Prediction of the dimensional deformation of the addendum and dedendum after the warm shrink fitting process using a correction coefficient

The warm shrink fitting process is generally used to assemble automobile transmission parts (shafts/gears). However, this process causes a deformation in the addendum and dedendum of the gear depending on the fitting interference and gear profile, and this deformation causes additional noise and vibration between the gears. To address these problems, the warm shrink fitting process is analyzed by considering the error in the dimensional deformation of the addendum and dedendum found when comparing the results of a theoretical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). A correction coefficient that reduces this error is derived through an analysis of the difference in the cross-sectional area between the shapes used for the theoretical analysis and that of the actual gear, and a closed-form equation to predict the dimensional deformation of the addendum and dedendum is proposed. The FEA method is proposed to analyze the thermal-structural-thermal coupled field analysis of the warm shrink fitting process (heating-fitting-cooling process). To verify the closed-form equation using the correction coefficient, measurements are made of actual helical gears used in automobile transmissions. The results are in good agreement with those given by the closed-form equation.     

车身平台化开发策略研究

依托于上海汽车自主品牌的开发经验,系统分析了车身平台化开发的主要问题和关键点,阐述了车身平台化开发的基本思路.通过对国外某汽车公司车型平台前舱总成、前地板总成、后地板总成设计的研究,得出平台化设计原则,即在综合考量整车各系统要求、法规、制造工艺等前提下,以最高标准要求和限制条件来开发设计车身架构,使之在低标准要求情况下可以灵活对零部件组合配置进行更改.     

Development of a time domain prediction method for hull pressure fluctuation induced by marine propeller sheet cavitation with consideration of scattering effects

Using a time domain acoustic analogy, we develop a method to predict the sound field and hull pressure fluctuation generated by unsteady sheet cavitation on marine propellers. Formulation 1A of Farassat is introduced to enhance theoretical understanding of this work, and it is applied to modeling the scattered sound field created by the fuselage boundary. To express the direct sound field resulting from sheet cavitation, a new solution is studied which considers the Doppler effect and also separately expresses the near and far fields. A small cube model is used to verify the method. Computed acoustic field pressures around the cube are compared with the boundary element method, and the numerical results show good agreement. Finally, the pressure fluctuation on a ship stern model is calculated.     

Double parking in New York city: a comparison between commercial vehicles and passenger vehicles

Transportation - Commercial vehicles are more likely to park close to their destinations than passenger vehicles even though sometimes parking violations are inevitable for their freight or service...     

Assessing network vulnerability of heavy rail systems with the impact of partial node failures

Much of the literature in recent years has examined the vulnerability of transportation networks. To identify appropriate and operational measures of nodal centrality using connectivity in the case of heavy rail systems, this paper presents a set of comprehensive measures in the form of a Degree of Nodal Connection (DNC) index. The DNC index facilitates a reevaluation of nodal criticality among distinct types of transfer stations in heavy rail networks that present a number of multiple lines between stations. Specifically, a new classification of transfer stations—mandatory transfer, non-mandatory transfer, and end transfer—and a new measure for linkages—link degree and total link degree—introduces the characteristics of heavy rail networks when we accurately expose the vulnerability of a node. The concept of partial node failure is also introduced and compare the results of complete node failure scenarios. Four local and global indicators of network vulnerability are derived from the DNC index to assess the vulnerability of major heavy rail networks in the United States. Results indicate that the proposed DNC indexes can inform decision makers or network planners as they explore and compare the resilience of multi-hubs and multi-line networks in a comprehensive but accurate manner regardless of their network sizes.

     

Turn taking behavior in dual earner households with children: a focus on escorting routines

Transportation - This article discusses results of a study on turn taking behavior in escorting children in dual-earner households. Using a multinomial logit model, the probability of different...     

人GLUT4基因的克隆及原核表达的初步实验研究

目的　通过反转录聚合酶链方法 ,从人新鲜手术肌肉组织获得人葡萄糖转运子 4 (GLUT4 )cDNA基因 ,并分别克隆入测序载体、表达载体 ,获得具有正确序列的目的基因及其原核表达产物 ,为其进一步的抗体制备、活性鉴定及研究应用奠定物质基础。方法　经GenBank在线检索 ,设计、确定人GLUT4cDNA基因特异引物 ,采用反转录聚合酶链 (RT PCR)方法从一例手术的人新鲜腹部肌肉组织总RNA模板中 ,获得人GLUT4表达片段cDNA的基因 ,经克隆入测序载体pGEM 3zf(- )测序 ,验证cDNA大小、完整性及序列。再克隆入表达载体 pBV2 2 0 ,经温度诱导 ,在E .coli获得表达。结果　以设计的特异引物 ,从人肌肉组织模板中能得到预期大小完整的人GLUT4cDNA基因 ,并能插入预定的克隆载体中测序 ,所得基因的序列与目的基因的序列相符。所获GLUT4cDNA基因插入原核非融合表达载体pBV2 2 0 ,获得预期大小的重组表达产物。结论　从人肌肉组织中能获得具有正确序列、含完整起始及终止密码的人GLUT4cDNA基因。该人GLUT4cDNA基因的体外重组体能在原核表达系统表达     

论蓬莱出土的高丽古船在韩国船舶史上的意义

1984年和2005年在山东省蓬莱市所发掘的4艘古船中,根据船体舷板的连接方式判断,第3号船和第4号船公认为是高丽船.由于蓬莱第4号船的船体的残存量很少,因此无法推断其原来的结构特点,但被称之为高丽船的第3号船,因其比较完整地保存了船底板、舷板以及其他相关部件,可供我们推断其结构特点.第3号船的舷板是采用传统韩船的制造方式进行连接,在船体内部并没有设置加龙木而是采用设置隔舱板的方法提高船体的横向强度.韩国船舶史界普遍认为传统的韩船是通过设置加龙木来提高船体的横向强度,因此蓬莱出土的高丽古船,在韩国的学术界乃至在中国的学术界都引起了相当大的争论.在这篇论文中,准备初步探讨拥有隔舱板的韩国古船--蓬莱3号船,在韩国船舶史研究方面带来的意义;同时回顾-下所谓"在韩船中没有隔舱板"观点的形成过程,以及在考察蓬莱高丽古船的发掘概况和结构特征的基础上,重新整理其他学者对蓬莱3号船的有关观点.     

PP/PVC共混体系的研究进展

综述了国内外有关聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系的形态结构、热性能、动态力学性能、流变性能和物理力学性能的研究进展。分别介绍了非反应性、引入特殊作用基团和超支化聚合物增容剂改性聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系对其性能的影响。在聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系中加入增容剂使聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系的力学性能得到提高,两相之间的相分离程度减小,相容性改善。尤其是超支化聚合物增容剂和其它增容剂同时改性聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系,能够更加有效的提高其性能。