中国公路资本存量测算(1952-2009)

资本存量数据是进行宏观经济分析的核心变量之一,同时也是资产负债核算的重要内容. 目前,经济学界对我国资本存量估算的研究工作已有不少积累,但并没有对公路进行过单独研究和测算. 1998年以来的大规模公路建设投资形成了庞大的公共基础设施,为我国社会经济奠定了重要的发展基础,因此,无论是立足于全社会还是交通行业自身,都很有必要采用资本存量的概念对我国公路资产进行准确度量. 本文基于国际通用的永续盘存法（PIM）探讨公路资本存量测算的若干技术问题,首次采用分解加权法计算了我国的公路资产折旧率,并对1952-2009年我国公路资本存量进行了系统测算. 不仅在数据上为相关分析提供支撑,同时在方法上可为其他单项资产的资本存量测算提供借鉴.     

发挥我国风险投资优势,拓宽风险资本来源

我国的风险投资发展有许多有利因素,发展潜力巨大。结合中国国情,中国在解决风险资金短缺难题时,必须开辟多渠道拓宽风险资本来源,才能为风险资本投资高技术风险企业开辟“入口”,进而为高技术风险企业直接顺利地融资提供可能的便利渠道。     

社会资本及其获取途径

本文对国外学者有关社会资本的定义进行了学理上的辨析,提出了自己对社会资本的定义。在理论分析的基础上,结合中国社会的实际情况,将中国社会行动者的社会资本划分为“基础性社会资本”和“自获性社会资本”两种类型,并分别论述了两种社会资本的获取途径及其对社会行动者的意义,从个人生命历程的视角对中国社会行动者社会资本的获取作了一个较为完整的诠释。     

The place of transport in facilitating social inclusion via the mediating influence of social capital

Social policy makers rarely associate the ability to be mobile with having a role in the facilitation of social inclusion. This paper provides an initial exploration of the association between a person’s travel patterns and their risk of social exclusion. Information is drawn from a major Australian Research Council transport study which interviewed 535 people from Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. It includes an analysis of the extent of the person’s bonding and bridging social networks, their connectedness to the community, self-assessed level of well-being and their beliefs about whether or not they are able to control outcomes in their life. It was found that those who had the greatest risk of social exclusion, travelled less often and less distance, owned fewer cars and used public transport less, than those who were more socially included. However, those who were more at risk of social exclusion did not identify their lower trips as due to either a lack of transport, or problems with the public transport system. The ability to have good bridging networks appears to be related to increased trip-making and promotion of social inclusion but not necessarily self-assessed well-being which is satisfied by bonding networks.     

Motility as a policy objective

Western literature abounds with powerful imagery of mobility and travel, extolling the richness of experience and learning that can only happen along the way. The more common policy and research contexts consider travel and mobility as an important means to an end, valued relative to the destination activity. This review builds on the research that considers on-the-way benefits in order to expand this perspective as a part of transport studies. The question posed is if there is a place to evaluate mobility as a life-enhancing activity in its own right, directly contributing to the capacity for autonomy and freedom of choice that are central elements of personal well-being. Motility or mobility capital, defined as the capacity for mobility, offers a theoretical context for this purpose. The literature has adopted motility for its ability to broaden the understanding of mobility choices, by structuring a role for material, human, social and cultural capital as contributing to an individual’s capacity for mobility. The context of individual capital implies that motility holds value not only as an input to mobility choices, but also through its exchange value with other forms of capital, thereby promoting broader contexts for human flourishing. Therefore, motility has value as a policy objective for its contribution to individual well-being and this article further argues that it is through mobility experiences that this type of capital can be advanced.     

一种简易的拖网渔船主要参数的优化法

本文研究编制了确定拖网渔船鱼舱容积、主机功率、主尺度和方形系数的计算机优化程序,并简述了优化法运用于渔船方案设计时的原理和步骤。以底拖网渔船为例,用吨鱼成本和资金回收率作为经济目标函数,借助电子计算机,通过多方案的比较,能迅速有效地确定满足渔场作业情况最经济的鱼舱容积、主机功率、主尺度和方形系数。     

城市交通供给侧结构性改革研究

城市交通供给侧结构性改革的实质是以改善交通供给为着眼点,通过资源配置方式的创新,提升交通资源配置的效率和效益。基于城市交通供给的服务产品社会经济属性分析,认为当前中国城市交通供给模式存在供给决策缺乏科学依据和法制约束、供给策略失当、发展理念错位、服务供给与市场需求脱节、交通供给过分依赖资源驱动等问题。指出城市交通供给侧结构性改革应坚持合理性、有效性、科学性的衡量标准。提出城市交通供给侧结构性改革的战略目标、方向和当前改革的重点,包括调整交通供给模式、重组交通体系结构、优化交通供给策略等。     

民间资本进入甘肃交通基础设施建设领域的问题研究

本文分析了民间资本投入甘肃交通基础设施建设的必要性,剖析引起民间资本投资交通建设力度不足的原因,结合国内外先进做法,提出甘肃交通建设要吸引民间资本,应放宽体制限制、加大财政支持力度、拓宽融资途径等对策建议。     

小议资本管理的现实意义及其实质

资本管理是现代商业银行发展的必然趋势,是现代商业银行经营管理的核心内容。从四个层面来分析我国银行业强化资本管理的现实意义及其实质内涵,提出了中国银行业建立有效的资本管理机制的基本途径。     

社会资本重建中的政治命题

本文从社会资本与政治的相关性入手，着重分析社会资本构建的两种模式，社会法团主义和国家法团主义。在比较这两种模式的基础上，重点探讨第三世界国家政治转型过程中社会资本的重要性、如何构建社会资本以及社会资本政治化怎样削弱重建的努力。文章认为，在威权主义体制内，通过国家力量来构建社会资本，不可能实现从国家法团主义向社会法团主义的转变。