The effects of wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives

In this study, in order to examine the effects of a wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives, the stick–slip vibration was analysed according to theoretical and simulation analysis. The decrease of the slip rate vibration amplitude improved the stability of the stick–slip vibration and the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. Increasing the longitudinal guide stiffness of the wheelset and the motor suspension stiffness were proposed as effective measures to improve the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. These results showed that the dynamic slip rate was inversely proportional to the series result of the square root of the longitudinal guide and motor suspension stiffness. The larger the motor suspension stiffness was, the smaller the required longitudinal guidance stiffness was at the same re-adhesion time once the wheel slip occurred, and vice versa. The simulation results proved that the re-adhesion time of the locomotive was approximately proportional to amplitude of the dynamic slip rate. When the stick–slip vibration occurred, the rotary and the longitudinal vibrations of the wheelset were coupled, which was confirmed by train's field tests.     

Lateral dynamics emulation via a four-wheel steering vehicle

In this paper, we examine the lateral dynamics emulation capabilities of an automotive vehicle equipped with four-wheel steering. We first demonstrate that the lateral dynamics of a wide range of vehicles can be emulated, either with little or with no modification on the test vehicle. Then we discuss a sliding mode controller for active front and rear wheel steering, in order to track some given yaw rate and side-slip angle. Analytically, it is shown that the proposed controller is robust to plant parameter variations by±10%, and is invariant to unmeasurable wind disturbance. The performance of the sliding mode controller is evaluated via computer simulations to verify its robustness to vehicle parameter variations and delay in the loop, and its insensitivity to wind disturbance. Finally, the emulation of a bus, a van, and two commercially available passenger vehicles is demonstrated in an advanced nonlinear simulator.     

船舶舱室置换通风系统的数值模拟和优化

船上有些空间大、人员集中、船体结构复杂的舱室,传统送风方式难以满足需求,给空气环境设计带来很大挑战。文章采用计算流体力学方法研究置换通风系统在船舶舱室中的应用,通过建立物理和数值计算模型,在设计初始阶段对其进行气流组织、热舒适性等方面的模拟分析和优化应用研究;针对某实船舱室的置换通风系统原始方案和优化方案进行对比分析,结果表明置换通风系统具有流动分层和垂直温度梯度的特点。相比原始方案,优化方案使舱室内温度、风速和热舒适性指标等得到优化,有效降低了吹风感,保证人体周围的空气品质,热舒适性指标也符合标准要求。对船舶置换通风系统的应用研究具有借鉴意义。     

基于惯性基准法的轨道高低不平顺影响分析

为研究轨道结构敏感因素对中长波高低不平顺的影响,建立了车辆—轨道耦合模型,基于惯性基准法仿真检测轨道高低不平顺,分析了轨道结构振动及不同扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高低不平顺的影响.结果表明:在波长2～6 m范围内,柔性轨道估算不平顺明显大于无质量轨道不平顺;从时域角度分析时,扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高...     

汽车悬架多刚体动力学分析及九点控制

汽车机械系统的建模、分析与求解始终是动力学的关键问题,为快速准确地求解分析,文章借助多刚体系统动力学的拉格朗日法对汽车悬架进行分析,建立了基于多刚体系统动力学的主动悬架系统模型,并采用九点控制策略进行了理论分析和计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,以多刚体动力学方法同九点控制策略相结合的汽车悬架系统性能良好。     

层合圆锥壳的声辐射

为了研究流体载荷作用下正交铺设层合圆锥壳的声辐射,详细研究了一个锥壳的声辐射理论模型。通过把层合圆锥壳划分为许多小段圆柱,处理作用在锥壳上的重质流体载荷。然而,锥壳的位移场仍然由单个锥壳的运动方程描述。锥壳的位移利用波传播法和Galerkin法求解。锥壳的远场声辐射利用两端带无限障板的全部圆柱段的声辐射相叠加。声压在波数域表示。研究了层合锥壳的结构声辐射特性。     

Clockwise hysteresis loops in the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: An effect of network instability

A recent study reported that the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram of a medium size city exhibited a clockwise hysteresis loop on a day in which a major disturbance caused many drivers to use unfamiliar routes. It is shown below that, even in a perfectly symmetric network with uniform demand, clockwise loops are to be expected when there are disturbances, especially if the disturbances cause a significant fraction of the drivers to not change routes adaptively. It is also shown that when drivers are not adaptive networks are inherently more unstable as they recover from congestion than as they are loaded. In other words, during recovery congestion tends more strongly toward unevenness because very congested areas clear more slowly than less congested areas. Since it is known that uneven congestion distributions reduce network flows, it follows that lower network flows should arise during recovery, resulting in clockwise loops. Fortunately, the presence of a sufficient number of drivers that choose routes adaptively to avoid congested areas helps to even out congestion during recovery, increasing flow. Thus, clockwise loops are less likely to occur when driver adaptivity is high.     

带滞变支撑悬臂输流管的稳定性

为了研究带滞变支撑输流管的非线性动力特性,基于Hamilton原理将滞变支撑的虚功引入管道的能量方程,导出了该系统的动力学方程,编制了相应的数值计算程序,研究了输流管的复杂动力响应及滞变特性参数对系统动力特性的影响.结果表明:带滞变支撑的悬臂输流管表现出极其复杂的动力学行为,当无量纲流速相继达到9.5、14.6、15.5与17.2时,结构响应将分别呈现屈曲、颤振、混沌以及跳跃现象;支撑的耗能特性越强,系统的复杂响应参数范围越宽.     

磁性液体密封结构中漏磁的研究

为了研究磁性液体密封结构几何参数的变化对漏磁场的影响规律,选取不同的密封间隙、极齿宽度、齿槽宽度、齿槽深度及密封级数建立物理模型,用有限元方法计算各模型的漏磁场.结果表明在密封结构的轴向和径向距离上存在某一临界值,在临界值的两侧,漏磁场磁感应强度随密封结构几种几何参数的变化趋势不同：在轴向距离大于临界值时,轴向漏磁场磁感应强度随间隙的增大而增大,随级数的增加而减小,随齿宽的增大而减小,随槽宽和槽深的增大而增大;在径向距离小于临界值时,径向漏磁场磁感应强度随间隙的增大而减小,随级数的增加而增大,随齿宽的增大而增大,随槽宽的增大而增大,随槽深的增大而减小;径向距离大于临界值时的情况与小于临界值时的情况刚好相反.     

基于系统动力学的融资物流业务风险分析

融资难一直是困扰中小企业发展的重要因素。物流融资业务的出现较好地解决了这个难题。同时物流金融业务的开展也为金融业和物流业的发展带来了机遇。但是在风险控制方面,目前还缺少一些规范化、标准化的标准和认识。本文运用系统动力学原理的因果关系反馈原理,对物流融资业务各个要素进行了分析,找出其中的因果关系,提出了规避物流融资业务风险的主要措施及注意事项,对业务主体方规避风险具有一定的参考价值。