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交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
首先 ,探讨了出行者的出行心理、行为以及信息之间的相互关系 ,在此基础上 ,简要分析了出行者的出行选择。其次 ,考虑在交通信息服务条件下 ,由于出行者本身以及信息方面的原因 ,出行选择可能出现过激反应、集聚反应等问题。最后 ,针对上述问题 ,提出应该加以重视的或有待进一步研究的几个问题。 相似文献
13.
Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home. 相似文献
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新型纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
为了研究纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性.利用自制的自由落锤抗弯冲击试验装置,测定了不同体积掺率下细直径的腈纶纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维,粗直径的聚丙烯纤维和哑铃形钢纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击力学性能。试验表明:纤维增强混凝土梁的冲击次数与纤维品种和体积掺率有关;当细直径纤维的体积掺率为0.07%~O.27%时,纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土的1.1~4.5倍和1.1~4.4倍;当粗直径纤维的体积掺率为O.5%~1.4%时,纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土梁的2.4~4.6倍和5.2~31.0倍。细纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂冲击性能优于粗纤维增强混凝土梁.粗纤维增强混凝土梁的破坏冲击性能和冲击延性明显优于细纤维增强混凝土梁。 相似文献
15.
The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel. 相似文献
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The aircraft turnaround processes is mainly controlled by the ground handling, airport or airline staff, except the aircraft boarding, which is driven by the passengers’ experience and willingness or ability to follow the proposed boarding procedures. The paper uses a prior developed, calibrated, stochastic aircraft boarding model, which is applied to different boarding strategies (chronological order of passenger arrival, hand luggage handling), group constellations and innovative infrastructural changes (Flying Carpet, Side-Slip Seat, Foldable Passenger Seat). In this context, passenger boarding is assumed to be a stochastic, agent-based, forward-directed, one-dimensional and discrete process. The stochastic model covers individual passenger behavior as well as operational constraints and deviations. A comprehensive assessment using one model allows for efficient comparison of current research approaches and innovative operational solutions for efficient passenger boarding. 相似文献
19.
为了分析城市新建地铁项目对居民公共交通出行的影响,改善公交服务水平,提高公共交
通的分担率,针对大连市新建地铁线路展开研究。以大连市地铁1 号线沿线站点作为研究区域,
采用SP (Stated Preference) 调查方法,收集了300 名地铁沿线居民对常规公交以及新建地铁两种
出行方式的选择数据。通过建立二项Logit 模型,分析出行成本、换乘时间等选择方案特性变
量,出行特性变量以及出行者特性变量对于居民出行方式选择行为的影响,并计算弹性值及模型
精度。结果表明,通过调整出行成本及换乘时间可有效提高地铁分担率。由此提出相关政策建
议:对于出行成本,可从出行者年龄及出行次数两方面制定不同的优惠政策;对于换乘时间,可
从提高可达性、完善购票系统以及调整发班频率三方面进行改善。 相似文献
20.
随着海事事故与海上违法行为的不断增多,智能的监控方法成为降低海事事故,打击海上违法行为的有效手段.同时,船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)的普及及船舶交通管理系统(Vessel Traffic Service,VTS)的扩建,又为智能监控提供了数据支持.鉴于此,利用船舶自动识别系统提供的数据,分析通航水域船舶信息的分布情况,根据其概率分布采用朴素贝叶斯算法,从船舶航速、航向及距航道边界距离3个方面,构建船舶异常行为检测模型.最后,以成山角通航水域为例,检验模型的有效性.实验结果表明,构建的模型能够有效地完成异常行为监测,减少海事监管人员的工作强度,同时根据实验结果分析了成山角水域船舶航行的特点,并对成山角定线制提出合理化建议. 相似文献