一种新的碰撞耗散能快速估算方法及其在船—平台碰撞事故中的应用研究

海洋平台在作业过程中存在遭受船舶碰撞的潜在危险,一旦事故发生将可能导致结构严重损伤从而影响平台的作业安全,因此在平台结构设计阶段需要考虑其抗撞性能.文章以海洋供应船撞击半潜式钻井平台为研究对象,基于碰撞外部动力学理论和DNV规范计算方法,计及平台艏摇运动响应的影响,提出了一种新的耗散能估算方法-DNV`R解析法.以非线性有限元船-平台碰撞数值仿真结果为参考,将该解析法与规范法、Zhang解析法及Liu解析法计算结果进行对比,研究得出:文中所提出的DNV`R解析法弥补了规范法较为保守且仅适用于对心碰撞场景的不足,计算过程简单、便捷,且计算精度与Zhang解析法和Liu解析法基本接近,能够满足船-平台碰撞耗散能快速估算的精度要求.     

一种新的碰撞耗散能快速估算方法及其在船—平台碰撞事故中的应用研究（英文）

海洋平台在作业过程中存在遭受船舶碰撞的潜在危险,一旦事故发生将可能导致结构严重损伤从而影响平台的作业安全,因此在平台结构设计阶段需要考虑其抗撞性能。文章以海洋供应船撞击半潜式钻井平台为研究对象,基于碰撞外部动力学理论和DNV规范计算方法,计及平台艏摇运动响应的影响,提出了一种新的耗散能估算方法-DNV`R解析法。以非线性有限元船-平台碰撞数值仿真结果为参考,将该解析法与规范法、Zhang解析法及Liu解析法计算结果进行对比,研究得出:文中所提出的DNV`R解析法弥补了规范法较为保守且仅适用于对心碰撞场景的不足,计算过程简单、便捷,且计算精度与Zhang解析法和Liu解析法基本接近,能够满足船-平台碰撞耗散能快速估算的精度要求。     

半潜式海洋平台与供应船尾部发生正碰分析

随着世界上海洋平台的增多,船舶与海洋平台的碰撞事故也随之变多,碰撞事故往往产生巨大损失.为了研究其碰撞规律,本文基于有限元软件Ansys/Ls-Dyna,研究分析不同速度下供应船尾部与半潜式海洋平台的碰撞,碰撞中的流体采用附加质量法处理.为确保计算结果精度,对碰撞的局部区域进行网格细化.计算结果表明,正碰时平台内部结构单元首先发生破坏(内部结构指水平强框处单元),外板失效所需能量比内部结构大;当撞击速度小于破坏速度时,单元没有破坏,但当船回弹时,外板上的板单元产生振动,应力和能量产生短时间波动.     

LNG船与高桩码头碰撞的力学特性

基于有限元方法研究LNG船与高桩码头碰撞过程的受力特性,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立LNG船和高桩码头的结构模型,数值仿真了不同撞击速度、撞击角度时LNG船与高桩码头的有效应力与撞击力,分析撞击过程结构的受力特性.针对撞击力,对比分析不同规范计算结果与软件计算结果,结果表明,《AASHTO桥梁船舶撞击设计指南》计算结果与软件计算结果吻合较好,实际中可采用该规范初步估算LNG船与高桩码头的撞击力.     

半潜式海洋平台与供应船尾部发生正碰分析

随着世界上海洋平台的增多,船舶与海洋平台的碰撞事故也随之变多,碰撞事故往往产生巨大损失。为了研究其碰撞规律,本文基于有限元软件Ansys/Ls-Dyna,研究分析不同速度下供应船尾部与半潜式海洋平台的碰撞,碰撞中的流体采用附加质量法处理。为确保计算结果精度,对碰撞的局部区域进行网格细化。计算结果表明,正碰时平台内部结构单元首先发生破坏(内部结构指水平强框处单元),外板失效所需能量比内部结构大;当撞击速度小于破坏速度时,单元没有破坏,但当船回弹时,外板上的板单元产生振动,应力和能量产生短时间波动。     

油轮艏部结构碰撞特性研究

在船舶碰撞中,船艏是主要作用方.船艏结构的碰撞特性是影响船-船碰撞过程中被撞船舷侧结构损伤程度的决定因素.为减少碰撞事故损失,应从碰撞的观点对船艏结构的特性进行研究,提出一种研究船艏的碰撞特性的方法及表征船艏碰撞特性的特征量,据以改进船艏设计.根据船艏结构本身的碰撞破损过程,对船艏结构碰撞力与破损深度的关系、艏部构件在碰撞过程中的损伤形态和能量耗散进行了研究,指出碰撞力曲线是船艏结构的一种固有特性.提出了碰撞力面积密度曲线的概念,它可以用于定量表达船艏结构对其它结构的破坏能力.利用有限元数值模拟方法计算了一艘4万吨船艏的碰撞损坏实例,显示了上述碰撞特征并讨论了提高碰撞数值模拟计算精度的方法.     

