Online calibration for microscopic traffic simulation and dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic speed

Simulating driving behavior in high accuracy allows short-term prediction of traffic parameters, such as speeds and travel times, which are basic components of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Models with static parameters are often unable to respond to varying traffic conditions and simulate effectively the corresponding driving behavior. It has therefore been widely accepted that the model parameters vary in multiple dimensions, including across individual drivers, but also spatially across the network and temporally. While typically on-line, predictive models are macroscopic or mesoscopic, due to computational and data considerations, nowadays microscopic models are becoming increasingly practical for dynamic applications. In this research, we develop a methodology for online calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models for dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic measures, and apply it to car-following models, one of the key models in microscopic traffic simulation models. The methodology is illustrated using real trajectory data available from an experiment conducted in Naples, using a well-established car-following model. The performance of the application with the dynamic model parameters consistently outperforms the corresponding static calibrated model in all cases, and leads to less than 10% error in speed prediction even for ten steps into the future, in all considered data-sets.     

深海载人平台观察系统研究与设计

介绍水下摄像与照明装备以及观察窗的技术现状,围绕深海载人平台观察系统开展设计,阐述深海载人平台高清摄像与水下照明系统的布置及体系架构,给出深海载人平台观察窗的类型和材质,分析深海载人平台观察窗的照明条件和厚度,为深海载人平台观察系统的设计提供参考。     

平台式惯导系统三点校的常值误差解析

为估计和补偿各种误差源引起的综合校正误差,针对平台式惯导系统综合校正中的三点校,从理论上分析了外界测量信息误差和惯性平台水平误差对陀螺常值漂移综合校正效果的影响,并对受外界测量信息误差影响的三点校过程进行仿真。研究结果表明:"三点校"对陀螺常值漂移的估计误差,与重调时刻的量测误差、惯性平台水平失调角均呈线性关系,提高外界测量信息和惯性平台水平测量精度,是提高三点校精度的关键。     

Exploration of day-to-day route choice models by a virtual experiment

This paper examines existing day-to-day models based on a virtual day-to-day route choice experiment using the latest mobile Internet technologies. With the realized day-to-day path flows and path travel times in the experiment, we calibrate several well-designed path-based day-to-day models that take the Wardrop’s user equilibrium as (part of) their stationary states. The nonlinear effects of path flows and path time differences on path switching are then investigated. Participants’ path preferences, time-varying sensitivity, and learning behavior in the day-to-day process are also examined. The prediction power of various models with various settings (nonlinear effects, time-varying sensitivity, and learning) is compared. The assumption of “rational behavior adjustment process” in Yang and Zhang (2009) is further verified. Finally, evolutions of different Lyapunov functions used in the literature are plotted, and no obvious diversity is observed.     

无缝线路钢轨温度力测试的位移法

研究无缝线路上钢轨在温度发生变化时轴向温度力的一种有效检测手段,提出了新的测试方法,即位移法。通过建立无缝线路轨道力学模型分析温度力变化时侧向力及其作用位移的变化规律,并结合标定试验对上述规律进行了参数修正,最终实现对钢轨轴向温度力的精确测试。该技术在实践应用中取得良好效果。     

英国利用测速相机治理超速的方案

英国通过“安全相机方案”把自动测速相机成功地用于违章执法来改善道路安全,其核心是“以罚养查”。全面介绍了英国安全相机方案’的实践和程序。其设计理念和过去几年实践的经验对中国的超速治理有较高的借鉴价值。     

基于道路标线的交通事故现场摄影测量研究

论述了基于普通相机的交通事故现场测量技术基本理论,提出了一种利用道路标线作为标定参考物的新的标定方法,在小波多尺度边缘检测基础上,利用Harris角点提取对图像进行分析处理,对影响摄影测量精度的有关参数进行了简要描述,对一个实际事故现场的部分数据进行了分析,验证了设计的算法。     

Online calibration of an integrated framework for information‐based evacuation operations

This study seeks to online calibrate the parameters of aggregate evacuee behavior models used in a behavior‐consistent information‐based control module for determining information strategies for real‐time evacuation operations. It enables the deployment of an operational framework for mass evacuation that integrates three aspects underlying an evacuation operation: demand (evacuee behavior), supply (network management), and disaster characteristics. To attain behavior‐consistency, the control module factors evacuees' likely responses to the disseminated information in determining information‐based control strategies. Hence, the ability of the behavior models to predict evacuees' likely responses is critical to the effectiveness of traffic routing by information strategies. The mixed logit structure is used for the aggregate behavior models to accommodate the behavioral heterogeneity across the population. An online calibration problem is proposed to calibrate the random parameters in the behavior models by using the least square estimator to minimize the gap between the predicted network flows and unfolding traffic dynamics. Background traffic, an important but rarely studied issue for modeling evacuation traffic, is also accounted for in the proposed problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the importance of the calibration problem for addressing the system consistency issues and integrating the demand, supply, and disaster characteristics for more efficient evacuation operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析基于SOPC的网络摄像机技术

网络摄像机是嵌入式视频监控系统研究开发出的一种产品。通过对基于SOPC的网络摄像机技术的分析,了解它的设计思路和构建结构,结合在高速公路中的应用,展望它的前景。     

工业机器人单目双视的应用研究

工业机器人单目双视系统充分利用机器人位姿便于调整的优势,在机器人带动摄像机一起运动过程中,对包含工件的场景进行多次图像采集,实现目标点三维坐标的识别。论文介绍了机器人摄像机的非线性快速补偿算法的定标原理,给出了机器人单目双视三维检测实验。单目双视结合工业机器人控制软件,可使工业机器人能实时调整运动轨迹也可对工件进行非接触测量,提高了工业机器人的适应性和灵活性。