智慧治理理念下公交都市创建路径探究——以湛江市为例

"公交都市"是为了缓解小汽车的快速增长和交通拥堵问题所采取的城市交通战略.本文以湛江市为例,分析得出该市公交发展还存在着基础服务水平低、城市建设与公交发展不协调、公交优先战略未真正落实、智慧公交驱动力不足等问题,阻碍着城市与交通体系建设的有序发展.本文将智慧治理理念与公交都市创建在价值层面与技术层面进行结合,并借鉴新加坡与山东青岛的公交都市发展经验,从理念层面、技术层面与智慧管理层面提出适合湛江市公交都市创建的路径,推动城市公交的人性化、智慧化发展.     

国内外公交社区规划研究及经验借鉴

本文通过研究国内外相关文献,对公交社区涵义进行解读和界定,依据国内外公交社区的分类和形式,研究国内外公交社区的发展状况,尤其一些经典的优秀案例,最后总结公交社区规划的三大要素。     

Automated transit vehicle size considerations

Synthesis of cost-effective transit alternatives using automated vehicles requires consideration of a wide range of factors that are moot in determination of the optimum size of manually driven vehicles where the need to amortize driver wages dominates the economics. Discussions of many of these factors have appeared in previous papers. This article brings them together into consideration of one specific system characteristic: the optimum automated-transit-vehicle size.     

Willingness to accept commuting time within the household: stated preference evidence

In this study, stated preference data is used to derive estimated values of commuting time (VOCT). Both spouses in two-earner households are individually making trade-offs between commuting time and wage; both with regard to their own commuting time and wage only, as well as when both their own commuting time and wage and their spouse’s commuting time and wage are simultaneously changed. Thus, we are able to compare how male spouses and female spouses value each other’s commuting time. When only ones own commuting time and wage are attributes, the empirical results show that the estimated VOCT is plausible with a tendency towards high values compared to other studies, and that VOCT does not differ significantly between men and women. When decisions affecting commuting time and wage of both spouses are analyzed, both spouses value the commuting time of the wife highest. Further analysis show that this result is driven by households where the man has the highest income. If VOCT were to be gender specific in policy implications, the value might be higher for women than for men in two-earner households.     

PM10 concentrations and the size distribution of Cu and Fe-containing particles in Istanbul’s subway system

In this study, PM₁₀ concentrations, as well as the size distributions of Fe-containing and Cu-containing particles are measured in six subway stations in Istanbul. The average daily PM₁₀ concentrations are found to vary considerably. They were also found to be significantly higher than the levels found at urban air quality stations. Further, the relative abundance of Fe-containing particles among the particles of size >2.1 μm collected in the metro stations is 3.5-8 times higher than in the in the Istanbul atmosphere.     

Empirical modelling of the relationship between bus and car speeds on signalised urban networks

Vehicle speed is an important attribute for analysing the utility of a transport mode. The speed relationship between multiple modes of transport is of interest to traffic planners and operators. This paper quantifies the relationship between bus speed and average car speed by integrating Bluetooth data and transit signal priority data from the urban network in Brisbane, Australia. The method proposed in this paper is the first of its kind to relate bus speed and average car speed by integrating multi-source traffic data in a corridor-based method. Three transferable regression models relating not-in-service bus, in-service bus during peak periods and in-service bus during off-peak periods with average car speed are proposed. The models are cross-validated and the interrelationships are significant.     

Local organization of transportation planning activities in the United States

This study provided an examination of the alternative means used by Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to carry out transportation planning activities in different areas of the U.S.A. This has been done by first developing a general profile of the nature and functions of the MPOs in the 100 largest regions in the U.S. and by an in‐depth analysis of seven regions. The purpose of these activities was to examine similarities and differences between MPOs and to identify factors that appear to lead to the effectiveness or non‐effectiveness of MPOs in different areas. From the analysis, it is evident that there are wide differences between MPOs in their organization, function, and degree of effectiveness in carrying out transportation planning. These differences do not appear to be related to any structural characteristics of MPOs, but rather are the result of past history and the attitudes of people involved.     

A planning model for multiple‐mode transportation system operations

The problem of generating a set of “good” transportation alternatives during the early and intermediate stages of transportation planning is addressed in this paper. A linear programming model of a multi‐modal transportation system is developed. The model is run interactively to determine optimal operating levels for all modes for various transport policy decisions. The model described is a component of a composite network generation model incorporating dynamic changes. The linear programming component determines optimal operating policies for given points in time. The composite model incorporates these in a dynamic programming framework to determine optimal staged investment policies over several time periods.     

Rates and mechanisms of climate change: Implications for ports and harbours

The paper explores some of the key ocean-atmosphere processes relevant to the themes of ‘global warming“ and ‘sea level rise“ addressing some of issues that form the basis of the science. It is shown that both processes as well as the data used to characterise such processes demonstrate that a) there is no such thing as a single global sea level and b) changes in extreme storminess are not uniform worldwide. Instead, trends in storminess (including Asian typoon and Atlantic hurricane activity) exhibit marked regional variability with strong regional signature linked to episodes of major El Niño and La Niña activity. Similarly, satellite data demonstrates that whereas some ocean areas have recently experienced sea level rise caused principally by thermal expansion effects, other ocean areas have been subject to cooling and sea level lowering. This account provides an introductory account that discusses the rationale for understanding the regional variability in the nature of coastal flood risk to the world’s ports and harbours.     

The past,present, and future of urban cable propelled people movers

The evolution of urban cable propelled people mover technology from the early 1800′s through the 1990′s is reviewed, with emphasis on systems developed since 1980. Technologies can be classified by the means of vehicle support and the type of service provided. The simplest systems serve as shuttles moving back-and-forth between a pair of terminal stations; more complex systems feature vehicles which are launched continuously at short headways. Advances have occurred in the design and aesthetics of guideways, vehicle operating speed, the spectrum of capacities available, and automated features. The characteristics of the individual systems in urban environments throughout the world are described.