地下工程注浆技术研究新进展

注浆是土木、水利和矿山等工程建设中重要的防渗和加固技术。文章基于国内外注浆技术研究文献,总结了水泥等颗粒性浆液的“渗滤效应”及“黏度时空变异性”等理论研究成果,论述了非水反应高聚物、CW环氧树脂和微生物菌液等注浆新材料的应用现状及发展前景,介绍了细观力学数值模拟研究的突破性进展,可为地下工程注浆技术发展提供借鉴和启发作用。     

A generic data assimilation framework for vehicle trajectory reconstruction on signalized urban arterials using particle filters

With trajectory data, a complete microscopic and macroscopic picture of traffic flow operations can be obtained. However, trajectory data are difficult to observe over large spatiotemporal regions—particularly in urban contexts—due to practical, technical and financial constraints. The next best thing is to estimate plausible trajectories from whatever data are available. This paper presents a generic data assimilation framework to reconstruct such plausible trajectories on signalized urban arterials using microscopic traffic flow models and data from loops (individual vehicle passages and thus vehicle counts); traffic control data; and (sparse) travel time measurements from whatever source available. The key problem we address is that loops suffer from miss- and over-counts, which result in unbounded errors in vehicle accumulations, rendering trajectory reconstruction highly problematic. Our framework solves this problem in two ways. First, we correct the systematic error in vehicle accumulation by fusing the counts with sparsely available travel times. Second, the proposed framework uses particle filtering and an innovative hierarchical resampling scheme, which effectively integrates over the remaining error distribution, resulting in plausible trajectories. The proposed data assimilation framework is tested and validated using simulated data. Experiments and an extensive sensitivity analysis show that the proposed method is robust to errors both in the model and in the measurements, and provides good estimations for vehicle accumulation and vehicle trajectories with moderate sensor quality. The framework does not impose restrictions on the type of microscopic models used and can be naturally extended to include and estimate additional trajectory attributes such as destination and path, given data are available for assimilation.     

基于多智能体仿真的自动化集装箱码头合理通过能力研究

针对自动化集装箱码头泊位合理通过能力评估问题,基于多智能体仿真建立采用"双小车岸桥(DTQC)+自动导引车(AGV)+自动化轨道吊(ARMG)"工艺的自动化集装箱码头装卸作业模型,对顺岸布置的自动化码头通过能力与码头服务水平、泊位数量之间的关系进行研究。仿真结果表明:码头服务水平(AWTAST)与泊位通过能力呈明显负相关关系,且在一定码头服务水平下,泊位合理通过能力随顺岸式码头泊位数量的增加显著提高。基于仿真结果进行公式拟合,提出了自动化集装箱码头的泊位合理通过能力估算方法,可以为自动化集装箱码头规划与运营提供决策支持。     

Large-scale dynamic transportation network simulation: A space-time-event parallel computing approach

This paper describes a computationally efficient parallel-computing framework for mesoscopic transportation simulation on large-scale networks. By introducing an overall data structure for mesoscopic dynamic transportation simulation, we discuss a set of implementation issues for enabling flexible parallel computing on a multi-core shared memory architecture. First, we embed an event-based simulation logic to implement a simplified kinematic wave model and reduce simulation overhead. Second, we present a space-time-event computing framework to decompose simulation steps to reduce communication overhead in parallel execution and an OpenMP-based space-time-processor implementation method that is used to automate task partition tasks. According to the spatial and temporal attributes, various types of simulation events are mapped to independent logical processes that can concurrently execute their procedures while maintaining good load balance. We propose a synchronous space-parallel simulation strategy to dynamically assign the logical processes to different threads. The proposed method is then applied to simulate large-scale, real-world networks to examine the computational efficiency under different numbers of CPU threads. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the implemented parallel computing algorithm can significantly improve the computational efficiency and it can reach up to a speedup of 10 on a workstation with 32 computing threads.     

