深水SPAR风机系统全耦合动力响应分析研究

文章采用联合开发的计算程序对深水SPAR风机的浮体、锚泊和风机各子系统进行了水—气动力的全耦合数值分析,研究了深水浮式风机系统的动力响应特点。浮体水动力计算采用基于二阶精度的混合波浪模型(Hybrid Wave Model)的MORISON公式,锚泊系统采用细长杆理论通过非线性有限元方法实现,风机系统的空气动力分析采用基于多体气动弹性理论的FAST模块。以浮体控制方程为主体,通过模块间的载荷与位移传递在每个时间步上迭代求解,形成完全耦合的时域分析方法。通过对NREL的5MW SPAR风机系统在随机海况下的水动力响应分析,验证了该方法的有效性,并分析了浮式风机子系统间的混合动力作用。     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

大型浮式结构物结构碰撞性能分析

碰撞事故是基于事故极限状态设计重点考虑的对象,在设计中越来越受到重视。文章以某大型浮式结构物为研究对象,总结分析ISO、API、HSE、DNV、ABS、BV、LR等标准及规范对碰撞场景的相关规定,提出碰撞分析场景及设计衡准;基于简化分析技术建立碰撞力学模型,利用动态非线性结构分析软件ABAQUS进行仿真分析,通过分析塑性应变、塑性变形、吸能、碰撞力及运动等,校核评估舷侧结构的耐撞性能;分析不同碰撞位置、撞击船型式等对碰撞性能的影响。研究表明:目标大型浮式结构物舷侧结构碰撞事故极限强度满足规范要求,首柱撞击相对比较危险,可作为计算分析控制工况。     

海洋风力电机支撑结构在风机故障状态下的动力响应研究

通过控制叶片的行为模拟风机故障状态,采用广义动态尾迹理论获得叶片的气动力载荷并将其加载到风机支撑结构顶部,最后获得故障情况下风机支撑结构危险截面的等效应力、弯曲应力和塔顶的位移等时程曲线。分析结果显示,风机故障情况将在短时间内急剧增大结构的动力响应。研究表明,应尽量减小故障情况对支撑结构造成的载荷影响,避免结构破坏。     

基于SPH法的冰与船舶螺旋桨碰撞数值模拟

在结冰海域航行的船舶螺旋桨会因受到冰块的撞击而出现严重的损坏。该文建立了冰—桨碰撞计算模型,冰模型采用SPH(光滑粒子流体动力学)法,运用非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟了螺旋桨与冰在不同速度、位置下碰撞和螺旋桨与不同半径冰碰撞下的动态响应。对比研究了在以上单一碰撞因素下桨的变形、单元最大应力以及碰撞过程中产生的碰撞力等响应差异,定性地得出上述因素对冰—桨碰撞的影响规律,为船舶螺旋桨抗冰性能的结构设计提供参考。     

船体湿表面脉动压力预报的三维非线性方法

本文给出了一种预报船体湿表面脉动压力响应的三维非线性时历模拟方法.计及瞬时物面变化引起的各种非线性因素,在时域内建立船体非线性运动方程.在每一时刻,认为船体以其瞬时平均湿表面为平衡位置做简谐振荡运动,利用三维线性频域解来简化运算.在此基础上,进一步将绕射和辐射问题在静平衡位置求解,仅考虑占主导地位的入射波和静恢复力变化的非线性,作为一种兼顾工程需要的计算精度和计算效率的简化方法.以此方法为基础编制了计算机程序,对实船进行了计算,并与模型试验进行了对比.分析比较表明,该方法能够给出令人满意的船体湿表面脉动压力响应预报结果.     

Energy dissipation in high-energy ship-offshore jacket platform collisions

Ship collisions with offshore structures may be characterized by large amounts of kinetic energy that can be dissipated as strain energy in either the ship, or the installation, or shared by both. In this paper a series of FE numerical simulations are performed with the aim of providing a clearer understanding on the strain energy dissipation phenomenon, particularly upon the ship-structure interaction. Ships of different dimensions and layouts are modelled for impact simulations. Likewise, three platform jacket models of different sizes and configurations are considered. The collision cases involve joints, legs, and braces and are simulated for several kinetic energy amounts of the vessels and different impact orientations. An overview of the plastic deformation mechanisms that can occur in both ship and jacket structure is also given. The results from the various models with different collision scenarios are compared in terms of the strain energy dissipation with respect to the different ship/installation strength ratios. From the FEA simplified approaches are also derived in terms of the relative stiffness of the two structures for assessing the responses and energy absorptions of the two structures. The conclusions drawn from this study can be applied to a broader range of collision assessment of offshore steel jacket platforms subjected to high-energy ship impacts.     