基于全耦合技术的船体结构碰撞性能研究

由于船舶碰撞问题的复杂性,通常是将船舶碰撞的外部机理与内部机理分开研究。作者基于“全耦合”分析技术,建立撞击船与被撞船整船模型,成功解决了船体与流场、撞击船与被撞船的耦合。此外,考虑撞击船与被撞船同步损伤,将内部机理同外部机理同步分析。通过数值仿真计算,分析了碰撞后撞击船与被撞船的运动、能量转化以及碰撞力、损伤变形及各构件的吸能情况。另外,开展多种碰撞工况计算研究,得出了便于工程应用的极限撞速曲线,为后续的船舶碰撞研究提供了技术支撑。     

舰艏结构的碰撞损伤性能研究

船舶碰撞事故往往会引起被撞船的船体结构严重损坏,并且威胁船上人员的生命安全.在船一船碰撞中被撞船的损伤程度取决于两个方面:一是舷侧结构的碰撞性能;二是撞击船艏结构的相对刚度.船舶的艏部结构刚度一般远远高于舷侧结构的刚度,在船舶碰撞研究时,通常将撞头理想化为刚体,不考虑其损伤变形和能量吸收,这样做实际上过于保守.本文针对舰船,主要研究舰艏结构的碰撞损伤特性,将撞击舰艏作为可变形结构进行数值仿真研究,得到了一些艏部变形的规律.     

船首形状对舷侧结构碰撞性能的影响研究

船舶碰撞问题一直是船舶力学界研究的热点,但以往的研究并没有深入分析各类船舶的不同艏部形状对碰撞性能所产生的影响.为此利用数值仿真软件MSC/Dytran,对具有不同曲率的球鼻型船首和不同张角的常规船首撞击下舷侧结构的碰撞性能进行了定量的比较研究.结果表明,撞击船首部形状对被撞船舷侧结构的碰撞性能产生显著的影响,撞击船球鼻曲率形状参数越小或艏部张角越大,舷侧结构极限撞深提高,碰撞力增大,极限撞深时的吸能增多.     

中国新型极地考察船冰载荷预估研究

本文针对中国新型极地考察船所受冰载荷进行了研究,其中包含了平整冰阻力和浮冰碰撞力.对于船舶设计者和建造者来说,船舶冰载荷的预估非常重要.本文采用经验公式方法计算了该船在平整冰中航行的冰阻力,并且与模型试验结果进行了对比.结果显示,计算和试验结果中的冰阻力都随船舶航行速度的增大而增大,经验公式方法可以预测出合理的平整冰阻力.通过计算得到了该船的性能曲线,即该船在不同厚度平整冰中航行所能达到的速度.此外,本文还考虑了该船与圆形浮冰之间的三维斜向碰撞问题,采用解析方法评估了浮冰对船舶的撞击力,研究了撞击位置、法向框架角度以及浮冰尺寸对碰撞力的影响.基于计算结果,本文就冰载荷的预测进行了讨论并提出了一些建议.     

半潜式支持平台靠泊海洋生产平台碰撞概率建模

为有效解决深水半潜式支持平台靠泊海洋生产平台过程中存在的碰撞问题,从碰撞事故发生原因入手,借鉴挪威船级社(Det Norske Veritas,DNV)DNV-RP-107规范中的船与海洋平台碰撞概率模型和美国公路与运输协会(American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,AASHTO)《美国公路桥梁防船撞设计指南》中的船桥碰撞概率模型,将支持平台发生向前的过分偏移引起的碰撞场景分为漂移碰撞和动力碰撞2种,建立事件树,得到支持平台靠泊海洋生产平台碰撞概率模型。在此基础上,估算支持平台靠泊碰撞海洋生产平台的概率,由此评估碰撞风险,为半潜式支持平台靠泊碰撞海洋生产平台场景下的相关规范制定提供参考。     

Energy dissipation in high-energy ship-offshore jacket platform collisions

Ship collisions with offshore structures may be characterized by large amounts of kinetic energy that can be dissipated as strain energy in either the ship, or the installation, or shared by both. In this paper a series of FE numerical simulations are performed with the aim of providing a clearer understanding on the strain energy dissipation phenomenon, particularly upon the ship-structure interaction. Ships of different dimensions and layouts are modelled for impact simulations. Likewise, three platform jacket models of different sizes and configurations are considered. The collision cases involve joints, legs, and braces and are simulated for several kinetic energy amounts of the vessels and different impact orientations. An overview of the plastic deformation mechanisms that can occur in both ship and jacket structure is also given. The results from the various models with different collision scenarios are compared in terms of the strain energy dissipation with respect to the different ship/installation strength ratios. From the FEA simplified approaches are also derived in terms of the relative stiffness of the two structures for assessing the responses and energy absorptions of the two structures. The conclusions drawn from this study can be applied to a broader range of collision assessment of offshore steel jacket platforms subjected to high-energy ship impacts.     

