重庆菜园坝长江大桥立交工程设计特点及关键技术

重庆菜园长江大桥立交工程包括菜园坝立交和苏家坝立交,本文着重介绍在众多制约因素的前提下,2个立交工程的设计特点和设计关键技术.     

高墩大跨径弯连续刚构桥梁空间非线性稳定分析

在高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥梁的设计与施工中,结构稳定性非常重要。本文分别考虑结构的几何非线性和材料非线性力学特征,对高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥梁的结构稳定性进行详细的数值分析,并与线弹性的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:弯连续刚构桥梁的稳定问题已经转化为考虑结构材料屈服强度的极限承载力问题,同时几何非线性对稳定的影响亦不能忽略。     

工程机械管理及维护系统的设计与开发

从预防性维护的角度出发,提出了工程机械管理及维护系统的设计与开发思路.介绍了系统的设计原理,主要功能模块,工作流程和技术特点.系统集机械台帐管理、状态检测、维护保养、故障诊断、维修等模块于一体,适用于多数公路企业的机械管理工作,对提高公路企业的管理水平和工作效率具有重要的意义.     

一种基于PLL的牵引电机速度辨识算法

提出一种基于PLL的速度辨识算法,在此算法中引入闭环转子磁链观测器和幅值归一化环节,弥补PLL本身在抗干扰能力上的不足.通过闭环转子磁链观测模型抑制了转子磁链中可能出现的直流偏置,引入幅值归一化环节抑制了可能出现的转子磁链幅值波动.在仿真软件中搭建模型进行验证,结果表明在电机速度指令突变以及负载转矩突变的情况下可以保持较好的辨识效果.通过仿真结果验证了所研究速度辨识算法的正确性和有效性.     

考虑横向漂移的船舶路径跟踪自抗扰控制

针对船舶运动系统中内部动态不确定和外部干扰等问题,进行了欠驱动船舶路径跟踪的自抗扰方法研究。利用Backstepping设计参考航向角,并通过线性扩张状态观测器对流干扰和横向运动引起的横向漂移进行估计。其次,根据自抗扰算法对航向进行控制,采用线性扩张状态观测器对外界干扰及内部不确定项进行估计。最后仿真结果表明,在风流干扰下所设计的控制器仍能使船准确地跟踪上参考路径,验证了所提控制方案的有效性。     

随着伊本·白图泰的足迹 游历中世纪的非洲、欧洲和亚洲——评李光斌翻译的《异境奇观——伊本·白图泰游记》

伊本·白图泰是14世纪著名的旅行家，他从摩洛哥出发，穿过阿尔及利亚、突尼斯、利比亚、埃及、叙利亚到麦加完成第一次朝觐。后来他又到过东非各国、印度、东南亚国家和中国等。李光斌老先生翻译的《异境奇观——伊本·白图泰游记》是目前最完整的全译本，当我阅读此书时，好象是跟随伊本·白图泰游历中世纪的非洲、欧洲和亚洲。李光斌老先生不仅翻译准确，达到了“信”、“达”、“雅”的境界，而且注释详尽，在考据学上也颇有作为。     

铺缆船用电缆埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力计算

传统的计算埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力的方法一般采用经验公式计算。经验公式依赖丰富的试验数据，且只能适应特定形状和尺寸的埋设犁。由于埋设犁的形状和尺寸各不相同，基于经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的方法准确性不高。根据土力学基本原理，在力学分析的基础上，运用数学方法进行公式推导，得到用于计算不同形状尺寸埋设犁挖掘阻力的理论方法，解决依赖经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的局限性。     

Reliability Modeling and Maintenance Policy Optimization for Deteriorating System Under Random Shock

Performance degradation and random shock are commonly regarded as two dependent competing risks for system failures. One method based on effective service age is proposed to jointly model the cumulative effect of random shock and system degradation, and the reliability model of degradation system under Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) shocks is derived. Under the assumption that preventive maintenance (PM) is imperfective and the corrective maintenance (CM) is minimal repair, one maintenance policy which combines PM and CM is presented. Moreover, the two decision variables, PM interval and the number of PMs before replacement, are determined by a multi-objective maintenance optimization method which simultaneously maximizes the system availability and minimizes the system long-run expect cost rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed maintenance optimization policy is demonstrated via a numerical example.     

Novel experimental strategy for high resolution AFM imaging of membrane-associated bacterial toxins

Bacterial pore-forming toxins （PFTs） are essential virulence factors of many human pathogens. Knowl- edge of their structure within the membrane is critical for an understanding of their function in pathogenesis and for the development of useful therapy. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） has often been employed to structurally interrogate many membrane proteins, including PFTs, owing to its ability to produce sub-nanometer resolution images of samples under aqueous solution. However, an absolute prerequisite for AFM studies is that the samples are single-layered and closely-packed, which is frequently challenging with PFTs. Here, using the prototypical member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family of PFTs, perfringolysin O （PFO）, as a test sample, we have developed a simple, highly robust method that routinely produces clean, closely-packed samples across the entire specimen surface. In this approach, we first use a small Teflon well to prepare the supported lipid bilayer, remove the sample from the well, and then directly apply the proteins to the bilayer. For reasons that are not clear, bilayer preparation in the Teflon well is essential. We anticipate that this simple method will prove widely useful for the preparation of similar samples, and thereby enable AFM imaging of the greatest range of bacterial PFTs to the highest possible resolution.     

Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.