《国际海运危险货物规则》40-20修正案主要修订内容介绍

在介绍《国际海运危险货物规则》(IMDG规则)40-20版修正案的修订脉络基础上,从危险货物分类、一览表及特殊规定等4个方面分析了修正案的主要修订内容,并根据修订情况提出相应的措施建议。     

快速路与邻接交叉口分散换道和速度引导方法

研究车路协同城市快速路与邻接交叉口主线分散换道和速度引导自适应控制方法. 对高饱和度入口匝道与邻接交叉口，提出主线分散换道自适应控制方法，依据合流区上游不同车道密度制定换道规则，以主线流量最大化为目标确定邻接交叉口相位相序；对出口匝道存在超长排队，提出主线速度引导自适应控制方法，依据主线上游车辆目的地确定速度引导策略，以出口匝道需求与通行能力相匹配为目标确定出口匝道关联相位优先权. 采用元胞自动机模型仿真验证，结果表明，所提方法与非协调控制、传统协调控制、车路协同交叉口自适应控制相比，区域流量分别提高17.38%、5.52%、10.06%，总时间消耗分别下降35.86%、 26.21%、17.39%.     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.     

Collision course? The North Airfield Safety Study at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)

The LAX North Airfield Safety Study was undertaken by an Academic Panel consisting of the present authors, and was based in large part on a simulation that was conducted at FutureFlight Central at NASA Ames Research Center. The primary aim of the study was “to estimate as specifically as possible the level of future safety associated with several geometrical configurations of the LAX North Airfield.” This paper describes the study, and how it combined information from human-in-the-loop simulations at NASA with historical data from LAX and other US airports about runway incursions and collisions. The analysis indicated that, even under its existing physical layout, LAX North would experience very low risk of runway collisions at traffic levels projected for 2020. That risk could be reduced by about half if the North Airfield runways were reconfigured, and some reconfigurations would also add appreciably to the operational efficiency of the airport. But because the “baseline” level of risk is so low, the Study concluded that “it would be difficult to construct a compelling case on safety grounds alone for reconfiguring the North Airfield.”     

SOLAS、MLC2006和CFR中若干问题的探讨

文中概述了国际海事公约和国外规则,包括SOLAS、MARPOL、COLREG、MLC 2006和CFR等读者不易理解的正文和附则中"章"、"分章"、"部分"、"节"、"分节"和"条"的编排和解释所出现的中文不同表述,简要介绍了美国CFR和FR相关法规中或多或少尚可更加明晰的表示方法,并说明CFR和FR之间的关联。为那些对国际公约感兴趣,且欲进一步理解海事公约和规则的读者提供建议。     

格值命题逻辑系统Lvpl中的推理规则

为描述取小、多重推理、多维推理等实际推理方法，在格值命题逻辑系统Lvpl中，引入了几类相应的推理规则．这些推理规则由语法和语义两部分组成，且在两部分之间存在一定的协调水平．证明了对于适当的语法语义协调水平，当Lvpl的公式集的L型模糊集为同态映射时，它们关于这几类推理规则都在一定程度上封闭.     

变权值加快收敛的路径寻优实时算法

为获得满意解为目标的最优路径选择问题，给出了一种加权的LRTA^*(Learning Real-TimeA^*)算法，通过改变估价函数值更新规则与解时间和解质量的相对折中，加快算法收敛速度。实例应用表明，该方法比LRTA^*算法更快地收敛于满意解，是一种求解大城市稠密路网两点间最优路径的有效方法。     

Study on Distributed Motion of Self-Reconfigurable Robot Based on Local Rules

The eigenvector of a module with six adjacent module's state was constructed according to self-reconfigurable robot M-Cubes and the configuration of system was expressed with the eigenvectors of all modules.According to the configuration and motion characteristics of the modules,a 3-dimension motion rule set was provided.The rule sets of each module was run according to eigenvector of the module after the motion direction of system decided and motion rules were selected.At last,the rapid and effective motion and metamorphosis were realized in system.The rule sets are operated on three systems and the distributed motion of system is fully realized.The result of simulation shows that the 3-dimension motion rule sets has perfect applicability and extensibility.The motion steps and communication load of the modules increase with the module number in linear.     

半刚性基层沥青路面横向裂缝分布规律的探讨

我国高速公路绝大多数都采用了沥青路面和半刚性基层，其早期开裂现象比较明显，故应从合理利用路面材料性能方面着手，合理总结横向裂缝产生和分布的规律，只有这样才能将其更好地应用在以后的工程施工当中。     

国际工程物资采购和管理风险分析与对策

随着改革开放的不断深入和国民经济的快速发展,我国施工企业参加国际工程承包项目的机会越来越多。但在国际工程项目建设中,所需的物资采购和管理是一个关键环节,处理不好可能存在各种风险,给企业造成经济损失。此文根据国际工程物资采购和流转的特点,对物资采购和管理过程中存在的风险进行识别与分析。通过分析,提出防范和控制风险的对策及建议。