基于广义预测控制的船舶动力定位约束控制

鉴于广义预测控制(GPC)方法能用同一方式处理设备和安全约束,且具有较强的抗扰动能力,提出了一种基于GPC的船舶动力定位约束控制器设计方法。运用前馈控制器克服风力扰动的影响,且所产生的前馈量被用来实时修正推力约束,在修正后的推力约束下滚动优化GPC。对承受风、浪、流扰动的某供应船,采用提出的方法设计控制器,并进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器抗扰动能力较强,能完成对船舶的动力定位约束控制。     

船舶与冰排碰撞结构响应研究

冰排的层厚、流速以及特性在很大程度上影响船舶与冰排碰撞的结构响应。本文分别建立船舶和冰排的有限元模型,采用LS-DYNA进行碰撞接触计算,模拟船艏与冰排发生碰撞。主要考虑相同条件下分别改变冰排厚度、运动状态以及物理性质等单个碰撞参数,对比研究不同碰撞工况下船舶的损伤变形、碰撞力等结构响应差异。得出上述因素对船—冰碰撞的影响规律,为提高船舶抗冰载荷设计提供参考。     

基于整船整桥模型的船桥碰撞数值仿真

桥梁在船舶碰撞时受到的动力载荷和响应是复杂的动力非线性问题。近代非线性有限元技术为该问题的求解提供了有效的工具。本文简述了该技术的基本原理，并基于整船整桥模型，对一艘4万吨实船与桥梁的碰撞过程进行了计算。仿真结果显示了船艏结构损坏、碰撞力演变、能量传递和桥墩内部应力变化的详细情景，讨论了船—桥碰撞的力学特征。本文演示的方法比传统的经验公式和简化解析法提供了更为精确的结果。所提供的桥墩应力状态对桥梁的设计与碰撞后的损伤评估有重要参数价值。     

船舶舷侧结构耐撞性分析

为研究船舶舷侧结构的碰撞损伤过程,采用非线性动态响应分析方法,使用ANASYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件,对船艏和船舷垂直碰撞过程进行数值仿真,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和结构损伤变形的时序结果。为了分析船舶舷侧结构耐撞性能,本文对比了常见油船、新型Y型和X型舷侧结构的仿真过程,结果表明新型舷侧结构在整体的耐撞性能上优于传统的舷侧结构,承载构件的不同也会对结构的耐撞性产生很大的差异。     

水介质对船冰碰撞结构响应的影响

以极地运输船舶艏部作为研究对象,建立基于流固耦合算法的船-水-冰耦合技术对三维船艏与冰体碰撞的结构响应问题进行了研究,结合非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对比分析了考虑流固耦合(即有水介质)的船-水-冰碰撞模型和不考虑流固耦合(即无水介质)的船-冰碰撞模型与同质量不同速度的冰体发生碰撞下的结构响应问题,揭示了不同碰撞工况下船舶在损伤变形、碰撞力、速度等方面的变化特征及差异,同时阐述了水介质在船冰碰撞中的作用,可以为极地运输船舶的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

舱内液货对双层舷侧碰撞性能的影响分析

随着大型油轮及液化气船的相继开发和应用,载液货船在碰撞中的损伤问题越来越备受关注.采用大型动力非线性有限元软件ABAQUSXEXPLICIT,对空载和80%装载两种状态下的碰撞动力学过程进行了数值仿真计算.通过两种装载状态下碰撞力载荷、舷侧各构件(舷侧外板、内板及之间十字隔板)损伤变形模式、范围及塑性变形能吸收等的对比分析发现:舱内液货对舷侧外板影响不大,但十字隔板及舷侧内板在损伤范围和能量吸收上均得到了很大的提升,尤其以与液货接触的舷侧内板最为显著.这说明舱内液货对船舶舷侧碰撞性能影响极为不利,在结构设计时必须予以充分考虑.     

