美学经典 国产宝马325i

国产宝马325i正式下线，再次刷新国内数个纪录：第一部国产FR(前置引擎后轮驱动)轿车目前公认最高级的国产轿车品牌；目前国产最富驾驶乐趣的轿车．第一部使用直六引擎的国产豪华轿车，目前升功率最大的国产自然吸气轿车。     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

工程车辆牵引动力学概述及其研究回顾(3)

2.2动态牵引试验方法[7] 研究机器动态牵引性能的试验方法可分为现场试验、台架模拟试验和负荷车模拟试验.     

机车车辆动力学研究及发展

机车车辆动力学在最近10年得到迅速发展,考虑车辆—轨道耦合作用的耦合模型得到广泛应用。随着大跨距跨江铁路桥的建设,车和桥的耦合振动会引起接触网的振动,进而影响弓网的耦合振动。因此十分有必要开展接触网—受电弓—机车车辆—线路—桥梁耦合大系统动力学的研究。进行机车车辆动力学性能优化,必须首先确定机车车辆动力学三要素的优先关系,即运行的稳定性—安全性—平稳性,建立以列车为研究对象的模型,同时在模型中考虑机车车辆结构弹性和频变特征悬挂参数以及气流扰动的影响,进而进行灵敏度分析和参数优化。给出考虑频变特性的钢弹簧等效计算方法以及基于循环变量的列车系统动力学建模和计算方法,并验证了计算方法的有效性。     

东北太平洋热带气旋统计分析

此文利用1970—2000年间发生在东北大平洋的热带气旋资料，统计分析了热带气旋的发生源地、年月频数、移动路径及强度变化规律，对船舶驾驶人员熟悉该海域的飓风活动并采取适当的措施来进行预防和避离将有所帮助。