沥青路面填封裂缝和修补坑槽再破损原因分析

为了检验沥青路面裂缝填封和坑槽修补的效果,对填封裂缝和修补坑槽较常出现的再破损形式进行了归纳,并深入地分析了已填封裂缝和已修补坑槽再次出现破损的原因.     

Implementation and application of a stochastic aircraft boarding model

The aircraft turnaround processes is mainly controlled by the ground handling, airport or airline staff, except the aircraft boarding, which is driven by the passengers’ experience and willingness or ability to follow the proposed boarding procedures. The paper uses a prior developed, calibrated, stochastic aircraft boarding model, which is applied to different boarding strategies (chronological order of passenger arrival, hand luggage handling), group constellations and innovative infrastructural changes (Flying Carpet, Side-Slip Seat, Foldable Passenger Seat). In this context, passenger boarding is assumed to be a stochastic, agent-based, forward-directed, one-dimensional and discrete process. The stochastic model covers individual passenger behavior as well as operational constraints and deviations. A comprehensive assessment using one model allows for efficient comparison of current research approaches and innovative operational solutions for efficient passenger boarding.     

大连新建地铁对公交出行选择的影响

为了分析城市新建地铁项目对居民公共交通出行的影响，改善公交服务水平，提高公共交 通的分担率，针对大连市新建地铁线路展开研究。以大连市地铁1 号线沿线站点作为研究区域， 采用SP （Stated Preference） 调查方法，收集了300 名地铁沿线居民对常规公交以及新建地铁两种 出行方式的选择数据。通过建立二项Logit 模型，分析出行成本、换乘时间等选择方案特性变 量，出行特性变量以及出行者特性变量对于居民出行方式选择行为的影响，并计算弹性值及模型 精度。结果表明，通过调整出行成本及换乘时间可有效提高地铁分担率。由此提出相关政策建 议：对于出行成本，可从出行者年龄及出行次数两方面制定不同的优惠政策；对于换乘时间，可 从提高可达性、完善购票系统以及调整发班频率三方面进行改善。     

基于朴素贝叶斯算法的船舶异常行为监测

随着海事事故与海上违法行为的不断增多,智能的监控方法成为降低海事事故,打击海上违法行为的有效手段.同时,船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)的普及及船舶交通管理系统(Vessel Traffic Service,VTS)的扩建,又为智能监控提供了数据支持.鉴于此,利用船舶自动识别系统提供的数据,分析通航水域船舶信息的分布情况,根据其概率分布采用朴素贝叶斯算法,从船舶航速、航向及距航道边界距离3个方面,构建船舶异常行为检测模型.最后,以成山角通航水域为例,检验模型的有效性.实验结果表明,构建的模型能够有效地完成异常行为监测,减少海事监管人员的工作强度,同时根据实验结果分析了成山角水域船舶航行的特点,并对成山角定线制提出合理化建议.     

X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。     

基于偏好顺序集的非补偿式铁路旅客选择行为估计方法

精细化需求预测是铁路提高收益的重要基础.本文考虑了铁路产品属性对于旅客选择行为的影响,构建具有一定偏好顺序的产品集合来表征不同类型的旅客.在此基础上,利用客票存根及余票数据,建立预售期内旅客选择过程的极大似然函数,求解得到不同旅客类型的出现概率.首先通过仿真算例验证了模型的计算可行性,然后通过实证数据,估算了北京南至上海虹桥方向不同旅客类型在各时段的出现概率,进一步统计得到旅客在不同时段下铁路旅客buy-up行为概率及属性敏感度的变化,并提出一些可用于优化售票策略的建议.     

Aggregating mobile object trajectories: cumulative time geographic density estimation for GPS data

We present new approaches that expand upon the time geographic density estimation (TGDE) framework previously employed to estimate potential path trees. In the past, TGDE metrics have identified possible locations an individual moving object may have passed between, given known origin and destination points. This paper utilizes a new form of TGDE to investigate taxicab GPS traces over a specified time horizon with position ‘gaps’. To this end, we propose a new extension to the TGDE framework, TGDE-C, which is used to determine the cumulative TGDE values for a group of GPS traces, at a given location. These metrics are applied to multiple taxis and allow for time of day analysis. Additionally, we combine these new extensions with existing TGDE metrics that allow us to determine how accessible individual or groups of vehicles are to urban opportunities.     

大断面地铁车站隧道软弱围岩渐进破坏规律模型试验研究

以贵阳市地铁2号线阳明祠车站为背景,采用室内模型试验模拟大断面地铁车站施工过程中隧道塌方破坏过程,明确施工期间大断面隧道塌方破坏过程机制,对比分析围岩和路面的变形。结果表明:通过围岩重力作用模拟隧道施工过程中塌方过程,与实际塌方过程基本吻合,弥补了常规加载破坏的不足;围岩渐进破坏过程表现为裂隙出现-裂隙发展-裂隙贯通-围岩塌方,支护渐进破坏过程表现为变形缓慢增加-变形快速增加-裂缝快速发展-支护破坏;围岩渐进破坏与支护渐进破坏相互作用,共同发展;在实际施工过程中,当支护变形大幅增加时,应增加支护强度,同时还应及时注浆、打设长锚杆,以减缓围岩裂隙发展,阻断围岩渐进破坏过程。     

多车道高速公路出口开口段安全特性分析

为研究不同断面形式下的多车道高速公路出口影响区开口长度及流量与交通安全的关系，针对2种断面形式的高速公路出口，分别设计了3种不同的开口长度，结合3种不同流量条件设计了18个不同的驾驶模拟场景。实验招募30名被试者开展模拟驾驶实验，提取不同开口长度及流量条件下各断面形式高速公路出口的车辆行驶轨迹、换道间隙的选择、减速度、最小 TTC (Time to Collision)等驾驶行为特性参数，综合分析基于驾驶行为数据对不同开口长度的行车风险。结果表明：两种断面形式下，开口长度对于车辆在开口段上的换道点选择存在显著影响；两种断面形式下，1500 m的开口长度能够满足绝大多数驾驶人的换道需求；在换道间隙选择中，大都集中在5~6 s，分离式断面下的开口长度对于低于临界间隙的换道间隙出现的频次具有显著影响；流量及开口长度对于最大减速度及TTC最小值和分布位置均不存在显著性影响，但分离式断面下的最大减速度和最小TTC相较于整体式断面更小；此外，整体式断面中内侧3车道的行车风险低于分离式断面，分离式断面中外侧车道的行车风险低于整体式断面。     

Daily activity and travel sequences of students,faculty and staff at a large Canadian university

This paper examines the activity engagement, sequencing and timing of activities for student, faculty and staff commuter groups at the largest university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The daily activity patterns of all university community groups are modeled using the classification and regression tree classifier algorithm. The data used for this study are derived from the Environmentally Aware Travel Diary Survey (EnACT) conducted in spring 2016 at Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia. Results show that there are significant differences in activity and travel behavior between university population segments and the general population in the region, and between campus groups. For example, students participate in more recreation activities compared to faculty and staff. They also take more trips to and from campus, and are more flexible in their scheduling of trips. The insights gained from this study will provide helpful information for promoting sustainability across university campuses, and for development of campus-based travel demand management strategies.