基于文物热安全度的文物保护环境控制研究

合理有效地控制文物保存环境是文物保护最基本和最重要的工作。规范里对文物保护环境的温度控制仅从环境温度方面着手,而该参数并不能真正反映文物的温度状态,以此为文物保护环境控制的依据存在缺陷,基于此,本文提出了一个全新的概念——文物热安全度,它综合了温度、湿度、风速和辐射四个指标对文物温度的影响。结合北京市某博物馆的文物展厅,对其四项指标进行了三次测试实验,结果表明:环境温度与文物本身的温度的确存有差异。将文物热安全度应用于博物馆智能空调系统,可对文物保护环境进行高精度的控制,还可保证空调系统的低碳节能运行,具有较高的社会、经济效益,值得在博物馆设计中推广应用。     

干湿循环作用下砂岩力学特性及能量损伤演化

内陆港口砂岩地基在水的循环作用下,岩石力学性能劣化,威胁港口地基的长期稳定性。为探究砂岩在干湿循环作用下的力学特性及能量损伤,开展不同干湿循环次数下的三轴压缩试验。结果表明:随着干湿循环作用的增强,砂岩力学性能指标逐渐衰减,当循环次数达到15次时,衰减幅度基本收敛;砂岩峰值强度、残余强度、弹性模量和变形模量的劣化度累积具有相似规律,干湿循环0~8次时累积速率较快,循环次数达到15次时累积速率放缓;在应力作用下,岩石吸收总能量随着应变增长而逐渐递增,耗散能累积主要集中在岩石破坏阶段。能量耗散导致损伤发展,损伤变量与耗散能走势较为一致。     

基于解析法的船-平台碰撞耗散能快速估算方法

海洋平台在作业过程中存在遭受船舶碰撞的潜在危险,一旦事故发生将可能导致结构产生严重损伤从而影响平台的作业安全,因此在平台结构设计阶段考虑其抗撞性能具有重要意义.本文以供应船撞击半潜平台为研究对象,基于碰撞外部动力学分析理论,在浮式平台规范法耗散能计算基础上,运用解析法推导出考虑平台艏摇运动响应的船舶非对心撞击平台耗散能求解方程,同时借鉴船-船碰撞耗散能估算方法,得到一般碰撞场景即考虑船-平台在碰撞过程中相对运动的耗散能解析式,并自编计算耗散能程序,实现船-平台碰撞碰撞耗散能的快速估算.最后通过非线性有限元分析(NLFEA)方法,计算出供应船与平台在碰撞过程产生的应变能并与解析法的算例结果进行对比,结果表明:规范法耗散能估算方法较为保守,不适用于一般碰撞场景下的耗散能估算;本文所提出的耗散能解析法可用于准确可靠地估算相类似船-平台碰撞场景下撞击船的耗散能.     

A comparative study on data segregation for mesoscopic energy modeling

On-road vehicles have been considered as one of the major contributors to energy consumption and air pollutant emissions. In order to quantify the corresponding environmental impacts, great efforts have been dedicated to the microscopic and macroscopic modeling for vehicle energy consumption and emissions. However, the mesoscopic modeling research that is focused on estimating trip-based energy consumption and is critical to some ITS applications (e.g., environmentally-friendly navigation), is relatively deficient. This study aims to investigate the effects of different data segregation methods on the mesoscopic modeling for vehicle energy consumption. A variety of novel methods, including the so-called conditional operating mode based method, have been proposed and evaluated using field data. Based on real-world data, statistical analyses have demonstrated the superior performance of enhanced models (i.e., conditional operating mode/VSP based models) in estimating vehicle energy consumption on a trip basis, compared to the other four models (velocity binning, time snipping, distance snipping and VSP based models) tested in this study.     

