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给出了一个物理排队条件下的考虑多种交通模式相互作用的离散时间动态网络装载模型,模型将的单一模式动力波理论扩展为多模式的动力波理论,假设路段上只有两种流量状态:一个是后向波,不同模式车辆处于拥挤状态时,车辆不能通过超车来改变车辆速度,进而导致处于排队中的不同模式车辆速度趋于一致,进而只以一种拥挤波向后传播;另一个是前向波,由于不同模式车辆处于自由流状态,车辆按照自身速度行驶。根据路段出入口的不同模式车辆的累计车辆数,以及路段波速,计算可能的路段出入口流量;并以此为基础,进一步计算路段的实际出入口流量。仿真试验结果表明,模型能够很好的反映多模式拥挤排队状况。     

双向广度搜索算法在联锁进路自动生成中的应用

通过深入研究站场平面图的拓扑结构并与图的结构比较,在基于图搜索路径算法的基础上,运用一种改进的图的双向广度优先搜索算法来寻找基于邻接表存储的站场平面图的进路的搜索,并结合在实际进路搜索的过程,分析改进的算法的复杂度,进而总结出一种简洁效率的搜索进路方法.     

轨迹数据驱动的单点信号交叉口运行效率评价方法

为解决信号交叉口运行效率评价方法偏理论化、实用性不强等问题,以出租车、公交车、驾图(车联网)多源GPS轨迹数据为基础,充分利用车辆减速、停车、加速等连续速度变化特征及位置信息,提出交叉口个体车辆排队长度、通行时间、停车次数等交通参数提取技术.基于此,构建以信号交叉口运行指数为一级指标,车辆平均通行时间,第95％分位排队...     

The Alternative Motor Fuels Act, alternative-fuel vehicles, and greenhouse gas emissions

The corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standard is the major policy tool to improve the fleet average miles per gallon of automobile manufacturers in the US. The Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) provides special treatment in calculating the fuel economy of alternative-fuel vehicles to give manufacturers CAFE incentives to produce more alternative-fuel vehicles. AMFA has as its goals an increase in the production of alternative-fuel vehicles and a decrease in gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines theoretically the effects of the program set up under AMFA. It finds that, under some conditions, this program may actually increase the production of fuel-inefficient gasoline vehicles, gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

Empirical analysis of short period traffic counts and their efficiency: the case of Indian traffic

Short period traffic counts (SPTCs) are conducted routinely to estimate the annual average daily traffic (AADT) at a particular site. This paper uses Indian traffic volume data to methodically and extensively study the effect of four aspects related to the design of SPTCs. These four aspects are: (i) for how long, (ii) on which days should SPTCs be carried out, (iii) how many times, and (iv) on which months should SPTCs be carried out? The analyses indicate that the best durations for conducting SPTCs are 3 days (starting with a Thursday) and 7 days, for total traffic and truck traffic, respectively. Further, these counts should be repeated twice a year keeping a separation of two months between the counts to obtain good estimates of AADT at minimal cost. An additional outcome of this study has been the determination of seasonal factor values for roads in developing economies, like India.     

船闸闸室结构的船-墙碰撞三维有限元分析

以江苏某重力式船闸闸室结构为例,采用ABAQUS软件建立船舶-闸室结构-土体三维有限元模型,对船舶撞击闸室进行瞬态动力分析,得到不同工况下的撞击力时程曲线和撞击力值等结果。研究结果表明:船舶撞击闸室的法向平均撞击力大小与船舶排水量的12次方、撞击速度的1次方、撞击角度的1次方成线性关系;将软件模拟的船舶法向撞击力数值与依据JTJ 307—2001《船闸水工建筑物设计规范》得到的计算值比较,发现规范公式得到的数值普遍偏小,低估了过闸船舶撞击力的影响。     

砂质海床特性对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响

砂质海床特性极大地影响波浪与海工单桩基础结构的相互作用,而将多孔介质海床简化为刚性、不可渗透固体海床,忽视了多孔介质海床对波浪能量的影响。研究砂质海床孔隙率、介质颗粒平均粒径对单桩所受波浪荷载的影响,设计5种不同海床特性的波浪水槽试验。研究结果表明:在相同波浪条件下,砂质海床结构内部的孔隙流对波浪能量产生衰减作用,随着颗粒直径的增大,波浪能量衰减愈加明显,单桩所受波浪荷载越小。当海床孔隙率较小,海床结构内部水流运动微弱,多孔结构对波浪消能作用不明显。当海床孔隙率进一步增加,海床结构内部水流运动增强,多孔结构对波浪消能作用显著,单桩所受波浪荷载明显减弱。     

城市快速轨道交通车辆的编组方式与加速特性

从起动加速度、牵引电机功率、最大运行速度和平均站间距的合理选取等方面入手，对最大运行速度为80～160 km ／ h的车辆进行了初步的计算与分析，得出了五类编组形式与15种车型的选型建议，为今后新型车辆的选型提供了具体的数值参考依据。     

优化的无预计算标量乘法算法

标量乘法是椭圆曲线密码的基本运算,也是最耗时的运算,其运算效率直接决定着椭圆曲线密码的性能。本文给出数字集{-1,0,1}上编码简单、具有最小汉明重量、长度最短、平均‘0’间隔长度大的带符号二进制标量表示法,利用直接计算2kQ+P策略,得到高效无预计算标量乘法算法。理论及实例分析表明,所得算法的平均效率比传统NAF方法标量乘法算法高26.1%,能有效提高ECC在存储受限环境的实现效率。