计量实验室温湿度监控调节系统研发与应用

为实现对计量实验室温湿度的实时监控,分别从硬件和软件2方面,设计计量实验室温湿度监控调节系统.该系统以单片机为核心,通过多个温湿度传感器采集数据,利用LCD显示屏、SD存储卡、报警器和红外发射器实现实验室温湿度值显示、保存、超值报警和自动调节等功能,不仅便于检定人员准确掌握实验室不同位置、不同时段温湿度的变化情况,还有...     

Identifying preferences for public transport investments under a constrained budget

As urban areas face increasing demands for new transport infrastructure to promote a sustainable future with an increasing reality of constrained government budgets, the debate on whether we should focus on rail or bus-based investments continues unabated in many jurisdictions. Associated with the debate is an emotional (or ideological) bias by communities in favour of one mode, especially rail, which carries much sway at the political level as if there is no budget constraint. This paper presents a stated choice experiment to investigate this context as two unlabelled options described by 20 potential drivers of community preferences for improved public transport, where each choice scenario is conditioned on an estimated construction cost and a total annual transport infrastructure budget for the relevant geographical jurisdiction. This is followed by a labelling of each alternative to reveal whether the option is bus rapid transit (BRT) or light rail (LRT) and to establish whether this additional information influences preference revision. Data is collected in all eight capital cities of Australia in mid 2014. Mixed logit models with heteroscedastic conditioning in terms of the cost of the project infrastructure and whether the alternative is labelled BRT or LRT, provide new evidence on the nature and extent of community modal bias in a budget-constrained choice setting. The conclusions are twofold. On the one hand, if a fully compensatory choice rule is assumed (as is common in all previous modal comparison studies), LRT is predominantly preferred over BRT despite budgetary constraints, similarities in quality of service attributes and the opportunity to choose a greater network coverage for a given construction cost. However, when we allow for attribute non-attendance (a semi-compensatory choice rule), the modal bias is no longer a significant driver of preferences.     

A nested recursive logit model for route choice analysis

We propose a route choice model that relaxes the independence from irrelevant alternatives property of the logit model by allowing scale parameters to be link specific. Similar to the recursive logit (RL) model proposed by Fosgerau et al. (2013), the choice of path is modeled as a sequence of link choices and the model does not require any sampling of choice sets. Furthermore, the model can be consistently estimated and efficiently used for prediction.A key challenge lies in the computation of the value functions, i.e. the expected maximum utility from any position in the network to a destination. The value functions are the solution to a system of non-linear equations. We propose an iterative method with dynamic accuracy that allows to efficiently solve these systems.We report estimation results and a cross-validation study for a real network. The results show that the NRL model yields sensible parameter estimates and the fit is significantly better than the RL model. Moreover, the NRL model outperforms the RL model in terms of prediction.     

在价值之光的烛照下--王安忆早期小说创作论

关于“人如何才能生活得更好”这个贯穿王安忆创作始终的执着追问,作家最初提供的主要答案是：确立生活目标,强调人格尊严,使生活意叉化、人生价值化。王安忆找到“价值”这枚试金石,在纷繁的社会场景中。借价值之光的烛照。迈出了生存探索的第一步。     

基于索洛余值理论的公路网发展贡献率研究

在分析经济增长理论的基础上,应用索洛余值的中性技术进步理论方法,扩展性引入了公路网发展规模即等效里程因素,建立了公路网发展规模与区域国民经济增长的发展模型,并以甘肃省近10年来的数据为例,综合分析测算了固定资产投资、从业人员、路网等效里程和其他因素对国民经济的贡献率,最后提出了甘肃省仍需继续加快公路网发展,以期为甘肃省国民经济发展做出更大的贡献。     

道路时间费用预测模型研究

时间费用是公路建设和公路养护投资效益分析所必须考虑的经济指标之一。旅行时间费用、车辆运营费用和道路事故费用三者一起构成了道路的用户费用。随着公路网水平的提高、社会的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，时间费用将在用户费用中占有更大的比重。本文就时间和由此产生的费用及费用计算方法进行初步探讨。     

道路工程用橡肢沥青材料性能优化研究

文章结合国内外采用的橡胶沥青评价体系，采用正交试验法对橡胶沥青材料性能的不同影响因素进行分析，得出橡胶沥青的最佳制备方案。并通过橡胶沥青与基质沥青及SBS改性沥青性能的对比，验证橡胶沥青材料具有明显的优化效果。     

A comparative analysis of US toll policy

In the US, there is a long tradition of toll roads, beginning with the Lancaster Turnpike that was built at the end of the 18th century connecting Philadelphia and Lancaster. There are currently more than 300 toll facilities in the US, which is probably the largest number of toll facilities in the world. These facilities represent a wide range of conditions, from hypercongested facilities in large metropolitan areas such as New York City to toll highways in rural areas. The toll structures are equally diverse, ranging from multi-tier price structures with frequent user, carpool, and time of day discounts; to simpler structures in which the only differentiation is made on the basis of the number of axles per vehicle. The toll rates are typically set by the agencies that operate or own the toll facilities. The rules or formulas by which these tolls are determined are not generally available to the public, though it is safe to say that toll decisions are made taking into account technical considerations, as well as the all important criterion of political acceptability. However, data on toll rates and how they change by vehicle types and by some other attributes are readily available.The overall objective of this paper is to analyze the toll data from various facilities across the US to gain insight into the overall factors affecting the tolls. A more specific objective is to assess—though in a rather approximate fashion—if the tolls by vehicle type, relative to each other, are appropriate and consistent with economic theory. This is achieved by comparing tolls to approximate indicators of road space consumption and pavement deterioration. The literature review confirmed that this is the first time such research has been conducted which is an important first step toward an analysis of the efficiency of current toll policies.The analyses in this paper are based on a random sample of all toll facilities across the US. The toll dataset, which include toll rates for passenger cars, busses, and three different truck types, is assembled mainly from the available information on the web sites of various toll agencies. After cleaning the data, the authors used econometric modeling to estimate a set of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models that express tolls as functions of independent variables. Three families of models were estimated: linear models, models based on expansions of Taylor series, and models based on piece-wise linear approximations to non-linear effects. The resulting models were analyzed to identify the salient features of current toll policies towards different vehicle types.     

氢燃料电池汽车产业价值链分析

氢燃料电池技术有可能为汽车、能源工业带来革命性的变化,毫无疑问会使汽车产业的竞争格局、能源供应方式发生根本变化。汽车产业价值链将出现重大的变革,价值链的核心不再是燃油、燃油发动机,而是氢燃料电池、储氢与供氢系统。本文建立氢燃料汽车价值链模型并进行了分析,氢燃料汽车电池、储氢与供氢系统将是新商业模式最大受益者;燃油、内燃机供应商、传统汽车制造商的前景将不容乐观,相关企业需从新的产业链找到位置和突破口,才能在变革中求得发展。