汽车底盘测功机辅助驾驶装置的设计及其系统仿真

针对汽车底盘测功机进行试验时的人为误差因素,提出了辅助驾驶装置的设计方案及其模糊控制策略,并利用MATLAB/SIMULINK工具进行仿真。     

自动驾驶汽车的仿真

随着汽车自动化程度的提高，自动驾驶汽车已成为国内外的研究热点之一。本文设计了一种自动驾驶汽车的模型，它能根据道路的弯曲程度变化实时地计算出车辆的转向角度输入，控制车辆按照预设想道路行吮。     

Sustainability and automobility among the elderly: An international assessment

In the next three decades there will a huge increase in both the absolute number of older people and in their percentage of the populationin almost all Western European countries, North America, and Australia. Most older people will have active lifestyles in which mobility and access play a major role and almost all older men and a majority of older women will be car drivers, used to the convenience and flexibility which the car provides.Using data from the US, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the paper shows that, in spite of cultural and policy differences, older people around the world are more likely to have a license, to take more trips, and to do so more often as the driver of a car than older people just a decade ago; they are also less likely to use public transit. These trends have a number of sustainability implications – the most obvious one is increased environmental pollution. For example, even though older people may travel less than younger drivers they may be polluting proportionately more because a) they are less likely to make as great a proportion of trips in public transit as younger people and b) the trips they do make may create more pollutants. In addition, older drivers may incur more wasted miles due to wayfinding errors and trip-scouting behavior. And when older people curtail their driving, younger family members may have to increase (or lengthen) their trip-making to provide needed services or additional transportation.While this paper stresses the environmental problems posed by an aging population, effective strategies arise from a focus on a broader definition of sustainability. The most important approach is to accept the inevitable and work to make the private car "greener" and safer. New transit service concepts and strategic community and neighborhood design and service elements can complement the development of cleaner cars.Although many of the potential strategies are not new, or can be expensive to implement, the convergence of environmental concerns with other problems arising from the automobility of the elderly – including increasing crash rates and serious loss of mobility among those unable to drive – may make these policies more politically viable than in the past.     

Integrated solution for anomalous driving detection based on BeiDou/GPS/IMU measurements

There has been an increasing role played by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications in recent decades. In particular, centimeter/decimetre positioning accuracy is required for some safety related applications, such as lane control, collision avoidance, and intelligent speed assistance. Lane-level Anomalous driving detection underpins these safety-related ITS applications. The two major issues associated with such detection are (1) accessing high accuracy vehicle positioning and dynamic parameters; and (2) extraction of irregular driving patterns from such information. This paper introduces a new integrated framework for detecting lane-level anomalous driving, by combining Global Positioning Systems (GPS), BeiDou, and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with advanced algorithms. Specifically, we use Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) to perform data fusion with different positioning sources. The detection of different types of Anomalous driving is achieved based on the application of a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with a newly introduced velocity-based indicator. The framework proposed in this paper yield significantly improved accuracy in terms of positioning and Anomalous driving detection compared to state-of-the-art, while offering an economically viable solution for performing these tasks.     

汽车驾驶员不安全行为评价分析

为稳步增强汽车驾驶的安全性,减少安全事故的发生,驾驶人员除了需要具备足够的应急应变能力之外,还需要做好安全行为习惯养成工作,形成良好的驾驶习惯。文章以汽车驾驶员不安全行为作出研究对象,在明确不安全行为表现的基础上,深刻分析影响汽车驾驶人员不安全行为的因素,在此基础上,制定合理的应对策略,旨在引导驾驶人员形成安全行为,以不断提升驾驶员的驾驶能力。     

Observer-based clutch disengagement control during gear shift process of automated manual transmission

A clutch disengagement strategy is proposed for the shift control of automated manual transmissions. The control strategy is based on a drive shaft torque observer. With the estimated drive shaft torque, the clutch can be disengaged as fast as possible without large driveline oscillations, which contributes to the reduction of total shift time and shift shock. The proposed control strategy is tested on a complete powertrain simulation model. It is verified that the system is robust to the variations of driving conditions, such as vehicle mass and road grade. It is also demonstrated that the revised system with switched gain can provide satisfactory performance even under large estimation error of the engine torque.     

