Simulation of city bus performance based on actual urban driving cycle in China

This paper establishes the simulation model of a city bus on the basis of the EQ6110 bus prototype and its experimental data. According to the actual urban driving cycle, the fuel economy and the traction performance of the EQ6110 city bus have been simulated, and factors such as the driving cycle, the loss of power to engine accessories, the gear-shifting strategy, the fuel shut-off strategy of the engine, etc., which influence on the bus’s fuel economy, are also quantitatively analyzed. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) driving cycles have a great influence on the fuel economy of a city bus; (2) under the typical urban driving cycle of the public bus in China, the engine fuel shut-off strategy can save about 1 to 1.5 percent of the fuel consumption; and (3) the optimized gear-shifting rules can save 6.7 percent of the fuel consumption. Experimental results verify that the fuel economy for the EQ6110 public bus is improved by 7.2 pecent over the actual Wuhan urban driving cycle of the current public bus in China.     

Transient characteristics of emissions during engine start/stop operation employing a conventional gasoline engine for HEV application

In this paper, we investigate the transient characteristics of combustion and emissions during engine start/stop operations in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions during the initial 2^nd∼9^th cycles are found to be significantly greater when the engine is quickly started under the original engine calibration mode. Lower intake manifold absolute pressure (MAP) was also found to cause larger residual gas dilution and poor combustion, resulting in a higher HC concentration when the cranking speed was increased. The post-catalyst HC concentration was found in the way of initially decrease and then to increase again as the cranking speed was increased. A lowest concentration value was achieved at a cranking speed of 1000 r/min. Engine shut-down by fuel cut-off was shown to produce lower emissions than shut-down by ignition cut-off as one can avoid misfire of the last fuel injection cycle. The fuel deposited during the stop process seems to impact engine restart enrichment mostly during the initial 0.7 s for this engine, whose performance is dominated by the MAP transition characteristic and the time coefficient for fuel vaporization in this time period     

基于PID控制的电控空气悬架系统设计

以飞思卡尔公司16位单片机MC9S12DP256为核心控制单元,基于PID控制策略,并利用Matlab、Labview软件。针对气囊-组合电磁阀,对电控空气悬架的软、硬件控制系统进行设计。控制系统可较好地控制车身高度,抑制系统振荡,改善电控空气悬架的性能。     

插电式混合动力汽车高电压部件设计及布置

根据整车设计要求,建立插电式双电机MG1/MG2+行星轮系混合动力汽车高电压系统方案模型。通过理论计算及工程分析确定高压电池组、高电压线缆、双电机MG1/MG2、变频器(转换器/逆变器)、空调压缩机等高电压部件的结构及关键参数。针对高电压部件布置的安全及可靠性提出建议。     

某轿车副车架模态分析

本文通过用Hypemesh11.0进行网格划分,然后用MSC.NASTRAN进对某轿车副车架进行模态分析,以确定冲压横梁结构是否能够达到原液压横梁结构的模态固有频率,为制定工艺方案提供支持,也为以后同类产品的研发提供设计参考。     

以公交为导向的城市土地开发模式探讨

城市土地开发模式的变革对城市交通系统的产生了新的要求,同时城市交通系统也会反作用于城市形态和用地开发.文章首先探讨了城市交通与土地开发的互动关系,并从内涵、基本结构和规划原则等方面对基于公交导向的土地开发模式（Transit Oriented Development,简称TOD）进行了初步探究.然后以新加坡、香港新市和波特兰及巴西库里蒂巴为例进行TOD模式实践剖析,体现TOD模式优越性与可持续性,最后总结了我国城市发展TOD的问题并给出了实施建议.     

代建制模式下工程总承包公司进行水利工程项目管理的研究

政府投资项目实行代建制已经成为必然趋势,然而,水利工程由于其行业特殊性,在代建制模式的实施上出现了急需专业化项目管理与水利行业企业无法胜任的矛盾。本文通过对以水利工程总承包公司为基础创建高水平项目管理公司的可行性与发展途径的研究,结合实例分析,得到了一些积极的成果。这些结论对推进水利工程建设领域代建制的完善与发展、提升水利工程项目管理水平,提高水利工程总承包企业的市场竞争力,拓展企业生存空间,都有重要的意义。     

钢-混凝土混合结构在大跨度连续刚构桥中的应用

重庆石板坡公路长江大桥采用填充混凝土后板式钢—混凝土接头。在轴力、弯矩和剪力的作用下,钢—混凝土接头处将产生轴向压应力、拉应力和剪应力。压应力由承压板及PBL剪力键共同传递,拉应力、剪应力主要由PBL剪力键传递。计算得到钢—混凝土接头的最不利荷载组合内力。在钢—混凝土接头附近截取18m长的1个梁段,将混凝土与贯穿钢筋进行耦合、贯穿钢筋与PBL板进行耦合,采用实体单元、板单元和梁单元,建立钢—混凝土接头有限元模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS进行仿真分析,得到钢—混凝土接头各部分的应力分布。结果表明:结构各构件在设计荷载下并未出现超出材料强度的应力峰值;剪力主要靠腹板上的PBL剪力键传递;有效的预应力体系是钢—混凝土接头可靠性的根本保证。     

Hybrid neural network model for history-dependent automotive shock absorbers

The method of numerical multi-body simulation is an often used and well-understood development tool in the automotive industry. In order to reproduce the ride comfort or handling behaviour of vehicles, mathematical models have to be built up. To achieve accurate simulation results, highly detailed component models are required. However, the formulation of appropriate physically-based model equations of complex automotive components (e.g. air springs, shock absorbers, rubber bearings, tyres, etc.) can be very difficult. To handle this, empirical modelling methods have been developed. Simple algebraic equations are used to describe complex system behaviour. This simplification is very effective, although it largely ignores the natural laws of mechanics and thermodynamics but is still capable to predict the component response. This article illustrates how to take advantage of this approach in numerical simulations. We describe the development of a hybrid automotive shock absorber model based on both spline and neural network (NN) approaches. By combining these different approaches, an accurate model is achieved without loss of variability. Non-isothermal laboratory force-displacement measurements of an automotive shock absorber are being used to estimate the parameters of the NN. As shown, the model replicates the measured data with sufficient accuracy, especially the hysteresis. Finally, we present a set of quarter-car simulations with a built-in hybrid NN shock absorber.     

混合智能控制技术在船舶电站励磁控制中的应用

将混合智能控制技术应用于船舶电站同步发电机励磁控制，通过一种结合自组织学习和BP学习的混合学习算法，学习并调整控制器参数和结构，该算法比通常的BP算法收敛性好，速度快。仿真结果表明，该算法能很好地稳定机端电压。