A two-dimensional simulation model for modelling turning vehicles at mixed-flow intersections

The turning behavior is one of the most challenging driving maneuvers under non-protected phase at mixed-flow intersections. Currently, one-dimensional simulation models focus on car-following and gap-acceptance behaviors in pre-defined lanes with few lane-changing behaviors, and they cannot model the lateral and longitudinal behaviors simultaneously, which has limitation in representing the realistic turning behavior. This paper proposes a three-layered “plan-decision-action” (PDA) framework to obtain acceleration and angular velocity in the turning process. The plan layer firstly calculates the two-dimensional optimal path and dynamically adjusts the trajectories according to interacting objects. The decision layer then uses the decision tree method to select a suitable behavior in three alternatives: car-following, turning and yielding. Finally, in the action layer, a set of corresponding operational models specify the decided behavior into control parameters. The proposed model is tested by reproducing 210 trajectories of left-turn vehicles at a two-phase mixed-flow intersection in Shanghai. As a result, the simulation reproduces the variation of trajectories, while the coverage rate of the trajectories is 88.8%. Meanwhile, both the travel time and post-encroachment time of simulation and empirical turning vehicles are similar and do not show statistically significant difference.     

基于插补原理的船体复杂曲面加热线布置方法

船体曲面成形技术是船舶加工过程中重要的环节。如何更好更快实现船体复杂曲面加工,一致以来备受国内外学者的关注。本文借鉴插补原理,对传统船体复杂曲面加热线布置进行了优化设计,得到了圆弧形板、s形板、帆形板和马鞍板的加热线。采用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件,分析四种加热线下钢板变形情况,并通过实验检验了插补形式下的船体曲面成形效果。结果表明：(1)插补算法得到的船体曲面加热线路程比传统加热线路程节约75%以上。(2)对有限元计算位移进行曲面拟合,得到的预测模型与实际船体曲面基本一致。(3)实验了四种曲面加热线,并将有限元预测位移与实验进行对比,二者误差在6%以内,有限元计算与实验结果基本吻合。该方法降低加工时间,提高加工效率。     

铁路路基动态变形模量的数值模拟分析

介绍铁路路基动态变形模量理论计算公式的推导及动态变形模量的测试原理,采用有限元软件模拟动态变形模量的测试过程,分析承载板与土体接触压力、路基动态变形模量的影响因素,并计算动态变形模量的有效测试深度.结果表明:在承载板中心一定范围内,接触压力模拟结果较理论计算值大;土体的动弹性模量对接触压力影响很小,可以忽略;路基动态变形模量测试冲击荷载作用下,土体只发生弹性变形;动态变形模量与土体动弹性模量呈线性关系,路基动态变形模量的模拟结果大于理论计算值;土体的泊松比对动态变形模量影响较小;动态变形模量有效测试深度建议取0.5~0.6 m.     

潜艇垂直发射导弹过程中的不确定因素对操纵控制的影响

潜艇在导弹垂直发射过程中所受的激变力十分复杂,包括导弹弹射出筒的发射反力、高压燃气溢出造成的负压区、导弹出筒与海水灌冲发射筒造成的失重与超重等.在实际发射过程中,这些激变力的大小及其时间特性都具有一定的随机性,因而成为在一定范围内变化的不确定因素.结合潜艇空间运动方程,建立潜艇垂直发射导弹过程的仿真模型,根据数值仿真计算结果,分析不确定因素对导弹发射及潜艇状态挽回控制过程的影响.     

基于神经网络对电控柴油机运行特性影响因素仿真研究

基于AVL-BOOST软件仿真平台建立某船用四缸柴油机仿真模型,标定后的模型进行柴油机全工况仿真计算.仿真出来的3 200组数据作为人工神经网络输入数据,采用贝叶斯统计方法对网络进行训练建立2层的反馈神经网络仿真模型.并分别通过实验、AVL-BOOST和神经网络数据曲线的对比分析,验证人工神经网络预测的准确性.利用验证好的人工神经网络模型预测进排气压力对柴油机转矩的影响,以及预测压缩比和供油定时对柴油机排放性能和动力性能的影响,最后利用扰动法分析不同工况下柴油机各个参数对柴油机性能的影响程度.     

公路隧道运营通风横通道周围流场特性研究

为研究公路隧道巷道式运营通风横通道周围的流场特性,以贵州凉风坳隧道为研究背景,利用流体力学研究软件Fluent建立隧道三维模型并进行了数值仿真计算。通过在隧道两边等风速条件下,对隧道内人行横通道以及车行横通道附近的流场特点研究,分析了运营通风横通道周围流场分布的具体特点。模拟结果表明:车行横通道与人行横通道两边流场分布基本相同;横通道内风速相对较小,约为隧道内风速的10%;不同风速下,横通道附近的速度分布和总压分布整体走势一致;两边流场相对稳定,不会进行风流和污染物的串流。