大型船舶蒸汽系统热能计算分析

以大型万箱级集装箱船为研究对象，从船舶蒸汽系统设计的角度出发，结合船舶在降速及燃烧高粘度燃油航行状态下蒸汽耗量的分析，废气锅炉蒸汽产量分析，计算出主机废气排量及温度、锅炉产汽量及船舶设备的耗汽量，最终得出辅锅炉不启动运行前提下的船舶主机最低运行功率，以达到船舶最大节能降耗的效果，对航运企业船队综合节能增效策略最佳实践具有参考价值。     

New energy vehicle in China for sustainable development: Analysis of success factors and strategic implications

The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of the influential factors that affect the sustainable development of new energy vehicle in China, investigate the cause-effect relationships among them, and propose some appropriate policies and efficacious measures for the policy-makers to promote its sustainable development. Interpretative Structuring Modeling was used to identify the critical factors affecting the sustainability of China’s new energy vehicle industry and to find the potential relationships among the factors; subsequently, fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory was employed to investigate the cause-effect relationships among the influential factors and to prioritize these factors. The results reveal that technological maturity, technological standards for new energy vehicles, and funds on R&D of new energy vehicles are the three most important driving factors for promoting the sustainable development of new energy vehicle industry of China. Some implications were also proposed for China’s authority. The success factors and strategic implications of new energy vehicles in China were investigated in a multi-criteria analysis approach.     

Green port project scheduling with comprehensive efficiency consideration

ABSTRACT

Ports are an important driving force for world economic growth, but they consume considerable energy. The marine sector has proposed the development of green ports to achieve low-carbon sustainable development. This paper presents a green project scheduling model of port construction to optimize comprehensive economic and environmental efficiency. Various realistic constraints are considered, including investment scale, energy savings, emissions reduction, and project priority. Comprehensive efficiency involves cost reduction, energy savings, emissions reduction, and other efficiency goals. The problem is formulated as an integer program and is solved using CPLEX in a general algebraic modeling system (GAMS). We use a representative port in China as a case port in solving its green project scheduling. The results show that the port can save 6,527 tons of standard coal, reduce 40,875 tons of CO₂, and save 49 million yuan per year in the five-year implementation period. The payback in investing in these green projects is less than six years. From an economic and environmental perspective, the comprehensive efficiency achieved is significant.     

Spontaneous emergence versus technology management in sustainable mobility transitions: Electric bicycles in China

This paper describes and seeks to understand the scale of the electric bicycle (electric two-wheeler) market in China, and to begin to explain its emergence with a view to outlining the prospects for learning from this case for applications in other countries around the world. Drawing on secondary data from Chinese government sources, electric bicycle industry websites, Chinese media sites and other sources, this exploratory paper positions the development of the electric bicycle market as occurring largely in the absence of positive policy intervention – in stark contrast to the nurturing afforded the electric car sector world-wide. The paper develops a multi-scalar perspective of transitions theory in an institutional setting, with examples drawn from Beijing and Fuzhou, to explain the processes of change outside of the traditional reference context of technology policy and management. It is concluded that transitions theory has a greater flexibility and adaptability as an explanatory framework than previously shown, but empirically the electric two-wheeler is a weakly-embedded alternative to mainstream automobility.     

减压环在被动柔性防护网中的耗能作用研究

基于落石防护措施受力系统的复杂性及不同系统参数研究的有效性角度考虑,数值方法正成为研究被动柔性防护网动态受力行为的重要手段。为研究被动柔性防护网中的减压环在落石冲击作用下的耗能及缓冲作用,以实际被动柔性防护网为原型,建立含减压环及不含减压环的两种被动柔性防护网有限元模型,基于ANSYS/LSDYNA分析两种防护网在不同冲击能量及冲击位置下的动力响应。研究结果表明:减压环可增强被动柔性防护网的柔性、改善作用部位的性能,同时能显著地提高被动柔性防护网的耗能能力。同时,数值结果的对比分析为下一步试验设计以校正有限元模型和研究实体构件受力特征提供了参考依据。     

装船作业流程逆启动和顺停的开发与实现

为了进一步完成公司年度节能降耗的指标,技术人员根据本部设备情况和装船流程工艺开发了取装流程的逆启动和顺停操作,攻克了"取料机长时间不上料"和"流程长时间空运转"这两项难题,为公司的节能工作做出了很大的贡献。