也论柴油轿车在国内市场的发展前景

研究了世界范围内柴油机在乘用车领域内的应用现状,阐述了柴油机作为车用动力的优势。根据国内的政策环境与市场环境,分析了排放法规、柴油品质对市场的影响。根据对柴油轿车的性能要求,包括振动和噪声、排放等,分析了更适合我国轿车柴油机发展的技术路线,并重点对若干关键技术和难点进行了剖析。柴油机技术进步和市场化应用表明,柴油轿车在我国具有广阔的应用前景,政府和企业应做好政策和技术上的准备。     

海上多跳无线自组网路由协议仿真研究

海事卫星通信由于其高昂的价格,难以得到广泛应用。为提高海上船舶通信的效率和经济性,有学者和企业提出了海上多跳无线自组网。然而,由于海面特殊的地理条件,波闭塞效应往往会干扰无线通信所需要的稳定链路,造成连接中断和通信质量下降。为解决以上问题,本文提出一种集合路径路由方法,通过对海上通信链路建模和特征分析,将多个海上节点组织为虚节点,使用虚节点之间的路由方法来增强通信链路的可靠性和稳定性,并利用仿真证明本文提出方案的可行性和高效性。     

基于频域搜索的梳状谱信号检测方法

由于梳状谱信号多普勒容限较小,利用常规的匹配/相关检测方法进行检测时,需要较大数量的拷贝信号与计算量。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于频域搜索的梳状谱信号检测算法。通过利用梳状谱信号频域多峰结构的特点,根据信号的先验信息计算出不同径向速度下回波信号的频点分布,对接收的信号在频域进行搜索累计的方法同时实现信号的检测与速度估计。仿真分析证明了本文算法的有效性。     

Behavior-consistent information-based network traffic control for evacuation operations

The evacuation operations problem aims to avoid or mitigate the potential loss of life in a region threatened or affected by a disaster. It is shaped to a large extent by the evolution of evacuation traffic resulting from the demand–supply interactions of the associated transportation network. Information-based control is a strategic tool for evacuation traffic operations as it can enable greater access to the affected population and more effective response. However, comparatively few studies have focused on the implementation of information-based control in evacuation operations. This study develops a control module for evacuation operations centered on addressing the demand–supply interactions by using behavior-consistent information strategies. These strategies incorporate the likely responses of evacuees to the information provided in the determination of route guidance information. The control module works as an iterative computational process involving an evacuee route choice model and a control model of information strategies to determine the route guidance information to direct evacuation traffic so as to approach a desired network traffic flow pattern. The problem is formulated as a fuzzy logic based optimization framework to explicitly incorporate practical concerns related to information dissemination characteristics and social equity in evacuation operations. Numerical experiments highlight the importance of accounting for the demand–supply interactions, as the use of behavior-consistent information strategies can lead evacuee route choices to approach the operator-desired proportions corresponding to the desired traffic pattern. The results also indicate that while a behavior-consistent information strategy can be effective, gaps with the desired route proportions can exist due to the discrete nature of the linguistic messages and the real-world difficulty in accurately modeling evacuees’ actual route choice behavior.     

A time‐staged multi‐objective network‐design model

A multi‐objective, time‐staged network‐design problem is formulated. Through transformation, the problem is decomposed into a set of single‐period, single‐objective problems. Lexicographic ordering is instrumental in effecting this transformation; it also allows a backward‐recursion algorithm to be applied using strong pruning criteria. Furthermore, monotonicity properties enable us to solve the problem using the familiar tree‐search algorithms. The solution method has several desirable properties — as shown by an example and a case study of Tripoli Province, Libya. First, the algorithm ensures continuity of project implementation over the multi time‐periods and provides optimality in later computational stages irrespective of the decision at an interim stage. Second, the algorithm tends to provide accessibility to unconnected regions in the study area at low user‐cost without employing weights to the two objective functions of accessibility and user‐cost efficiency. Such a property is deemed advantageous for suggesting transportation investments based purely on purchasing the greatest benefit for each dollar, with political neutrality strictly maintained.     

厦门东通道海底隧道土建工程设计

正在建设的厦门东通道海底隧道长约6km，采用钻爆暗挖方案修建，它是我国大陆第一座大断面的水底隧道。设计借鉴了国内外已建或规划中的水底隧道的成果和经验，‘突出“以人为本、安全第一”的总体思路，考虑了对付各种突发性灾害的处置预案，以确保工程结构具有100a的安全性和耐久性。     

信号控制对动态路线选择的影响研究

以动态路线选择模型为基础的先进的出行者信息系统（ＡＴＩＳ）的实施必然对城市交通控制系统产生影响，同时交通控制系统的控制方案对路线诱导信息“运行时间”的估计也发生作用，影响用户对最优路线的造选择。对两系统的相互关系进行了分析，并建立了两系统相互关系模型最后给出了实际案例分析。     

An exploratory study on the Northern Sea Route as an alternative shipping passage

This qualitative inductive research explores the potential benefits for the Scandinavian economy and ports through the implementation of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as an alternative for container shipping to the established Southern route through the Suez Canal. To extract expert’s opinions and address these objectives, we utilised in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews through purposive sampling in a single case study setting. The analysis of the data demonstrates that the commercialisation of NSR can yield benefits for the Scandinavian economy (e.g. GDP increase, jobs creation) and reveals the benefits of Scandinavian ports (e.g. ECA’s, flexibility, hinterland, etc.) compared to other ports in North West Europe, which potentially grasp the NSR as an opportunity. However, it is highlighted that this can only be achieved if Scandinavian countries are proactive and secure their involvement.     

谈防止船舶碰撞的方法

防止船舶发生碰撞事故，是保证船舶安全航行的重要环节，是驾驶人员在航行值班中的首要职责。笔者在长期教学和实践中总结而得的“各走自己的航路”、“加强嘹望”、“使用安全航速”、“正确使用信号”等方法，对防止船舶碰撞起到了一定的作用。     

武汉市过长江交通流量特征分析

武汉市过长江交通是武汉市最主要的交通流向之一。根据流量观测数据分析长江交通流量特征，表明武汉市区过长江交通饱和，交通需求总量大，出行目的种类多。过长江交通没有明显、固定的高峰日和高峰小时，除通勤交通外。还有公务等大量非通勤交通。其中武昌与汉口之间交通是主流向，需要适当新增通道缓解过江难问题。