Low-cycle fatigue assessment of offshore mooring chains under service loading

The integrity of mooring chains is essential to the safety of a range of offshore platforms. However, mooring line failures are occurring earlier than their design lives, with a high number of these failures occurring due to fatigue. Early in the fatigue life of the component fatigue initiation processes occur, where the fatigue hotspot is sensitive to the mean load and there is plastic strain accumulation from the multiaxial stress-strain responses of the material, leading to cyclic plastic damage accumulation. The traditional SN approach suggested by mooring standards does not consider these effects, and it is proposed that this lack of consideration under low-cycle fatigue conditions is the reason for the current non-conservative fatigue assessments of mooring chains. This paper aims to develop a fatigue approach based on a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion for mooring chains that can consider the damage-induced by the cyclic plasticity and the mean load effect, to investigate the importance of incorporating low-cycle fatigue into the mooring chain life prediction. To develop the critical plane approach, the multiaxial stress-strain states are extracted for the critical plane at the fatigue hotspot from a finite element model of a mooring chain. This is then correlated with a fatigue life prediction provided by conventional fatigue design data. It uses a simulation of an FPSO as a case study to demonstrate the importance of low cycle fatigue, which shows that the mean load effect is significant in reducing the fatigue life for mooring chain applications, while the effect of fatigue damage-induced cyclic plasticity is limited. The fatigue damage accumulation predicted by the critical plane approach is significantly higher than that of the traditional SN approach and should be accounted for in mooring line design.     

Fatigue Analysis of Steel Catenary Risers Based on a Plasticity Model

The most critical issue in the steel catenary riser design is to evaluate the fatigue damage in the touchdown zone accurately. Appropriate modeling of the riser-soil resistance in the touchdown zone ca...     

燃油品质对柴油机燃烧循环变动特性及性能的影响

燃用3种柴油进行了柴油机性能试验,研究了不同转速和负荷下柴油对燃烧循环变动特性及柴油机性能指标的影响。研究表明:在全负荷速度特性下,随着转速的升高,最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率的循环变动率逐渐减小;相同转速下,负荷越小,最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率的循环变动率越大;燃油的十六烷值越小,其自燃性越差,着火滞燃期越长;初馏温度较低时,轻馏分含量较高,参加预混合燃烧的份额大,容易造成燃烧速度加快,压力升高速度快,导致最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率的循环变动率变大,对应燃烧过程变粗暴,由此实现的动力性能和经济性能变差。     

循环荷载下混凝土单桩-冻土流变效应试验

为明确冻土地区混凝土桩基在循环荷载作用下桩土流变效应对桩端位移、桩端阻力以及桩侧冻结应力的影响,利用在冻土中的混凝土模型桩顶端施加正弦波循环荷载的方法,包括改变循环荷载大小、加载频率和冻土温度,开展了循环荷载下桩土流变效应的研究.结果表明:循环荷载大小、荷载频率及冻土温度是影响混凝土单桩-冻土流变效应的主要因素;冻土流变效应的存在,致使桩侧冻结应力随时间推移而降低,而桩端阻力逐渐变大;荷载频率增大,桩侧冻结应力也随之变大,而趋于稳定的时间较短;温度升高,桩端位移就越大,桩侧冻结应力越小,其趋于稳定所需时间也较长;对于多年冻土区桩基础,在设计及运营中应尽量保持及降低冻土的负温,降低荷载频率.     

电化学除氯后钢筋混凝土桥墩的抗震性能

针对电化学除氯后钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结退化可能引起结构构件抗震性能劣化的状况,通过低周反复荷载试验,对混凝土桥墩电化学除氯处理后的抗震性能进行试验研究,分析试验构件的破坏特征、滞回曲线、耗能、骨架曲线和刚度退化的变化情况。研究结果表明:钢筋混凝土桥墩经电化学处理后,在反复荷载作用下,其破坏形式可能由弯曲破坏转化为弯曲-粘结破坏,滞回曲线由丰满变得干瘪,耗能能力降低,峰值后试件的承载力下降,刚度降低;在利用电化学除氯的优势延长钢筋混凝土结构使用寿命的同时,需要最大限度地降低电化学除氯带来的不利作用。     