基于Ls-dyna的船舶与码头碰撞动力特性仿真分析

运用非线性显式有限元的方法,分析船-码头碰撞的全过程,探讨碰撞部位对船舶动力特性的影响规律,揭示船-码头碰撞过程中船体构件的受损情况,预报碰撞力及变性能的时程变化规律。研究表明:船舶与码头发生首碰、尾碰时,船舶主要受力构件、受力特点明显不同,主要受力构件的应力分布特点是分布面积小,维持时间长,应力数值大;次要受力构件的应力分布特点是分布面积大,维持时间较短,应力数值小性。船舶与码头碰撞过程中伴有船舶的凹陷及船体外板的运动,在实际工程中应当给予足够的重视。     

Full six degrees of freedom coupled dynamic simulation of ship collision and grounding accidents

By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative.     

冰区航行船层冰作用下的结构响应

船冰碰撞是一个复杂的动力学过程,如何得到碰撞中的冰载荷一直是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点之一.本文分别建立300000 t冰区航行船和层冰的有限元模型,基于弹塑性理论及非线性有限元理论,利用MSC.Dytran对其碰撞进行数值仿真,模拟了船首及层冰的接触碰撞过程,最终得到船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞力、船首结构响应、船航速变化及能量耗散等参数.分析船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞机理及特性,并对冰区航行船特别是其船壳提出结构加强的建议,为设计冰区航行船提供一定的参考.     

40万吨级超大型油轮船舶系泊动态响应的试验研究

为探讨超大型油轮在现有码头停靠、作业时的系泊情况,采用船舶系泊物理模型试验方法,分析研究了40万吨级油轮系泊作业时在长周期波及波浪、风、流联合作用下,系泊船舶的动态响应及对系缆力、护舷撞击力的影响。得出了40万吨级油轮在系泊作业过程中在不同波高及周期的波浪作用下运动量、缆力、撞击力的变化规律,提出在试验条件下40万吨级油轮停靠码头系泊作业的系缆方式及应注意问题。可为40万吨级油轮系泊作业提供依据。     

气囊爆破失效极端情况下船舶气囊下水安全性研究

气囊下水已经成功用于7万吨级船舶的下水,但由于下水过程中气囊变形情况不可控,下水过程仍然存在相当的风险。借鉴船舶滑道纵向下水力学理论,针对气囊特征进行改进,引入船用气囊的承压变形本构关系等,建立了船舶气囊下水过程的动力学模型,实现了气囊支承力及船体变形量实时计算。还对多气囊产生的非线性支承力分布、入水气囊的支承力计算、气囊与船体间的摩擦系数等关键问题进行分析研究,编制了相应程序;对下水过程中可能的气囊破坏极端情况进行了模拟计算,研究了气囊爆破失效对下水过程安全性的影响。     

船舶撞击下内河大水位差码头破坏模式研究

本研究采用ABAQUS有限元软件,主要针对内河大水位差码头在最不利工况条件下受到船舶撞击时,码头结构的受力及破坏情况进行数学模拟,得出架空直立式码头的破坏模式。数学模拟结果表明,从码头结构被撞击开始到最终破坏,要经历由弹性变形-弹塑性变形-塑性变形的过程。     

增压锅炉冲击响应计算研究

增压锅炉作为船体内较为重要的设备之一,其抗冲击性能直接关系到舰船的生命力和战斗力。论文基于ABAUQS软件Dynamic/Explicit模块,用船体-设备一体化和非一体化两种分析方法对增压锅炉进行水下爆炸载荷作用下冲击响应进行时域分析。非一体化分析时设备载荷输入来自一体化分析设备基座的响应结果,经过BV规范的方法转换成的等效加速度三角波。设备-船体一体化分析和非一体化分析的增压锅炉响应对比分析结果表明非一体化分析时设备的响应偏小,用于分析设备的抗冲击能力偏于危险,建议采用舰船-设备一体化分析方法对舰船设备进行抗冲击能力分析。