船艏横向加强框架对船艏耐撞性能的影响

在撞击过程中船艏结构的典型损伤是外壳板和内加筋的褶皱，撕裂和弯曲。在以前的船舶结构的碰撞分析的简化方法或数值模拟中往往略去横向肋骨框架对船艏碰撞性能的影响。本文利用有限元数值仿真方法研究了横向肋骨框架在碰撞损坏过程中的作用，发现其对船艏结构的损伤形态、碰撞力及能量耗散有重要影响。因而是碰撞计算中不可忽略的因素。     

An analytical method for predicting the ship side structure response in raked bow collisions

As an increasing number of ships continue to sail in heavy traffic lanes, the possibility of collision between ships has become progressively higher. Therefore, it is of great importance to rapidly and accurately analyse the response and consequences of a ship's side structure subjected to large impact loads, such as collisions from supply vessels or merchant vessels. As the raked bow is a common design that has a high possibility of impacting a ship side structure, this study proposes an analytical method based on plastic mechanism equations for the rapid prediction of the response of a ship's side structure subjected to raked bow collisions. The new method includes deformation mechanisms of the side shell plating and the stiffeners attached. The deformation mechanisms of deck plating, longitudinal girders and transverse frames are also analysed. The resistance and energy dissipation of the side structure are obtained from individual components and then integrated to assess the complete crashworthiness of the side structure of the struck ship. The analytical prediction method is verified by numerical simulation. Three typical collision scenarios are defined in the numerical simulation using the code LS_DYNA, and the results obtained by the proposed analytical method and those of the numerical simulation are compared. The results correspond well, suggesting that the proposed analytical method can improve ship crashworthiness during the design phase.     

基于整船整桥模型的船桥碰撞数值仿真

桥梁在船舶碰撞时受到的动力载荷和响应是复杂的动力非线性问题。近代非线性有限元技术为该问题的求解提供了有效的工具。本文简述了该技术的基本原理，并基于整船整桥模型，对一艘4万吨实船与桥梁的碰撞过程进行了计算。仿真结果显示了船艏结构损坏、碰撞力演变、能量传递和桥墩内部应力变化的详细情景，讨论了船—桥碰撞的力学特征。本文演示的方法比传统的经验公式和简化解析法提供了更为精确的结果。所提供的桥墩应力状态对桥梁的设计与碰撞后的损伤评估有重要参数价值。     

补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤环境研究

基于横向补给作业中各个阶段可能出现的舷侧碰撞模式所确定的两船碰撞发生时的夹角和补给作业船受撞位置,进行横向补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤仿真研究。分析了补给作业船的吸能特性和碰撞过程中两船的运动状态,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和损伤变形的时序结果。该文的研究可对于开展补给作业船舷侧碰撞结构损伤评估、舷侧抗撞结构的优化设计提供指导。     

计及船体梁载荷影响的船舶舷侧结构碰撞性能

以被撞船舷侧结构作为研究对象,建立了两船发生侧向对中垂直碰撞的非线性有限元模型。并以此为基础,进行了被撞船舷侧结构碰撞数值仿真研究,得到了能量-碰撞船位移以及碰撞力-碰撞船位移的关系曲线;研究了预载荷对船舶舷侧结构碰撞性能的影响。数值仿真结果表明,由于船体梁载荷的作用,船舶结构碰撞性能受到一定程度的削弱。     

Dynamic responses analysis of a 5 MW spar-type floating wind turbine under accidental ship-impact scenario

Ship impact against offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT) has been identified as one of the major hazards with the development of OFWTs. The dynamic responses of OFWTs under ship impact should be taken into consideration during the design phase. This paper addresses a study on the dynamic responses of an OFWT in ship collision scenarios. Firstly, a mathematical model for external mechanism of ship-OFWT collision scenario is developed. Secondly, this model is combined with an in-house programme, DARwind, which can be used to predict nonlinear dynamic responses of whole OFWT system in time-domain. With the newly combined analysis tool, simulation cases for different scenarios are conducted to investigate the nonlinear dynamic responses of OFWT system, including the cases of still water condition, wave-only condition and wind-wave condition. It is shown that in still water condition, the ship impact will more obviously change the responses of motions and mooring system, compared with those in wave and wave-wind conditions. In the wave-only condition, these motions responses of platform are suppressed by wave effect, but the tower vibration and tower top deformation are sensitive to ship collision. For the wave-wind combined condition, the motions increment in surge and pitch due to ship collision becomes smaller than that of wave-only condition, but yaw motion has a considerable variation compared with those of the other two conditions. Additionally, the blade tip deformation increment due to ship collision are analyzed and it is found that the edgewise tip deformation got more obvious increment than that of flapwise. To further asses the safety of OFWT, the acceleration at nacelle are analyzed because some equipment might be sensitive to acceleration. The analysis results indicate that even though the OFWT structure doesn't get critical damage by ship impact, the equipment inside may still fail to work due to the high value of acceleration induced by ship impact. The research outcomes can benefit the safety design of OFWT in the engineering practice.