Comparing travel mode and trip chain choices between holidays and weekdays

Choices of travel mode and trip chain as well as their interplays have long drawn the interests of researchers. However, few studies have examined the differences in the travel behaviors between holidays and weekdays. This paper compares the choice of travel mode and trip chain between holidays and weekdays tours using travel survey data from Beijing, China. Nested Logit (NL) models with alternative nesting structures are estimated to analyze the decision process of travelers. Results show that there are at least three differences between commuting-based tours on weekdays and non-commuting tours on holidays. First, the decision structures in weekday and holiday tours are opposite. In weekday tours people prefer to decide on trip chain pattern prior to choosing travel mode, whereas in holiday tours travel mode is chosen first. Second, holiday tours show stronger dependency on cars than weekday tours. Third, travelers on holidays are more sensitive to changes in tour time than to the changes in tour cost, while commuters on weekdays are more sensitive to tour cost. Findings are helpful for improving travel activity modeling and designing differential transportation system management strategies for weekdays and holidays.     

城市道路环境下自动驾驶车辆接管绩效分析（双语出版）

为了分析城市道路环境下高度自动驾驶中非驾驶相关任务和接管紧迫度对接管绩效的影响，基于驾驶模拟器设计了自动驾驶紧急接管场景并开展驾驶模拟试验，接管请求时间分别设定为3，4，5 s，非驾驶相关任务为读新闻、看视频、玩游戏，自动驾驶车速为50 km·h^-1，试验中共招募了49名被试（男性30名，女性19名），被试的平均年龄为31.06岁（标准差为7.1岁），驾驶人在自动驾驶阶段始终执行非驾驶相关任务，听到接管请求提示后需要接管车辆的控制权，并实施紧急避让操作。研究结果表明：在紧急接管情况下，接管紧迫度对合成加速度和最小TTC有影响，而对接管时间无影响，与5 s的接管请求时间条件相比，3，4 s的接管请求时间条件下的合成加速度明显增加，而最小TTC则随接管请求时间的减少而降低；非驾驶相关任务对接管时间和最小TTC有影响，而对合成加速度无影响，与无非驾驶相关任务相比，非驾驶相关任务会显著增加接管时间和降低最小TTC；碰撞几乎都发生在3 s和4 s的接管请求时间下，5 s的接管请求时间能够基本保证接管的安全性。     

An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

汽车驾驶员不安全行为评价分析

为稳步增强汽车驾驶的安全性,减少安全事故的发生,驾驶人员除了需要具备足够的应急应变能力之外,还需要做好安全行为习惯养成工作,形成良好的驾驶习惯。文章以汽车驾驶员不安全行为作出研究对象,在明确不安全行为表现的基础上,深刻分析影响汽车驾驶人员不安全行为的因素,在此基础上,制定合理的应对策略,旨在引导驾驶人员形成安全行为,以不断提升驾驶员的驾驶能力。     

西安市小学生行为问题及其影响因素调查分析

为了解儿童心理发育状况及其影响因素 ,应用 Achenbach′s儿童行为量表 ,测查了西安市 86 2名小学生。结果显示小学生行为问题检出率为 14.7%。多因素分析表明 ,影响小学生行为发育的因素主要有父母婚姻状况不佳、父亲健康状况差、不良的教育方式及不适当的期望等。提示小学生中存在的行为问题较为严重 ,在儿保及学校卫生工作中应重视加强精神卫生保健。     

基于认知地图的地铁空间导视系统优化分析

在认知心理学理论背景下,分析了乘客进入地铁地下空间的心理行为及感受。通过地铁导视系统与认知地图的搭建,剖析完善的地铁空间认知元素,并以此为设计对象,对地铁导视系统中乘客方向感缺失等问题作出一些具体分析与优化。     

Traffic risk behavior and perceptions of Thai motorcyclists: A case study

This study aimed to investigate Thai motorcyclists' traffic risk behavior and their perceptions of it, information of value in the design and implementation of public health policies and campaigns for the reduction of road injuries. Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire completed by 399 motorcyclists in Muang Krabi district, Krabi province, Thailand. The questionnaire focused on the respondents' perceptions of general traffic risks and the specific risks at 3 identified hazardous sites. The results of the survey indicated that the correct fastening of helmet straps had a relationship with responsible traffic risk perceptions.     

刚架系杆拱桥钢-混凝土接头传力行为研究

对于钢—混凝土组合结构而言,其两者的有效结合和共同受力是关键。以某座刚架系杆拱桥钢—混凝土接头为对象进行了研究,作为整个桥梁的关键构造,其计算理论是否符合实际及合理显得尤为重要。文章采用解析的方法,考虑了基于三角形反力分布和矩形反力分布两种埋入式接头模式,并在矩形反力分布模式中考虑了钢—混凝土粘结力的影响。将两种计算模式的结果及是否考虑钢—混凝土粘结力计算的结果进行了比较。结果表明：具有类似工程背景的混合拱桥钢—混凝土接头可以采用设结合段的埋入式接头理论进行设计与分析,是否考虑钢—混凝土粘结力对计算结果有较大的影响。     

Flexural gravity wave generation by initial disturbances in the presence of current

The effect of uniform current on the generation of flexural gravity waves resulting from initial disturbances at a point was analyzed in two dimensions. The problem was formulated as an initial boundary value problem under the assumptions of the linearized theory of water waves. By direct application of the Laplace transform and then the Fourier transform, explicit expressions for the velocity potential and free surface elevation were obtained in integral forms; these were evaluated asymptotically for large distances and times by the application of the method of the stationary phase to obtain the far field behavior of the surface elevations in specific cases. Simple numerical computations were performed to illustrate the effect of uniform current on the surface elevation, wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the flexural gravity waves and on the far field behavior of the progressive waves in two different cases, namely, when there is an initial depression concentrated at the origin and an initial impulse concentrated at the origin.     

THE CHANGES OF CHILDREN′S BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN XI′AN DURING FIVE YEARS FROM 1988 TO 1993

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