Finite element calculations of rail vibration countermeasures

Elastic waves may constitute a nuisance for people living close to high-speed lines. In order to decrease the spread of vibrations, it is common to reinforce the ground with lime cement columns. This article presents the results of simulations of three different ways to install the columns. The calculations have been done with an integrated rigid body—finite element model. Equations from various physical domains are merged into one big system. The results indicate that the straight configuration works best to protect the track. When attention is focused on preventing vibrations from the soil, the leaning column method is more effective. The chosen technique would depend on the aims of the countermeasure.     

单环非互易铁氧体移相器

为了研制自动跟踪同步通信卫星平板相控天线阵系统,对相控阵天线中的关键元件单环非互易铁氧体移相器进行了研究。利用双平板模型推导出了单环非互易铁氧体移相器的超越方程,并对其特性进行了讨论。根据超越方程对单环非互易铁氧体移相器的差相移随铁氧体厚度的变化进行了数值计算。结果表明随铁氧体厚度的增加,它的差相移增加。     

基于裂纹扩展的海洋平台疲劳可靠性分析

文章基于裂纹疲劳基本理论,针对在役导管架平台出现初始裂纹状态下结构承载力进行分析,考虑结构损伤与腐蚀等因素,建立了典型导管架平台整体结构模型和局部子模型,分析了在该工况下平台整体结构的疲劳强度,并确定了平台结构的疲劳关键部位。采用几何应力外插法计算了热点应力,基于疲劳裂纹扩展的疲劳分析方法,计算了疲劳关键节点的疲劳寿命与疲劳可靠度。该方法能够为海洋平台结构的维护和保养提供一定参考。     

EQ1170KA客车底盘焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文研究了EQ1170KA客车底盘焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的规律,结果表明:焊接接头不同部位的疲劳裂纹扩展速率各不相同,焊接残余应力和金相组织对疲劳裂纹扩展速率都有一定的影响。     

关于我国进行远距离AIS信息探测的研究

如今对远距离船舶的跟踪探测已经成为航海发展的又一热点方向。本文针对2006年国际电信联盟会议上通过的有关远距离AIS消息探测的草案报告,结合我国的实际情况,对我国使用AIS系统进行远距离探测的方法进行了分析和探讨。     

高速客车SiCp/A356铝基制动盘材料的热疲劳裂纹形成与扩展试验研究

在室温25℃~360℃自约束型热循环条件下,研究SiC增强颗粒体积分数为20%的铝基复合材料SiCp/A356的热疲劳裂纹形成与扩展特性,并且探讨了复合材料热疲劳裂纹的形成机制和扩展过程。研究结果显示,试样的切口尺寸对裂纹形成有很大的影响,而对裂纹扩展阶段的影响可以忽略,但试样厚度对裂纹的扩展有影响。通过非线性有限元顺序耦合法仿真计算了热疲劳裂纹尖端应力应变场,确定热疲劳裂纹扩展的驱动力为低温点的拉应力,因而认为,结合本次实验结果并通过断裂力学分析方法可以对颗粒增强金属基复合材料的热疲劳裂纹的扩展行为做进一步的研究。     

A state-of-the-art review on fatigue life prediction methods for metal structures

 Metals are the most widely used materials in engineering structures, and one of the most common failure modes of metal structures is fatigue failure. Although metal fatigue has been studied for more than 160 years, many problems still remain unsolved. In this article, a state-of-the-art review of metal fatigue is carried out, with particular emphasis on the latest developments in fatigue life prediction methods. All factors which affect the fatigue life of metal structures are grouped into four categories: material, structure, loading, and environment. The effects of these factors on fatigue behavior are also addressed. Finally, potential problems to be resolved in the near future are pointed out. Received: January 7, 2002 / Accepted: March 25, 2002     

Fatigue crack propagation and computational remaining life assessment of ship structures

The fitness for serviceability of structural members of marine structures in which fatigue cracks might be found during in-service inspection is investigated in order to prevent instantaneous failures of ships, as well as a loss of serviceability such as the oil- and/or watertightness of critical compartments. The essential features of fatigue crack propagation and the remaining life assessment are discussed in the first part of the paper, where the effects of weldment, complicated stress distributions including stress biaxialities at three-dimensional structural joints, structural redundancy, and crack curving are found to be of primary importance. The second part of the paper contains a discussion of an advanced numerical simulation method for the remaining life assessment, in which the above-mentioned effects of fatigue crack propagation are taken into account. The simulated crack paths and the fatigue crack propagation lives are found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental results.     

具有特定边界的粘弹性圆柱管中波的传播和衰减

本文在线性粘弹性模型框架内研究了一定边界条件下无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播和衰减.在Ivasson 和Karasalo的方法的基础上,发展了一个自适应绕数积分求根方法.利用该方法得出了粘弹性圆柱管的无量纲化相速度频散曲线和衰减曲线.然后比较了引入损耗因子后粘弹性圆柱管与弹性圆柱管中轴对称波传播的特性.给出了圆柱管的一些参数对相速度和衰减的影响.     

人工神经网络在舰船火灾探测中的应用

舰船火灾探测系统的目的是能及时、准确地探测到舰船上发生的火灾。提出一种利用人工神经网络的舰船火灾探测方法，通过设计三层反向传播（BP）人工神经网络模型，使用改进的BP算法——LM算法，对多传感器（温度传感器、烟雾传感器和CO传感器）同时探测到的数据进行智能化处理。仿真结果表明：基于人工神经网络的舰船火灾探测系统能及时、准确地识别各种火灾信号。