建立整数型轨道状态最优综合维修计划模型

为实现高效的轨道不平顺养护维修,建立最优养护维修计划模型和采用大型养路机械进行作业是十分重要的。本文以养护维修时间为决策变量,以年度轨道不平顺平均值最小为目标函数,在考虑了一系列约束函数的情况下,建立了整数型轨道状态最优综合维修计划模型。该模型能有效利用现场的养护资源,从安全和舒适的角度出发来制定养护计划,该模型的建立从理论上解决了轨道不平顺状态计算机辅助决策系统的关键问题。     

PMM tests in a circulating water channel and nonlinear analysis

As a result of frequent marine disasters leading to the loss of human life and pollution of vast areas of the ocean, ship manoeuvrability has become a very important characteristic of ship design. Among several recent experimental techniques to determine ship manoeuvrability, the most popular is captive model testing using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). This article describes some tests, analyses, and results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel (CWC) using a model of a training ship. The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a model of the training ship Shioji Maru in pure yawing motion were measured, and hydrodynamic derivatives were obtained using two different methods of analysis: singular value decomposition (a least-squares fit method) and Fourier analysis. Derivatives obtained from the tests were used to simulate the turning trajectory of the actual ship, and these were compared with the results of sea trials. The results indicate that both methods of analysis yield fairly similar derivatives. The simulation results were also found to be a close match with the trial results. Received: February 7, 2002 / Accepted: May 14, 2002 Address correspondence to: K. Shoji (shoji@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp)     

世界银行贷款项目“卫津路拓宽工程”的经济效益计算

本市以天津城市主干道卫津路拓宽改造工程为例，论述城市道路经济效益计算方法。按全天高峰小时、非高峰小时，分别计算机动车和非机动车的运营成本、时间价值及事故费用，采用有、无项目对比法．进行经济效益计算。经济效益中以车辆行程时间延误与路口时间延误的节约作为主要效益。     

定值递减法在折旧计算中的应用研究

定值递减法具有折旧额连续按比例递减及折后余值和实际残值吻合的优点，并具有合适的初次折旧额，但其计算过程相对复杂。对其数学规律进行了探讨、分析，证明其折旧额是按比例递减的，并改进了其计算方法，提出新的计算方法．直接计算出折旧额的递减比例，从而计算出各个阶段的折旧额，使折旧额的计算相对简单明了，最后进行了实例验证．有利于定值递减法的推广应用。     

用现有疲劳试验数据确定疲劳裂纹扩展率

疲劳寿命的预报在船舶与海洋工程领域中相当重要，但其关键问题是要找到一种较科学的疲劳寿命预报方法。最近，本文第二作者提出了一种海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报的统一方法。该方法是基于疲劳裂纹扩展理论而发展起来的，在其九个参数模型的假设之下，能够较好地解释一些其它方法所不能解释的现象。采用该方法的主要障碍在于需要确定疲劳裂纹扩展率。作者通过对不同的疲劳裂纹扩展率的比较研究，并推广McEvily模型后，提出了一个具有较宽适用范围的九个参数疲劳裂纹扩展率模型(从门槛域一直到不稳定断裂域)。本文的主要目的是解决如何根据一些现有的疲劳试验数据来确定这九个模型参数的问题。文中给出了通过实验数据确定裂纹扩展率模型中各个参数的方法，并进行了模型参数的灵敏度分析。通过对文献中一些试验数据的收集，给出了几种常用金属材料的裂纹扩展率模型参数。     

钢筋混凝土桥柱新配筋方式研究

该文结合轴心抗压试验,介绍了钢筋混凝土桥柱的配筋方式,可供类似结构设计借鉴参考。     

Performance estimation model of a torque converter part I: Correlation between the internal flow field and energy loss coefficient

The objective of this paper is to improve the performance estimation model of the internal flow field of a torque converter. Compared with performance experiment results, the converter based on the one-dimensional model does not satisfy the performance requirements demanded in practice. Therefore, we need to develop more predictable and reliable performance estimation models. In order to obtain shape information on three-dimensional blade geometry, a process of reverse engineering conducts a torque converter assembly, impeller, turbine and stator. In addition, a CFD simulation including mesh generation and post-processing was carried out to extract equivalent parameters from the internal flow field. The internal flow field can be explained by analyze the correlation between a performance estimation model and CFD analysis. The equivalent performance model adopts the variation of energy loss coefficients for a given operating condition according to the application of a changing energy loss coefficient by the least mean squares method. The estimated equivalent model improves the agreement in performance between experiments and the theoretical model. This model can reduce the error to within about 3 percent. Furthermore, this procedure for predicted performance achieves eminence in the estimation of the capacity factor.     

论企业核心竞争力的战略定位与战略模式

从企业现代竞争理论三个阶段的演变看,正是由于主流企业战略管理理论的不足才促使了企业核心竞争力理论的迅速兴起,核心竞争力的战略选择成为企业战略制定的关键问题。企业可以从经营业务战略、目标行业战略、市场竞争战略与资源组合战略四方面进行核心竞争力战略定位,确立以客户价值为中心的核心竞争力战略模式。     

浅谈当代大学生审美价值取向

当代大学生在思想、道德、精神文化等方面的价值体系发生了许多分化与重组,在审美层面的集中体现为由统一转向多样、由教化主导转向自由选择．     

内河航道横流对船舶航行的影响

为了使船舶能安全通过航道内的横流区域,利用水槽进行遥控自航船模试验,提出了内河航道横流对船舶航行横漂速度、漂角、航迹带宽度和漂距影响的经验公式,分析了Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道横向流速的限值范围。分析结果表明:横流对船舶航行的影响程度主要与对岸航速成反比,与横流的大小及区域长度成正比,与船型大小(航道等级)成反比,同时与驾驶员的航行经验和初始船位有关;在限制航路航行方式过程中,Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道对岸航速为2、3、4m·s-1时,可克服的一个船长内横流限值为0.48、0.58、0.70m·s-1。