循环荷载下岩石应变率双因素模型实验研究

在单轴压缩、恒幅和变幅下,分别对花岗岩、白砂岩和大理岩进行循环荷载疲劳试验,建立了一种测定岩石疲劳应变率双因素实验模型.实验结果表明,变幅应力是影响岩石疲劳变形特性的主要因素;变幅与恒幅应力相比,变幅应力的基础疲劳寿命和临界强度分别降低了15.8%~18.0%和21.6%~25.8%,临界应变率增加了17.3%~21.3%.尽管岩石的试验数据离散性很大,但该模型对于测定岩石的疲劳应变率和疲劳寿命具有良好的适应性;与传统方法相比,它更准确、更符合实际;该模型对岩石疲劳变形规律的研究和岩石基础工程长期稳定性监测具有实用价值.     

反复荷载作用下部分预应力混凝土梁桥长期挠度计算研究

部分预应力混凝土梁桥运营阶段实际长期挠度超过其设计值已成一个较为普遍的问题,对桥梁的使用性能和结构安全均造成严重隐患。通过对现有的部分预应力混凝土结构反复荷载作用下的长期挠度发展规律和计算公式进行分析比较,提出合理的计算模式和方法,并运用于一座实际桥梁,为部分预应力混凝土梁桥长期挠度计算和控制提供参考。     

水下不分散混凝土长柱抗震性能试验研究

为了更好地了解水下不分散混凝土的结构性能,给水下不分散混凝土设计与施工规程、规范的编制提供可靠的科学实验数据,通过试验对比低周反复荷载下水下不分散混凝土长柱和普通混凝土长柱的受力性能.试验结果表明,水下不分散混凝土长柱抗震性能与普通混凝土长柱抗震性能接近.因此,可以用设计普通混凝土长柱的理论进行水下不分散混凝土长柱的抗震设计.     

A fast-simplified wheel–rail contact model consistent with perfect plastic materials

A method is described which is an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity. This new method, which is an extension of the STRIPES semi-Hertzian (SH) model, has been implemented in a multi-body-system (MBS) package and does not result in a longer execution time than the STRIPES SH model [J.B. Ayasse and H. Chollet, Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 43(3) (2005), pp. 161–172]. High speed of computation is obtained by some hypotheses about the plastic law, the shape of stresses, the locus of the maximum stress and the slip. Plasticity does not change the vehicle behaviour but there is a need for an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity as far as fatigue analysis of rail is concerned: rolling contact fatigue may be addressed via the finite element method (FEM) including material non-linearities, where loads are the contact stresses provided by the post-processing of MBS results [K. Dang Van, M.H. Maitournam, Z. Moumni, and F. Roger, A comprehensive approach for modeling fatigue and fracture of rails, Eng. Fract. Mech. 76 (2009), pp. 2626–2636]. In STRIPES, like in other MBS models, contact stresses may exceed the plastic yield criterion, leading to wrong results in the subsequent FEM analysis. With the proposed method, contact stresses are kept consistent with a perfect plastic law, avoiding these problems. The method is benchmarked versus non-linear FEM in Hertzian geometries. As a consequence of taking plasticity into account, contact patch area is bigger than the elastic one. In accordance with FEM results, a different ellipse aspect ratio than the one predicted by Hertz theory was also found and finally pressure does not exceed the threshold prescribed by the plastic law. The method also provides more exact results with non-Hertzian geometries. The new approach is finally compared with non-linear FEM in a tangent case with a unidirectional load and a complete slip: when plasticity is taken into account, and for large adhesion values, friction forces have an influence on the size of the contact patch. The proposed approach enables also to assess extensively the level of plasticity along a track through an indicator associated with a given yield stress.     

几种腐蚀性试验方法的对比研究

以试验对比为基础,通过几种循环腐蚀试验方法对电泳试板机械物理性能影响程度的研究、沿叉扩蚀宽度的比较以及这几种方法对裸板腐蚀程度的研究,分析对比了这几种腐蚀试验方法的不同特点。