基于CFD的内河船深浅水中操纵性预报

由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具.     

聚脲涂层舷侧板架抗撞性能试验研究

针对船舶舷侧结构抗碰撞问题,开展有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤试验研究。以某型舰船结构为依据建立舷侧板架有限元模型,利用瞬态动力学软件MSC/Dytran对模型进行数值仿真并确定落锤高度及试验工况。在此基础上,制作模型板架进行有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤冲击试验,分别获得有涂层和无涂层舷侧板架在碰撞冲击载荷作用下的损伤变形、破口大小及碰撞力,对比研究聚脲材料的抗撞防护性能。结果表明,聚脲涂层的存在能够加强舷侧板架的耐撞防护性能。     

海事重点监管船舶定位系统黄浦江水域应用研究

海事重点监管船舶定位系统是针对上海黄浦江闵行段水域海事重点监管船舶逃逸问题而建设应用的系统。该系统前端设备独立性强,携带、装卸方便,应用功能尤其是报警功能全面及时可靠,已在黄浦江闵行段水域的海事监管应用中取得良好的效果,但仍存在硬件性能不足、定制化功能待完善、应用管理机制未建立等问题。文中针对该系统存在的问题提出了提高硬件性能、完善定制化应用功能及建立完善应用管理机制等建议,以期为海事重点船舶防逃逸监管提供一种高效、完善的解决方案。     

舰船复合材料结构物应用工程技术特点及内涵分析

针对舰船平台技术所面临的发展需求与挑战,从总体平台特性、综合隐身以及综合保障技术发展需求的角度,简要分析开展舰船复合材料结构物应用工程的必要性和紧迫性。以西方国家潜艇应用为例,梳理国外舰船复合材料结构物应用发展思路,提出并阐明舰船功能复合材料结构物应用工程的3个“一体化”技术特点,着重探讨总体/结构设计技术的定义、内涵及关键技术组成。最后,针对我国未来在该领域的发展需求,提出应在尽快制定顶层规划的同时,着力加强设计基础研究和规范体系性建设。     

水力式升船机单井塔柱内对拉钢索优化布置

单井型塔柱结构极大改善了水力式升船机竖井水位同步性问题,但随着提升高度增大,竖井内水深越大,侧壁位移、弯矩过大等问题更加突出。以150米级单井塔柱为例,提出了竖井内布置对拉钢索的设想和简化布置方案。基于钢索拉力权重分配系数的优化方法,取得了钢索等应力的密度分布最优解,并离散转化为等效的等荷载布置方案,可在实际工程中应用。经有限元模型结果对比分析,等荷载布置与简化方案相比,最大位移可减小47.44%,纵竖向弯矩极值差别不大。与无钢索方案比较,最大位移、纵向弯矩、竖向弯矩可分别减小93.5%、74.36%、75.84%。高强钢索预应力方案值得进一步研究。     

引江济淮工程派河口船闸通航水流条件及改善措施

派河口船闸是引江济淮派河口枢纽重要组成部分,位于派河入巢湖口门段,建设条件复杂。综合已有工程、河道边界和相关规划,提出了复线船闸平面布置初拟方案。采用定床河工模型试验的技术手段对船闸下游引航道与口门区通航水流条件开展了详尽研究,探明了节制闸泄洪时下游通航水域纵向和横向表面流速、流态特征,分析了通航水流条件不满足规范要求的原因,指出可通过岸线平顺、新开泄洪分流通道和控制临界安全泄洪流量等措施进行改善。优化后的方案可满足设计要求,为工程设计和今后运行管理提供技术支撑。     

大型三角闸门门缝输水运用条件试验研究

裕溪一线船闸扩容改造工程首次将三角闸门的应用口门宽度提高至34 m。为提高船闸的运行效率、充分发挥三角闸门动水启闭的优势,开展了大型三角闸门门缝输水运用条件试验研究。以三角闸门的水动力特性和船舶停泊安全为依据,研究提出裕溪新船闸大型三角闸门门缝输水的运用条件:1)三角闸门采用门缝输水应尽可能在1 m水头差以内开启;2)闸门开度应控制在1 m以内;3)随着水头差减小闸门开度可进一步增大。     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

基于航速调整的班轮燃油补给优化

燃油成本在班轮运营总成本中占有很大比重,燃油补给是影响航运公司班轮运营成本和效益的一项重要决策.基于航速调整策略,以班轮运营总成本最小化为目标,建立燃油补给混合整数非线性规划模型,运用分段线性逼近法对燃油消耗函数进行线性化处理,并设计了求解算法步骤.实例分析验证了模型和求解方法的有效性.结果表明,在航运市场需求低迷的情况下,船舶更适宜采取较低的航速,采取灵活的加油港策略或放宽船舶到港时间窗限制,能更为有效地降低燃油成本.     

Tuning of transfer functions for analysis of wave–ship interactions

Transfer functions are often used together with a wave spectrum for analysis of wave–ship interactions, where one application addresses the prediction of wave-induced motions or other types of global responses. This paper presents a simple and practical method which can be used to tune the transfer function of such responses to facilitate improved prediction capability. The input to the method consists of a measured response, i.e. time series sequences from a given sensor, the 2D wave spectrum characterising the seaway in which the measurements are taken, and an initial estimate of the transfer function for the response in study. The paper presents results obtained using data from an in-service container ship. The 2D wave spectra are taken from the ERA5 database, while the transfer function is computed by a simple closed-form expression. The paper shows that the application of the tuned transfer function leads to predictions which are significantly improved compared to using the transfer function without tuning.