山路行驶的柴油车污染物排放特性试验

在山路和平路上,进行了不同载荷下国V柴油车的实际道路行驶排放(RDE)试验。采集车速、海拔、氮氧化物(NO_x)和颗粒物数量(PN)排放浓度等数据,分析了道路坡度、车辆载荷与输出功率对排放的影响。研究发现:测试柴油车辆,在平均坡度约6%山路行驶时NO_x排放因子高于平路20%以上,PN低于平路20%以上。道路坡度自0增大到8%,NO_x排放浓度升高1倍以上,PN排放浓度升高20%~60%;坡度进一步增大,NO_x与PN排放浓度上升变缓,继而下降。载荷增大,NO_x与PN排放浓度升高;NOx、PN排放速率在10~40 kW功率区较大;NOx与PN高排放速率区随载荷增大变宽。该成果可为RDE测试车辆运行条件的设置提供参考。     

人机混驾环境下基于LSTM的无人驾驶车辆换道行为模型

道路系统中的人机混驾交通环境是指人工驾驶车辆与自动驾驶车辆混合运行的交通环境，其中换道行为建模是人机混驾环境下无人驾驶车辆行为研究的热点。基于深度学习理论，构建人机混驾环境下基于长短期记忆神经网络的无人驾驶车辆换道行为模型（Long-short-term-memory-based Autonomous Vehicles Lane Changing，LSTM-LC）。通过研究人工驾驶车辆在换道过程中与周边车辆的相互作用，对换道行为影响因素进行分析；同时，为了提升模型的迁移性，引入道路横向偏移量信息。结合LSTM神经网络的输入要求，使用美国公开交通数据集Next Generation SIMulation（NGSIM）构建换道行为样本库。针对LSTM-LC模型，以均方差MSE作为损失函数，使用RMSprop优化方法进行训练，对LSTM网络结构、历史序列长度N及训练样本量3个重要参数进行标定。最后，针对道路横向偏移量M对LSTM-LC模型性能的影响进行对比试验。研究结果表明：相比GRU-LC模型，LSTM-LC模型对换道行为的表征更准确，在模型的精度和迁移性上有着显著的提升；GRU-LC模型的均方差为4.64 m²，迁移性均方差为119.82 m²，而LSTM-LC模型的均方差为3.18 m²，迁移性均方差为79.58 m²，分别优化了31.5%和39.71%；通过引入道路横向偏移量M，可将LSTM-LC模型精度和迁移性提升约10%，且模型稳定性更强。     

卫星定位数据驱动的营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险评估模型

为了提高营运车辆驾驶人安全管理的精细化水平，合理地评估驾驶人驾驶风险程度，有的放矢地降低高风险驾驶人的事故率，基于卫星定位数据特点及驾驶行为与驾驶风险的相关关系设计26个驾驶行为特征参数。考虑到高速和非高速行驶时相同驾驶行为对驾驶风险的影响区别较大，根据23名营运车辆驾驶人的实测数据有针对性地筛选高速和非高速路段驾驶人风险评估指标，构建营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险评估指标体系。然后，基于熵权法、独立性权系数法和Spearman相关系数法建立集成赋权法，确定各评估指标的权重。最后，雇佣40名营运车辆驾驶人进行实车试验以验证模型的合理性。结果表明：车辆速度和加速度方面的驾驶行为特征可以用于评估驾驶人的驾驶风险且评估效果较好，驾驶风险评估得分与实际交通冲突次数呈正相关关系，所建立模型可以较为准确地评估营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险的高低，准确率达到77.50%，该模型在不同地区使用时，准确率存在一定的差异，但在容许范围之内，方法具有较好的鲁棒性。     

制动踏板感觉评价客观方法研究

随着中国经济的飞速发展,消费者从对车辆的交通运输的简单需求提高为对车辆安全、可靠、舒适等要求其中制动性能的优劣对于汽车安全舒适运行来说尤为重要。而制动踏板感觉的好坏直接影响着车辆的制动性能因此搭建一套可行的制动踏板感觉的客观评价方法对于企业的工程开发以及提高消费者驾乘体验有着极大的助力作用。