainly based on conventional meteorological station and satellites remote sensing, which are difficult to acquire sand scale information. A wireless sensing network is implemented in the hinterland of desert, which includes ad hoc network, sensor, global positioning system (GPS) and system integration technology. The wireless network is a three-layer architecture and daisy chain topology network, which consists of control station, master robots and slave robots. Every three robots including one master robot and its two slave robots forms an ad hoc network. Master robots directly communicate with radio base station. Information will be sent to remote information center. Data sensing system including different kinds of sensors and desert robots is developed. A desert robot is designed and implemented as unmanned probing movable nodes and sensors’ carrier. A new optical fiber sensor is exploited to measure vibration of sand in particular. The whole system, which is delivered to the testing field in hinterland of desert (25 km far from base station), has been proved efficient for data acquisition.     

以规范的管理方式和创新的工作思路建立海上搜救应急管理体系

“以最快捷的方式获取最准确的信息情报，以最科学的决策制定最完善的施救方案，以最有效的手段配备最精干的搜救力量，以最满意的社会效果回馈最关切的社会期待。”这是交通部副部长徐祖远对中国海上搜救中心提出的工作方法和目标，同时也是广大涉海人民群众对交通部海上搜救工作的切实需要。     

Study on lateral dynamic characteristics of vehicle/turnout system

Based on Chinese No. 12 high speed, single-way swing nose rail concrete sleeper turnout, a comprehensive vehicle/turnout system coupling dynamic model has been established in this paper, and the lateral and vertical dynamic characteristics of vehicle/turnout systems have been simulated while the car passes through the turnout zone on divergence. These dynamic characteristics show that the lateral impact and vibration of the systems caused by the wheel/rail contact and irregularity are very intensive, especially at the switch zone and nose area of the turnout, and the lateral dynamics of the turnout system, such as lateral stability, vibrating responses, impacting and the allowable passing velocity force between the wheelsets and the switch rails are much more complicated than that of the vertical ones.     

"天梭"号电力机车垂向动力作用分析

针对“天梭”号交流传动电力机车采用轮盘制动的转向架架承式悬挂方案簧下质量大的缺陷，运用机车车辆-轨道垂向动力作用仿真分析软件(VICT)进行了垂向动力作用分析，并与同等速度等级的既有机车垂向动力作用性能进行了对比分析，评估了该方案设计的合理性和可行性。