Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review

Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging.     

Physical environments influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities

This study investigates the impacts of physical environments on bicyclists’ perceptions of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities. Based on a field investigation conducted in Nanjing, China, we find that physical environmental factors significantly influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on the two types of facility. Cyclists’ comfort is mainly influenced by the road geometry and surrounding conditions on physically separated paths while they pay attention to the effective riding space and traffic situations on on-street bicycle lanes.     

Promoting public bike-sharing: A lesson from the unsuccessful Pronto system

In 2014, Seattle implemented its own bike-sharing system, Pronto. However, the system ultimately ceased operation three years later on March 17th, 2017. To learn from this failure, this paper seeks to understand factors that encourage, or discourage, bike-sharing trip generation and attraction at the station level. This paper investigates the effects of land use, roadway design, elevation, bus trips, weather, and temporal factors on three-hour long bike pickups and returns at each docking station. To address temporal autocorrelations and the nonlinear seasonality, the paper implements a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) that incorporates the joint effects of a time metric and time-varying variables. The paper estimates models on total counts of pickups and returns, as well as pickups categorized by user types and by location. The results clarify that effects of hilly terrain and the rainy weather, two commonly perceived contributors to the failure. Additionally, results suggest that users in the University District, presumably mostly university students, tend to use shared bikes in neighborhoods with a higher household density and a higher percentage of residential land use, and make bike-sharing trips regardless workdays or non-workdays. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the relationship between public transportation service and bike-sharing. In general, users tend to use bike-sharing more at stations that have more scheduled bus trips nearby. However, some bike-sharing users may shift to bus services during peak hours and rainy weather. Several strategies are proposed accordingly to increase bike ridership in the future.     

深中通道工程对伶仃洋水流环境的影响

伶仃洋是珠江河口东四口门入汇的喇叭状河口湾,径、潮交汇,动力复杂。利用伶仃洋河口潮流数学模型从潮位、流速、流态、动力格局方面探讨了深中通道工程建设对伶仃洋河口潮流动力环境的影响。研究结果表明:深中通道工程建设对伶仃洋潮流动力环境影响的范围和强度均以西人工岛附近为最大,锚碇水域次之,东人工岛及桥区附近相对较小;近岛、桥局部区域潮位及流场的变化比较明显,对伶仃洋滩槽总体格局影响不大。     

公路建设中的环境问题探讨

对公路建设环境保护作了比较深入地分析与探讨,总结归纳了公路施工环境保护工作的重点与措施。     

粤港澳航运服务合作机制研究综述

港澳是广东经济发展最重要的外部推动力,是"经济转型"举足轻重的合作伙伴,进一步深化粤港澳各领域合作,是全面深化推进改革的重要举措.基于粤港澳区域经济一体化发展为背景,以航运服务合作为出发点,对国内外关于粤港澳航运服务理论研究的相关文献进行了梳理,归纳粤港澳现代航运服务的发展特点、发展规律、发展现状,总结了粤港澳航运服务存在的问题,针对我国目前在粤港澳航运服务合作机制方面研究空白,提出了今后的研究方向和重点:合作方法和模式研究、合作政策衔接研究、合作策略和措施研究.     

钢筋混凝土阻锈剂电迁移阻锈技术

迁移型阻锈剂是抑制混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的材料之一,但对于致密的混凝土,其迁移能力有限。采用电化学方法在含C1-的混凝土模拟孔隙液中筛选3种迁移性有机阻锈剂,研究在自然和电场条件下阻锈剂在钢筋混凝土试件中的渗透和对钢筋的阻锈能力。试验结果表明,BE对钢筋的阻锈效果优于市售同类国外产品,其对钢筋的阴极和阳极电化学过程均有抑制作用,是一种混合型阻锈剂;电场作用能加速BE在混凝土中的渗透,提高阻锈效果。     

空空导弹发展趋势研究

空空导弹在现代空战中对夺取制空权至关重要,是许多国家重点发展的武器装备。论文介绍了空空导弹的发展历程,通过分析未来战场环境对空空导弹性能的影响,指出了未来空空导弹的发展趋势。     

现代海战场复杂电磁环境对舰船的影响分析及对策

复杂电磁环境已经成为现代海战场的重要特征和突出表现。论文介绍了海战场复杂电磁环境的构成、基本特征、干扰电磁信号的性质、以及影响等,旨在认识复杂电磁环境,掌握其特点规律,并采取相应的措施和应对之策。     

公路环境保护监理的工作要点探讨

基于环境保护的重要性,阐述了公路工程环境保护监理在施工准备阶段、施工阶段、缺陷责任期阶段监理工作的要点,以及采取的主要措施.